CN111760909B - High-speed impact resistant multilayer metal composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-speed impact resistant multilayer metal composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111760909B CN111760909B CN201910259905.3A CN201910259905A CN111760909B CN 111760909 B CN111760909 B CN 111760909B CN 201910259905 A CN201910259905 A CN 201910259905A CN 111760909 B CN111760909 B CN 111760909B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/386—Plates
Abstract
The invention aims to provide a multi-layer steel-metal composite material with strong design and excellent high-speed impact resistance and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: selecting composite material component materials and designing a structure; pretreatment of the base material: mechanically polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of the base material plate; vacuum hot pressing: putting the components into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace for hot pressing; hot rolling the plate after vacuum hot pressing; directly carrying out multi-pass cold rolling on the hot-rolled composite plate to finally obtain a multi-layer steel composite material with good surface quality and excellent penetration resistance; and finally, carrying out heat treatment on the composite material. The composite material has excellent high-speed impact resistance, no oxide, hole, micro crack, no combination and other defects in the interface, and excellent surface quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials and preparation thereof, and relates to a multilayer metal composite material with excellent high-speed impact resistance and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a multilayer steel composite material with strong structural design, great difference of component mechanical properties and multilayer structure, wherein the composite material is mainly used in the protection field, such as armors of automobiles, tanks, naval vessels and the like, explosion doors, ammunition hangar doors and the like.
Background
With the continuous development of special equipment, especially protective armor, higher requirements are put on protective armor materials or components: light weight and maneuverability. The prior protective armor mainly comprises homogeneous armor and composite armor. Homogeneous armor is composed of a single metal or alloy material, and early armor mostly uses the material as protective armor, and with the continuous improvement of the penetration and armor breaking capability of a striking firearm, the protective measure only depending on the thickness of the armor cannot adapt to the requirements and development of the current technology. The composite armor is a non-homogeneous armor formed by two or more materials through bonding or press working and other processes according to a certain proportion. The composite armor can effectively integrate physical and mechanical properties of different component materials, thereby achieving the purpose of improving defense capacity.
In the whole high-speed impact and penetration process, the protective armor is required to bear extremely high load and local high-temperature softening, resist the adverse effect caused by shock waves, maintain the structural stability and even be capable of bearing repeated striking for many times. Among the existing protective materials, ceramics are applied to some protective armors due to the advantages of high hardness, high strength, high modulus, high melting point, low density and the like. However, ceramic is brittle and prone to low tensile stress instability due to its intrinsic properties, i.e., once failure occurs, it will collapse and fail to withstand secondary blows. In addition, the prior preparation process of the ceramic is complex, and the cost is high, so that the ceramic becomes huge resistance which restricts the further application of the ceramic.
The ultra-high strength martensitic steel is widely applied to the aerospace field due to extremely high strength and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. The strength of the present ultra-high strength maraging steel can reach 3.5GPa at most, and meanwhile, because of special chemical components, recrystallization is difficult to occur at high temperature, and the mechanical property of the ultra-high strength maraging steel at high temperature can be ensured. Compared with ceramics, the strength is relatively low, but the performances of ductility, toughness and tensile stress instability are far higher than those of ceramics. And the continuity of the steel is good, the phenomenon of large-area collapse cannot occur after local instability, and the secondary striking can be continuously borne. In addition, the preparation and processing technology of steel is mature, and the cost can be well controlled.
The protective material is not only subjected to high loads during high speed impacts, but also to the effects of shock waves. A single material may not be effective in delaying the occurrence of a shock wave peak or in attenuating a shock wave. The multi-interface structure can greatly attenuate the stress wave as a result of the reflection and scattering effects of the internal interface of the material on the stress wave, thereby weakening the influence of the stress wave. Meanwhile, the strong bonding interface can also block, passivate and delay the propagation of cracks, and the stability of the whole structure of the protective material can be better ensured.
Therefore, by combining the characteristics of the multilayer composite material and utilizing the unique performance and preparation process advantages of each component of the composite material, the invention provides the composite material with multiple interfaces, good interface combination and excellent penetration resistance and impact resistance and the preparation method thereof, thereby solving the technical problems in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a composite material with multiple interfaces, good interface combination and excellent high-speed impact resistance and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-speed impact resistant multilayer metal composite material is characterized in that: the composite material is of a multilayer structure and consists of high-strength high-toughness maraging steel and commercial austenitic stainless steel, the two materials are sequentially stacked, and the outermost layer of the composite material is the high-strength high-toughness maraging steel; the thickness of the composite material is 2-8 mm, and the thickness of the component can be adjusted according to the working condition.
As a preferred technical scheme: the multilayer metal composite material is composed of two materials with great difference in mechanical properties, the composite material is of a multilayer structure and is arranged in a structure with hard outside and tough inside, and the thickness of each component can be adjusted according to working conditions. The maraging steel is preferably 18Ni (250 grade), 18Ni (300 grade), 18Ni (350 grade) or 18Ni (400 grade), and the commercial austenitic stainless steel is preferably 304, 304L, 316 or 316L.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-speed impact resistant multilayer metal composite material, which is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:
1) and pretreatment of the base material: mechanically polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of a parent metal plate with the thickness of 2 mm; the parent metal is maraging steel and commercial austenitic stainless steel, and the material, thickness and layer number of the two plates can be adjusted according to actual conditions;
2) sequentially stacking the two base metal plates together, and putting the base metal plates into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace for hot-pressing treatment to obtain a composite plate;
3) hot rolling the plate subjected to vacuum hot pressing;
4) directly carrying out multi-pass cold rolling on the hot-rolled composite plate to finally obtain a multi-layer metal composite material with good surface quality and excellent high-speed impact resistance;
5) and carrying out heat treatment on the composite material.
As a preferred technical scheme:
and 2) putting the stacked plates into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace for hot pressing, vacuumizing, applying 10-30MPa of pressure, heating to 1000-1200 ℃, keeping the temperature at 10-20 ℃/s for 15-30 min, and taking out after cooling.
In step 2), vacuumizing to make the vacuum degree reach 10-2~10-4Torr。
In the step 3), the hot rolling initial rolling temperature is 1200 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 1000 ℃, and air cooling is carried out.
The invention has the substantive characteristics and beneficial effects that:
(1) on the basis of fully utilizing the characteristics of extremely high strength and excellent comprehensive performance of the ultrahigh-strength maraging steel, a strongly-combined multilayer interface structure is introduced. Thus, the impact hammer can overcome the action of high load, reduce the harmful effect of shock waves, bear secondary striking, block, passivate and delay the expansion of cracks, and keep the integrity of the whole structure.
(2) On the basis of giving full play to the respective specific properties of the components, two metal materials with great difference in mechanical properties are selected as parent materials, and a special preparation process is combined to prepare the composite material which has excellent high-speed impact resistance, has no defects of oxides, holes, microcracks, uncombined surfaces and the like on the interface and has excellent surface quality, thereby laying the foundation for preparing the high-performance protective armor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a stacking pattern of the components of the composite board.
FIG. 2 shows the interface (50 times) of 11 layers of composite boards with a thickness of 2 mm.
FIG. 3 shows a 2mm thick, 11-ply composite sheet interface (200 times).
FIG. 4 shows a 2mm thick, 11 layers of composite sheet material having a strain rate of 103s-1Stress strain curve of (a).
FIG. 5 is a 2mm thick, 9 layer interface composite panel (50 times).
FIG. 6 is a 2mm thick, 9 layer interface composite panel (100 times).
FIG. 7 shows a 2mm thick, 9 layers of composite plate with a strain rate of 103s-1Stress strain curve of (a).
Detailed Description
Example 1
A layer of laminated metal composite material strip with the thickness of 2mm and 11 layers is prepared by the following steps:
the mechanical properties of 2 mm-thick maraging steels 18Ni (350) and 316L (annealed) sheet with a tensile strength of 1200MPa (solid solution) as the starting blank are shown in Table 1. Mechanically polishing and cleaning the plate;
the blanks were stacked as in figure 1 (maraging steel for the light part and 316L stainless steel for the dark part) and placed in a vacuum autoclave evacuated to 10 deg.f-3Torr；
Heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/S, applying pressure until 30MPa, maintaining the pressure for 15min, unloading, cooling and taking out the blank;
hot rolling the blank at the rolling speed of 1m/min, the initial rolling temperature of 1200 ℃, the final rolling temperature of 1000 ℃, and air cooling to obtain a final hot rolled plate with the size of 5 mm;
and (3) carrying out multi-pass cold rolling on the hot rolled plate to obtain the final thickness of 2 mm.
Carrying out heat treatment on the rolled blank, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: 820 ℃/30min (air cooling) +500 ℃/4h (air cooling), thus obtaining the high-strength maraging steel/austenitic stainless steel laminated metal composite plate, the interface of which is shown in figures 2 and 3.
It can be seen from fig. 2 and 3 that the interface is relatively flat, no obvious defect is present at the interface, and the surface quality is good.
FIG. 4 shows the Hopkinson pressure bar of the 11 layers of composite boardsAs a result of the experiment, the strain rate was 103s-1The tensile strength can reach 1820MPa, and the elongation can reach more than 20%.
Example 2
A9-layer laminated metal composite strip with the thickness of 2mm is prepared by the following steps:
the mechanical properties of 2 mm-thick maraging steels 18Ni (350) and 316L (annealed) sheet with a tensile strength of 1200MPa (solid solution) as the starting blank are shown in Table 1. Mechanically polishing and cleaning the plate;
the blanks were stacked as in fig. 1 and placed in a vacuum autoclave evacuated to 10 deg.f-3Torr；
Heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/S, applying pressure until 30MPa, maintaining the pressure for 15min, unloading, cooling and taking out the blank;
hot rolling the blank at the rolling speed of 1m/min, the initial rolling temperature of 1200 ℃, the final rolling temperature of 1000 ℃, and air cooling to obtain a final hot rolled plate with the size of 5 mm;
the hot rolled plate was cold rolled in multiple passes to a final thickness of 2 mm.
Carrying out heat treatment on the rolled blank, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: 820 ℃/30min (air cooling) +500 ℃/4h (air cooling), thus obtaining the high-strength maraging steel/austenitic stainless steel layered metal composite material, the interface of which is shown in fig. 5 and 6.
It can be seen from fig. 5 and 6 that the interface is relatively flat, no obvious defect is present at the interface, and the surface quality is good.
FIG. 7 shows the results of the Hopkinson pressure bar test for stretching the 9-layer composite board, wherein the strain rate is 103s-1The tensile strength can reach 1750MPa, and the elongation can reach more than 25%.
Example 3
A11-layer composite material was prepared by selecting 18Ni (400) in a solid solution state and 304L in an annealed state as a base material of the multilayer composite material, and the preparation method was the same as in example 1. The obtained 18Ni (400)/304L multilayer composite material has clear and straight interface, no obvious macroscopic defect, plate shape and surfaceThe quality is good. Warp 103s-1The Hopkinson pressure bar is impacted at a high speed, the tensile strength can reach 1950MPa, and the elongation can reach more than 20%.
Example 4
A9-layer composite was prepared by selecting 18Ni (250) in a solid solution state and 316L in an annealed state as a base material of the multilayer composite, and the preparation method was the same as in example 2. The interface of the finally obtained 18Ni (250)/316L multilayer composite material is straight and clear, has no obvious macroscopic defect, and has good plate shape and surface quality. Warp 103s-1The Hopkinson pressure bar is impacted at a high speed, the tensile strength of the Hopkinson pressure bar can reach 1550MPa, and the elongation of the Hopkinson pressure bar can reach more than 40%.
The composite material prepared by the embodiment has excellent high-speed impact resistance, no defects of oxides, holes, microcracks, uncombined surfaces and the like, has excellent surface quality, and can be applied to the preparation of high-performance protective armors.
TABLE 1 original blank mechanical Properties
| Yield strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | |
| CM350 (solid solution) | 800 | 1200 | 30 |
| 316L (annealed state) | 300 | 600 | 60 |
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high-speed impact resistant multilayer metal composite material is characterized in that: the composite material is of a multilayer structure and is composed of two materials, namely high-strength high-toughness maraging steel and commercial austenitic stainless steel, the two materials are sequentially stacked, and the outermost layer of the composite material is the high-strength high-toughness maraging steel;
the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
1) and pretreatment of the base material: mechanically polishing, cleaning and drying the surface of a parent metal plate with the thickness of 2 mm; the parent metal is maraging steel and commercial austenitic stainless steel;
2) sequentially stacking the two base metal plates together, and putting the base metal plates into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace for hot-pressing treatment to obtain a composite plate;
3) hot rolling the plate subjected to vacuum hot pressing;
4) directly carrying out multi-pass cold rolling on the hot-rolled composite plate to finally obtain a multi-layer metal composite material;
5) and carrying out heat treatment on the composite material.
2. The high-velocity impact resistant multilayer metal composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the composite material is 2-8 mm.
3. The high-velocity impact resistant multilayer metal composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the maraging steel is 18Ni (250), 18Ni (300), 18Ni (350), or 18Ni (400), and the commercial austenitic stainless steel is 304, 304L, 316, or 316L.
4. The high-velocity impact resistant multilayer metal composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and 2) putting the stacked plates into a vacuum hot-pressing furnace for hot pressing, vacuumizing, applying 10-30MPa of pressure, heating to 1000-1200 ℃, keeping the temperature at 10-20 ℃/s for 15-30 min, and taking out after cooling.
5. The high-velocity impact resistant multilayer metal composite as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in step 2), vacuumizing to make the vacuum degree reach 10-2~10-4Torr。
6. The high-velocity impact resistant multilayer metal composite as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the step 3), the hot rolling initial rolling temperature is 1200 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 1000 ℃, and air cooling is carried out.
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| CN108555039A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-21 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Copper/steel layer shape composite material and preparation method thereof and the composite material being prepared |
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- 2019-04-02 CN CN201910259905.3A patent/CN111760909B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE2004277A1 (en) * | 1969-01-31 | 1970-08-13 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company, Wilmington, Del. (V.St.A.) | Multi-layer composite workpiece of dissimilar metals |
| GB1320239A (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1973-06-13 | Anvar | Metallic materials based on martensitic steel and methods for their manufacture |
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