US3849079A - Metallic materials based on martensitic steel - Google Patents

Metallic materials based on martensitic steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3849079A
US3849079A US00098237A US9823770A US3849079A US 3849079 A US3849079 A US 3849079A US 00098237 A US00098237 A US 00098237A US 9823770 A US9823770 A US 9823770A US 3849079 A US3849079 A US 3849079A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layers
austenitic
martensitic
metallic material
material according
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00098237A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Montuelle
G Chaudron
Legry G Piaard
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Bpifrance Financement SA
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Agence National de Valorisation de la Recherche ANVAR
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/925—Relative dimension specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12632—Four or more distinct components with alternate recurrence of each type component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12965—Both containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components

Definitions

  • the invention relates to metallic materials based on martensitic steel, i.e., metallic materials constituted of a major portion of a steel of martensitic structure, the expression metallic material being taken here in a very general sense and including both semimanufactured products (sheet metal for example) and more fabricated products which have reached their final form from the industrial point of view (bars or tubes e.g.).
  • the invention relates also to methods of manufacture of such metallic materials based on martensitic steel.
  • Steels with martensitic structure, especially maraging" steels (generally containing nickel, cobalt and molybdenum, but no chromium), have high mechanical properties (breaking load capable of reaching 230 hec tobars), but, on the other hand, they are subject to corrosion phenomena by external agents and, especially, to the deleterious phenomenon of fragilization by hydrogen.
  • stainless steels of chrome-nickel even materials based on a nickel, have, in the austenitic phase, an excellent resistance to corrosion but properties distinctly less, from the mechanical point of view, than the steels of martensitic structure.
  • austenitic layer for convenience in the description, such a protective layer of austenitic structure will be denoted below by the expression austenitic layer, whether it relates to a stainless steel (especially chrome-nickel) or to a material based on nickel, even pure nickel.
  • the metallic material according to the invention is 'a massive ferrous material constituted by a regular alteraverage thickness of the adjacent austenitic layers situated respectively on both sides of the martensitic layer concerned,'the massive metallic material thus constituted having, due to its mixed austeno-martensitic stratified structure with predominance of martensite by weight, on the one hand, high mechanical properties (breaking load greater than hectobars) due to the predominance of the martensitic phase hardenable by intermetallic precipitation, on the other hand, an excellent resistance to corrosion and especially to fragilization by hydrogen, this resistance in depth of the material resulting from the presence of successive diffusion barriers constituted by the austenitic layers, and, on the other hand lastly, the qualities inherent in stratified materials with rigid layers (martensitic layers) separated by ductile layers (austenitic layers. of which the ductility is approximately five times greater than that of the martensitic layers).
  • the martensitic layers can all have a same thickness and the austenitic layers also a same thickness (less than the preceding one).
  • each martensitic layer in the majority of cases, it would be convenient to attribute to each martensitic layer, as already indicated, a thickness equal to at least five times, and preferably of the order of ten times, the average thickness of the two austenitic layers situated on both sides of the martensitic layer concerned.
  • the method according to the invention consists, with a view to obtaining the metallic material with alternated martensitic layers and austenitic layers which has just been considered,
  • this hardening treatment being preferably of the type of conventional hardening methods for maraging steels (e.g. a treatment for three hours at 480C).
  • FIG. 1 shows, in section with parts removed and with a considerable enlargement, a stratified composite sheet metal according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show, under the same conditions as FIG. 1, a stratified composite bar and tube according to the invention.
  • the compositesheet metal illustrated in H0. 1 is formed of alternatedlayers of martensite M and austenite A. All the layers 'M have a same thickness E and all the layers A a same thickness e at least five times less than E and, preferably, of the order of one tenth of E.
  • a composite sheet metal according to the invention can be obtained from a simple stack of sheets of maraging steel having a layer of nickel on their two faces.
  • the outer surfaces of the sheet metal are preferably formed by austenitic layers, i.e., by the lay-- ers more adapted to resisting corrosion.
  • FIG. 2 shows a bar or rod formed of alternated coaxial layers of martensite M and austenite A, the martensite being predominant from the weight point of view and the respective thicknesses E and e of the layers M and A being advantageously able to satisfy the dimensional criteria explained previously, in a general form, relative to the abovesaid thicknesses.
  • Such a bar could be used for the reinforcement of concrete and, whatever its application, it would be advantageous to make it include an austenitic outer layer Al in order to protect it against corrosion by environmental agents.
  • FIG. 3 finally, shows a tube formed of alternated coaxial layers of martensite M and of austenite A, the respective thicknesses E and e of the said layers being able, this time again, to satisfy the abovesaid dimensional criteria.
  • Such tube could be suitable for channeling gas or destructive liquids under pressure and it would then be advantageous to make it include an inner wall A0 of austenitic structure, its outer wall Al being also able to be austenitic, especially if there is risk of destruction from the outside.
  • the fields of application of the composite elements according to the invention are multiple and there can be mentioned, especially, the fields of aerospace technology and of chemical and nuclear engineering.
  • Massive ferrous metallic material having high me chanical strength and resistance in depth of the material to hydrogen embrittlement consisting essentially of a regular alternation of a plurality of layers of martensitic steel and of layers of austenitic structure having a resistance to corrosion higher and a mechanical resistance lower than those of said martensitic steel, the thickness of each martensitic layer being of a magnitude equal to at least five times the average thickness of the adjacent austenitic layers situated respectively on both sides of the martensitic layer concerned.
  • each of the martensitic layers have the same thickness and .each of the austenitic layers have the same thickness.
  • Iron base material according to claim 1 wherein said layers of austenitic structure are of a material selected from the group consisting of Cr. Ni. austenitic steels, nickel and nickel-base alloys.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US00098237A 1969-12-19 1970-12-15 Metallic materials based on martensitic steel Expired - Lifetime US3849079A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR6944094A FR2069985B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-12-19 1969-12-19

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US3849079A true US3849079A (en) 1974-11-19

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US (1) US3849079A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5138667B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2069985B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1320239A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE364523B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4136231A (en) * 1975-12-15 1979-01-23 United Technologies Corporation Sandwich panel fabrication
US4414286A (en) * 1981-04-02 1983-11-08 Texas Instruments Incorporated Composite thermostat metal
US4819471A (en) * 1986-10-31 1989-04-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Pilger die for tubing production
US20110250465A1 (en) * 2008-09-26 2011-10-13 Andrei Evgenievich Rozen Multilayer material with enhanced corrosion resistance (variants) and methods for preparing same
US8221898B2 (en) 2007-05-10 2012-07-17 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Multi-layered composite part made of steel having optimized paint adhesion
CN111760908A (zh) * 2019-04-02 2020-10-13 中国科学院金属研究所 一种超薄极薄多层金属复合带材及其制备方法
CN115837466A (zh) * 2022-12-07 2023-03-24 太原科技大学 奥氏体/马氏体不锈钢强韧性复合板的制备方法及复合板
EP4173818A4 (en) * 2020-06-24 2023-12-20 Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. MULTI-LAYER COMPOSITE COLD-ROLLED CERAMIC PLATE AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING METHOD

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5662614A (en) * 1979-10-24 1981-05-28 Usui Internatl Ind Co Ltd Thick-walled small-diameter superposed metal pipe material
JPS57140643A (en) * 1981-02-25 1982-08-31 Kubota Ltd Coated pipe for reactor subjected to pyrolysis and reforming of hydrocarbon
WO1982003598A1 (en) * 1981-04-10 1982-10-28 Genrikh Vasilevich Novozhilov Construction material
JPS61286274A (ja) * 1985-06-12 1986-12-16 日本碍子株式会社 金属・セラミツクス結合体およびその製造法
DE3668834D1 (de) * 1986-02-21 1990-03-15 Mannesmann Ag Aus zwei schichten bestehendes korrosionsbestaendiges rohr oder dergleichen behaelter.
DE4141938A1 (de) * 1991-12-19 1993-06-24 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Plattiertes stahlblech
CN111760909B (zh) * 2019-04-02 2021-12-10 中国科学院金属研究所 一种抗高速冲击多层金属复合材料及其制备方法

Citations (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2048276A (en) * 1932-04-21 1936-07-21 Bruno S Teschner Plated metal having carbide surface
US2133293A (en) * 1934-04-12 1938-10-18 Gordon Frederick Felix Manufacture of compound metal bodies
US2226403A (en) * 1938-07-23 1940-12-24 Robert K Hopkins Manufacture of veneered articles
US2258564A (en) * 1940-03-11 1941-10-07 Armstrong Stainless clad pierced tubes
US2472320A (en) * 1941-02-05 1949-06-07 Ford Motor Co Method of heat-treating steel
US2544335A (en) * 1948-02-25 1951-03-06 Armco Steel Corp Welding method and product
US2921877A (en) * 1958-03-13 1960-01-19 David Craven Process of chromizing air hardening tool steel
US3071981A (en) * 1959-07-16 1963-01-08 Sedis Transmissions Mec Roller for transmission chain and the method of producing said roller
US3073015A (en) * 1960-05-16 1963-01-15 Chromalloy Corp Diffusion coating of metals
US3093556A (en) * 1961-06-13 1963-06-11 Amchem S A Electro-depositing stainless steel coatings on metal surfaces
US3148954A (en) * 1960-06-13 1964-09-15 Haas Irene Turbine blade construction
US3232853A (en) * 1962-03-05 1966-02-01 Gen Electric Corrosion resistant chromide coating
US3240572A (en) * 1962-02-16 1966-03-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Protective coating for metals and method of making the same
US3325259A (en) * 1964-05-13 1967-06-13 Bethlehem Steel Corp Ferrous base with nickel-iron coating
US3343928A (en) * 1965-10-15 1967-09-26 Du Pont Ferrous substrate having an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy coating thereon
US3357868A (en) * 1964-11-17 1967-12-12 Armco Steel Corp Stainless steel and method
US3359083A (en) * 1965-06-14 1967-12-19 Herbert L Leichter Composite structural metal members with improved fracture toughness
US3511283A (en) * 1966-08-26 1970-05-12 Samuel J Iannone Copper-coated stainless steel tube

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1438489A (fr) * 1965-03-31 1966-05-13 Creusot Forges Ateliers Procédé de fabrication de tôles plaquées, et tôles plaquées obtenues par ce procédé

Patent Citations (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2048276A (en) * 1932-04-21 1936-07-21 Bruno S Teschner Plated metal having carbide surface
US2133293A (en) * 1934-04-12 1938-10-18 Gordon Frederick Felix Manufacture of compound metal bodies
US2226403A (en) * 1938-07-23 1940-12-24 Robert K Hopkins Manufacture of veneered articles
US2258564A (en) * 1940-03-11 1941-10-07 Armstrong Stainless clad pierced tubes
US2472320A (en) * 1941-02-05 1949-06-07 Ford Motor Co Method of heat-treating steel
US2544335A (en) * 1948-02-25 1951-03-06 Armco Steel Corp Welding method and product
US2921877A (en) * 1958-03-13 1960-01-19 David Craven Process of chromizing air hardening tool steel
US3071981A (en) * 1959-07-16 1963-01-08 Sedis Transmissions Mec Roller for transmission chain and the method of producing said roller
US3073015A (en) * 1960-05-16 1963-01-15 Chromalloy Corp Diffusion coating of metals
US3148954A (en) * 1960-06-13 1964-09-15 Haas Irene Turbine blade construction
US3093556A (en) * 1961-06-13 1963-06-11 Amchem S A Electro-depositing stainless steel coatings on metal surfaces
US3240572A (en) * 1962-02-16 1966-03-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Protective coating for metals and method of making the same
US3232853A (en) * 1962-03-05 1966-02-01 Gen Electric Corrosion resistant chromide coating
US3325259A (en) * 1964-05-13 1967-06-13 Bethlehem Steel Corp Ferrous base with nickel-iron coating
US3357868A (en) * 1964-11-17 1967-12-12 Armco Steel Corp Stainless steel and method
US3359083A (en) * 1965-06-14 1967-12-19 Herbert L Leichter Composite structural metal members with improved fracture toughness
US3343928A (en) * 1965-10-15 1967-09-26 Du Pont Ferrous substrate having an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy coating thereon
US3511283A (en) * 1966-08-26 1970-05-12 Samuel J Iannone Copper-coated stainless steel tube

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4136231A (en) * 1975-12-15 1979-01-23 United Technologies Corporation Sandwich panel fabrication
US4414286A (en) * 1981-04-02 1983-11-08 Texas Instruments Incorporated Composite thermostat metal
US4819471A (en) * 1986-10-31 1989-04-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Pilger die for tubing production
US8221898B2 (en) 2007-05-10 2012-07-17 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Multi-layered composite part made of steel having optimized paint adhesion
US20110250465A1 (en) * 2008-09-26 2011-10-13 Andrei Evgenievich Rozen Multilayer material with enhanced corrosion resistance (variants) and methods for preparing same
CN111760908A (zh) * 2019-04-02 2020-10-13 中国科学院金属研究所 一种超薄极薄多层金属复合带材及其制备方法
EP4173818A4 (en) * 2020-06-24 2023-12-20 Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. MULTI-LAYER COMPOSITE COLD-ROLLED CERAMIC PLATE AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING METHOD
CN115837466A (zh) * 2022-12-07 2023-03-24 太原科技大学 奥氏体/马氏体不锈钢强韧性复合板的制备方法及复合板

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2062552B2 (de) 1972-11-09
JPS5138667B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-10-22
FR2069985A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-09-10
GB1320239A (en) 1973-06-13
FR2069985B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-21
DE2062552A1 (de) 1971-09-02
SE364523B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-25

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