US3849079A - Metallic materials based on martensitic steel - Google Patents

Metallic materials based on martensitic steel Download PDF

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US3849079A
US3849079A US00098237A US9823770A US3849079A US 3849079 A US3849079 A US 3849079A US 00098237 A US00098237 A US 00098237A US 9823770 A US9823770 A US 9823770A US 3849079 A US3849079 A US 3849079A
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layers
austenitic
martensitic
metallic material
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J Montuelle
G Chaudron
Legry G Piaard
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Bpifrance Financement SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/925—Relative dimension specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12632—Four or more distinct components with alternate recurrence of each type component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12965—Both containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components

Definitions

  • the invention relates to metallic materials based on martensitic steel, i.e., metallic materials constituted of a major portion of a steel of martensitic structure, the expression metallic material being taken here in a very general sense and including both semimanufactured products (sheet metal for example) and more fabricated products which have reached their final form from the industrial point of view (bars or tubes e.g.).
  • the invention relates also to methods of manufacture of such metallic materials based on martensitic steel.
  • Steels with martensitic structure, especially maraging" steels (generally containing nickel, cobalt and molybdenum, but no chromium), have high mechanical properties (breaking load capable of reaching 230 hec tobars), but, on the other hand, they are subject to corrosion phenomena by external agents and, especially, to the deleterious phenomenon of fragilization by hydrogen.
  • stainless steels of chrome-nickel even materials based on a nickel, have, in the austenitic phase, an excellent resistance to corrosion but properties distinctly less, from the mechanical point of view, than the steels of martensitic structure.
  • austenitic layer for convenience in the description, such a protective layer of austenitic structure will be denoted below by the expression austenitic layer, whether it relates to a stainless steel (especially chrome-nickel) or to a material based on nickel, even pure nickel.
  • the metallic material according to the invention is 'a massive ferrous material constituted by a regular alteraverage thickness of the adjacent austenitic layers situated respectively on both sides of the martensitic layer concerned,'the massive metallic material thus constituted having, due to its mixed austeno-martensitic stratified structure with predominance of martensite by weight, on the one hand, high mechanical properties (breaking load greater than hectobars) due to the predominance of the martensitic phase hardenable by intermetallic precipitation, on the other hand, an excellent resistance to corrosion and especially to fragilization by hydrogen, this resistance in depth of the material resulting from the presence of successive diffusion barriers constituted by the austenitic layers, and, on the other hand lastly, the qualities inherent in stratified materials with rigid layers (martensitic layers) separated by ductile layers (austenitic layers. of which the ductility is approximately five times greater than that of the martensitic layers).
  • the martensitic layers can all have a same thickness and the austenitic layers also a same thickness (less than the preceding one).
  • each martensitic layer in the majority of cases, it would be convenient to attribute to each martensitic layer, as already indicated, a thickness equal to at least five times, and preferably of the order of ten times, the average thickness of the two austenitic layers situated on both sides of the martensitic layer concerned.
  • the method according to the invention consists, with a view to obtaining the metallic material with alternated martensitic layers and austenitic layers which has just been considered,
  • this hardening treatment being preferably of the type of conventional hardening methods for maraging steels (e.g. a treatment for three hours at 480C).
  • FIG. 1 shows, in section with parts removed and with a considerable enlargement, a stratified composite sheet metal according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show, under the same conditions as FIG. 1, a stratified composite bar and tube according to the invention.
  • the compositesheet metal illustrated in H0. 1 is formed of alternatedlayers of martensite M and austenite A. All the layers 'M have a same thickness E and all the layers A a same thickness e at least five times less than E and, preferably, of the order of one tenth of E.
  • a composite sheet metal according to the invention can be obtained from a simple stack of sheets of maraging steel having a layer of nickel on their two faces.
  • the outer surfaces of the sheet metal are preferably formed by austenitic layers, i.e., by the lay-- ers more adapted to resisting corrosion.
  • FIG. 2 shows a bar or rod formed of alternated coaxial layers of martensite M and austenite A, the martensite being predominant from the weight point of view and the respective thicknesses E and e of the layers M and A being advantageously able to satisfy the dimensional criteria explained previously, in a general form, relative to the abovesaid thicknesses.
  • Such a bar could be used for the reinforcement of concrete and, whatever its application, it would be advantageous to make it include an austenitic outer layer Al in order to protect it against corrosion by environmental agents.
  • FIG. 3 finally, shows a tube formed of alternated coaxial layers of martensite M and of austenite A, the respective thicknesses E and e of the said layers being able, this time again, to satisfy the abovesaid dimensional criteria.
  • Such tube could be suitable for channeling gas or destructive liquids under pressure and it would then be advantageous to make it include an inner wall A0 of austenitic structure, its outer wall Al being also able to be austenitic, especially if there is risk of destruction from the outside.
  • the fields of application of the composite elements according to the invention are multiple and there can be mentioned, especially, the fields of aerospace technology and of chemical and nuclear engineering.
  • Massive ferrous metallic material having high me chanical strength and resistance in depth of the material to hydrogen embrittlement consisting essentially of a regular alternation of a plurality of layers of martensitic steel and of layers of austenitic structure having a resistance to corrosion higher and a mechanical resistance lower than those of said martensitic steel, the thickness of each martensitic layer being of a magnitude equal to at least five times the average thickness of the adjacent austenitic layers situated respectively on both sides of the martensitic layer concerned.
  • each of the martensitic layers have the same thickness and .each of the austenitic layers have the same thickness.
  • Iron base material according to claim 1 wherein said layers of austenitic structure are of a material selected from the group consisting of Cr. Ni. austenitic steels, nickel and nickel-base alloys.

Abstract

The material is constituted by a regular alternation of relatively thick layers of martensitic structure and thinner layers of austenitic structure. The product is useful for sheet metal exposed to the action of hydrogen.

Description

United States Patent [191 Montuelle et al.
111 3,849,079 Nov, 19, 1 974- METALLIC MATERIALS BASED ON 2,25 8,564 10/1941 Armstrong et a1. 138/ 142 MARTENSXTIC STEEL 2,472,320 6/1949 Vennerholm et al. 148/ 16.5 2,544,335 3/1951 Linnert 29/191 [75] Inventors: Jean Montuelle, Bourg-la-Reine; 2,921,377 1/1960 Samuel et a1. Georges Chaudron, Paris; Gerard 3,071,981 1/1963 Kuntzmann Piaard-Legry, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 3,073,015 1/1963 Machtell et a1 all of France 3,093,556 6/1963 Machu et a1 3,148,954 9/1964 H [73] Assignee: Agence Nationale de Valorisation de 3132,1353 1/1966 C221 la Recherche (Anvar), Paris, France 3,240,572 3/1966 Rieden 3,325,259 6/1967 Mayer et a1 [22] 1970 3,343,928 9/1967 Bellis et al. 21 App} 9 237 3,357,868 12/1967 Tanczyn 3,359,083 12/1967 Leichter 3,511,283 5/1970 Iannone 138/143 [30] Foreign Application Priority Data Dec. 19, 1969 France 69.44094 Primary ExaminerWinston A. Douglas Assistant Examiner-O. F. Crutchfield [52] 11.8. C1. 29/183.5 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Larson, Taylor & Hinds [51] Int. Cl. C23c 39/20 [58] Field 0188811211.... 148/34, 39; 57 ABSTRACT The material is constituted by a regular alternation of 56] References Cited relatively thick layers of martensitic structure and UNITED STATES PATENTS thinner layers of austemtic structure. The product is useful for sheet metal exposed to the action of hydro- 2,048,276 7/1936 Marlies et a1. 29/195 A gen. 2,133,293 10/1938 Gordon 29/187.5 X 2,226,403 12/1940 Hopkins 148/34 X 10 Claims, 3 Drawing; Figures P\\\ \\\\\\\\r\\\\\\ W if {1 K14.
W y ////y k\\ A METALLIC MATERIALS BASED ON MARTENSITIC STEEL The invention relates to metallic materials based on martensitic steel, i.e., metallic materials constituted of a major portion of a steel of martensitic structure, the expression metallic material being taken here in a very general sense and including both semimanufactured products (sheet metal for example) and more fabricated products which have reached their final form from the industrial point of view (bars or tubes e.g.).
The invention relates also to methods of manufacture of such metallic materials based on martensitic steel.
Before introducing the main feature of the invention and to enable the originality and advantage of this feature to bebetter appreciated, it would be opportune to briefly recall here certain concepts, well known to metallurgists, relating to steels with martensitic structures and to stainlesssteels with austenitic structure.
Steels with martensitic structure, especially maraging" steels (generally containing nickel, cobalt and molybdenum, but no chromium), have high mechanical properties (breaking load capable of reaching 230 hec tobars), but, on the other hand, they are subject to corrosion phenomena by external agents and, especially, to the deleterious phenomenon of fragilization by hydrogen.
On the other hand, stainless steels of chrome-nickel, even materials based on a nickel, have, in the austenitic phase, an excellent resistance to corrosion but properties distinctly less, from the mechanical point of view, than the steels of martensitic structure.
There will be appreciated, under these conditions, the advantage which could be offered by a metallic material reconciling the properties (recounted above) of of fundamental researches which have shown that a material constituted of a steel of martensitic structure (especially maraging steel) could, whilst preserving its excellent mechanical qualities, be effectively protected, against corrosion and the risks of fragilization by hydrogen, by a superficial coating constituted by a layer of austenitic structure obtained by diffusion of chromium, the said layer playing the role of a diffusion barrier vis-a-vis the attacking hydrogen agent coming from the outside.
For convenience in the description, such a protective layer of austenitic structure will be denoted below by the expression austenitic layer, whether it relates to a stainless steel (especially chrome-nickel) or to a material based on nickel, even pure nickel.
The metallic material according to the invention is 'a massive ferrous material constituted by a regular alteraverage thickness of the adjacent austenitic layers situated respectively on both sides of the martensitic layer concerned,'the massive metallic material thus constituted having, due to its mixed austeno-martensitic stratified structure with predominance of martensite by weight, on the one hand, high mechanical properties (breaking load greater than hectobars) due to the predominance of the martensitic phase hardenable by intermetallic precipitation, on the other hand, an excellent resistance to corrosion and especially to fragilization by hydrogen, this resistance in depth of the material resulting from the presence of successive diffusion barriers constituted by the austenitic layers, and, on the other hand lastly, the qualities inherent in stratified materials with rigid layers (martensitic layers) separated by ductile layers (austenitic layers. of which the ductility is approximately five times greater than that of the martensitic layers).
The martensitic layers can all have a same thickness and the austenitic layers also a same thickness (less than the preceding one).
But it would also be possible to give various thicknesses to certain at least of the martensitic layers and- /or to certain at least of the austenitic layers, with the reservation only of preserving the preponderance to the martensitic layers.
Thus, for example, it would be advantageous to increase the size of the austenitic layers, playing the role of diffusion barriers, on the side of the face most exposed to the manufactured element if the said element has in effect a face more exposed than the other to attacking agents.
In any case, in the majority of cases, it would be convenient to attribute to each martensitic layer, as already indicated, a thickness equal to at least five times, and preferably of the order of ten times, the average thickness of the two austenitic layers situated on both sides of the martensitic layer concerned.
As for the method according to the invention, it consists, with a view to obtaining the metallic material with alternated martensitic layers and austenitic layers which has just been considered,
in manufacturing first, in a first operation conducted at a temperature comprised between 850 and 1000C and preferably of the order of 900 to 950C, a material with alternated layers of austenitic structure and of non-hardened martensitic structure, the latter layers being preponderant from the weight point of view,
and in then subjecting, the material resulting from this first operation, to a thermal hardening treatment of the martensitic layers, this hardening treatment being preferably of the type of conventional hardening methods for maraging steels (e.g. a treatment for three hours at 480C).
The invention will, in any case, be better understood with the aid of the supplementary description which follows, as well of the accompanying drawing, which supplement and drawing are given purely by way of illustrative but non-limiting example of the methods of application and of the preferred embodiments.
FIG. 1 shows, in section with parts removed and with a considerable enlargement, a stratified composite sheet metal according to the invention.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show, under the same conditions as FIG. 1, a stratified composite bar and tube according to the invention.
The compositesheet metal illustrated in H0. 1 is formed of alternatedlayers of martensite M and austenite A. All the layers 'M have a same thickness E and all the layers A a same thickness e at least five times less than E and, preferably, of the order of one tenth of E.
ble to manufacture such a composite sheet metal,
by welding edge to edge, e.g., in an oven with electronic bombardement, the constituent elements of an alternated stack of thin sheets of stainless steel containing nickel (even thin sheets of nickel) and of thicker sheet metal of maraging steel,
and then proceeding, at a temperature of 900 to 950C, with a co-rolling of the stratified blank thus obtained, in order to obtain anchoring of the said leaves and sheets through their surfaces in contact, in the course of hot colaminating, the ratio of thicknesses of the two types of layers remaining constant,
and making the composite sheet metal thus obtained undergo a hardening treatment of the martensitic layers, e.g. by heating for three hours at 480C.
According to a variation, a composite sheet metal according to the invention can be obtained from a simple stack of sheets of maraging steel having a layer of nickel on their two faces.
In any case, the outer surfaces of the sheet metal are preferably formed by austenitic layers, i.e., by the lay-- ers more adapted to resisting corrosion.
FIG. 2 shows a bar or rod formed of alternated coaxial layers of martensite M and austenite A, the martensite being predominant from the weight point of view and the respective thicknesses E and e of the layers M and A being advantageously able to satisfy the dimensional criteria explained previously, in a general form, relative to the abovesaid thicknesses.
Such a bar could be used for the reinforcement of concrete and, whatever its application, it would be advantageous to make it include an austenitic outer layer Al in order to protect it against corrosion by environmental agents.
FIG. 3 finally, shows a tube formed of alternated coaxial layers of martensite M and of austenite A, the respective thicknesses E and e of the said layers being able, this time again, to satisfy the abovesaid dimensional criteria.
Such tube could be suitable for channeling gas or destructive liquids under pressure and it would then be advantageous to make it include an inner wall A0 of austenitic structure, its outer wall Al being also able to be austenitic, especially if there is risk of destruction from the outside.
In a general way, the fields of application of the composite elements according to the invention are multiple and there can be mentioned, especially, the fields of aerospace technology and of chemical and nuclear engineering.
We claim:
1. Massive ferrous metallic material having high me chanical strength and resistance in depth of the material to hydrogen embrittlement consisting essentially of a regular alternation of a plurality of layers of martensitic steel and of layers of austenitic structure having a resistance to corrosion higher and a mechanical resistance lower than those of said martensitic steel, the thickness of each martensitic layer being of a magnitude equal to at least five times the average thickness of the adjacent austenitic layers situated respectively on both sides of the martensitic layer concerned.
2. Massive ferrous metallic material according to claim 1 wherein the outer surface thereof comprises a layer of said austenitic structure.
3. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein said magnitude is about ten times.
4. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein each of the martensitic layers have the same thickness and .each of the austenitic layers have the same thickness.
5. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein the martensitic layers have different thicknesses, and the austenitic layers have different thicknesses.
6. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein said material is a metal sheet with parallel layers.
7. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein said material is a bar with coaxial layers.
8. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein said material is a tube with coaxial layers.
9. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the martensitic layers is between 1000 and 50 microns and the thickness of the austenitic layers is between and 10 microns.
10. Iron base material according to claim 1, wherein said layers of austenitic structure are of a material selected from the group consisting of Cr. Ni. austenitic steels, nickel and nickel-base alloys.

Claims (10)

1. MASSIVE FERROUS METALLIC MATERIAL HAVING HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND RESISTANCE IN DEPTH OF THE MATERIAL TO HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A REGULAR ALTERNATION OF A PLURALITY OF LAYERS OF MARTENSITIC STEEL AND OF LAYERS AUSTENITIC STRUCTURE HAVING A RESISTANCE TO CORROSION HIGHER AND A MECHANICAL RESISTANCE LOWER THAN THOSE OF SAID MARTENSIC
2. Massive ferrous metallic material according to claim 1 wherein the outer surface thereof comprises a layer of said austenitic Structure.
3. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein said magnitude is about ten times.
4. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein each of the martensitic layers have the same thickness and each of the austenitic layers have the same thickness.
5. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein the martensitic layers have different thicknesses, and the austenitic layers have different thicknesses.
6. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein said material is a metal sheet with parallel layers.
7. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein said material is a bar with coaxial layers.
8. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein said material is a tube with coaxial layers.
9. Metallic material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the martensitic layers is between 1000 and 50 microns and the thickness of the austenitic layers is between 100 and 10 microns.
10. Iron base material according to claim 1, wherein said layers of austenitic structure are of a material selected from the group consisting of Cr. Ni. austenitic steels, nickel and nickel-base alloys.
US00098237A 1969-12-19 1970-12-15 Metallic materials based on martensitic steel Expired - Lifetime US3849079A (en)

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US4819471A (en) * 1986-10-31 1989-04-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Pilger die for tubing production
US20110250465A1 (en) * 2008-09-26 2011-10-13 Andrei Evgenievich Rozen Multilayer material with enhanced corrosion resistance (variants) and methods for preparing same
US8221898B2 (en) 2007-05-10 2012-07-17 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Multi-layered composite part made of steel having optimized paint adhesion
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WO1982003598A1 (en) * 1981-04-10 1982-10-28 Genrikh Vasilevich Novozhilov Construction material
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DE3668834D1 (en) * 1986-02-21 1990-03-15 Mannesmann Ag TWO LAYER CORROSION-RESISTANT TUBE OR THE LIKE CONTAINER.
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE364523B (en) 1974-02-25
FR2069985A1 (en) 1971-09-10
DE2062552A1 (en) 1971-09-02
DE2062552B2 (en) 1972-11-09
GB1320239A (en) 1973-06-13
JPS5138667B1 (en) 1976-10-22
FR2069985B1 (en) 1973-12-21

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