US3848335A - Orthodontic appliance having cooperation detection capability - Google Patents

Orthodontic appliance having cooperation detection capability Download PDF

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Publication number
US3848335A
US3848335A US00436701A US43670174A US3848335A US 3848335 A US3848335 A US 3848335A US 00436701 A US00436701 A US 00436701A US 43670174 A US43670174 A US 43670174A US 3848335 A US3848335 A US 3848335A
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United States
Prior art keywords
polyvinyl chloride
blush
positioner
appliance
patient
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00436701A
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English (en)
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E Bergersen
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US00436701A priority Critical patent/US3848335A/en
Priority to CA210,932A priority patent/CA1082499A/fr
Priority to JP49118305A priority patent/JPS582700B2/ja
Priority to AU74378/74A priority patent/AU488394B2/en
Priority to FR7437980A priority patent/FR2258829B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3848335A publication Critical patent/US3848335A/en
Priority to GB51217/74A priority patent/GB1496168A/en
Priority to DE2502432A priority patent/DE2502432C2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/08—Mouthpiece-type retainers or positioners, e.g. for both the lower and upper arch

Definitions

  • the positioner is made of polyvinyl chloride, a proportion of which is water-blush polyvinyl chloride.
  • the proportion of water-blush and non-blush polyvinyl chloride will depend on many factors. Many different proportions will give good results but in one preferred embodiment a proportion of 50 percent water-blush to 50 percent non-blush polyvinyl chloride was used.
  • This embodiment has the property of being transparent under normal room conditions and then at least to some extent transparent upon maximum use, still permitting the orthodontist to view the teeth within the orthodontic appliance when in use.
  • the invention further includes a method for detectmaking or/and selecting an orthodontic appliance such as a positioner of a material which changes its visual appearance such as by increasing its opacity in proportion tothe time used and then observing the appearance of the positioner after alleged use to determine whether or not the positioner was in fact used as directed.
  • an orthodontic appliance such as a positioner of a material which changes its visual appearance such as by increasing its opacity in proportion tothe time used and then observing the appearance of the positioner after alleged use to determine whether or not the positioner was in fact used as directed.
  • Another object of this invention to provide a method for detecting patient cooperation.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational fragmentary view of a human mouth with maloccluded teeth.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view, partially in full outline. and partially in dotted outline. showing generally the superior surface of a prefabricated tooth positioner which could include the features of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary section view through a human mouth in the area of the central incisors showing the tooth retainer in place.
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary section view through the human mouth in the area of the bicuspids showing the tooth retainer in place.
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary section view of the human mouth in the molar area showing the tooth retainer in place.
  • FIG. 6 is a photograph showing in front perspective view the tooth positioner of FIGS. 1 through 5, this figure also illustrating the essentially transparent nature of the positioner.
  • FIGS. 7 through 9 are photographs showing the positioner of FIGS. 1 through 6 in front elevational view at three different stages of opacity which represent different stages of use of the positioner of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a view of a human mouth 10 wherein the teeth 12 are obviously in need of correction by orthodontic devices or the like.
  • Maxillary molars 12a and 12b are in an end-to-end relationship to their mandibular antagonists 12c and 12d and the upper incisors are generally protrusive and rotated in relation to the lower incisors.
  • Conventional orthodontic devices such as bands and the like, may be used for initially straightening the teeth of a mouth such as shown in FIG. I to bring the teeth to a predetermined position of proper or close to proper occulusion. To bring the teeth into a final position of desired orientation in the mouth, a
  • tooth positioning retainer 20 such as shown in FIG. 2,
  • Retainer 20 is generally U-shaped in plan 3 so as to conform to typical human mouth configuration and is generally vI-I-shaped in cross section providing an upper or superior tooth receiving trough 22 and a lower or inferior tooth receiving trough 24.
  • the sides of troughs 22 and 24 are bounded by a lingual flange 26 which covers the rear of the teeth of the upper and lower arch and a labial and buccal flange 28 which covers the front of the teeth of both arches.
  • Both the superior and inferior tooth receiving surfaces 22 and 24 are provided with a plurality of tooth receiving depressions or sockets, such as 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 223, and 22f, of different configurations for receiving the different teeth of the mouth from the central incisors through the cuspids and bicuspids, into the first molar, and half of the second molar area.
  • the positioner can of course be made having only an upper trough 22 or only a lower trough 24.
  • the upper lingual flange 30, which secures the lingual cingulum areas of the upper anterior teeth and lingual surfaces of the lingual cusps of the upper posterior teeth, includes an inwardly directed rib 31 and covers a portion of the upper lingual gingival area 32, and the lower lingual flange 34 generally embraces the cingulum area of the lower anterior teeth and the lingual surface of the lingual cusps of the lower posterior teeth and includes an inwardly directed rib 35.
  • This flange also extends over a portion of the lower lingual gingival tissue 36.
  • the lower labial and buccal flange 38 which covers the labial and buccal surfaces of the lower anterior and posterior teeth includes an inwardly directed rib 39 and also extends over a portion of the lower labial and buccal gingival tissue 40 and the upper labial and buccal flange 42 has an inwardly directed rib 43 and covers the entire labial and buccal surfaces of the upper ante- .rnold, the ribs would be so formed. However, it isnot intended that notches would be formed in the teeth of a patientbut rather these ribs would generally fit in the reduced area of the teeth adjacent the juncture of the teeth and the gingival tissue.
  • These ribs provide a means for holding the retainer in place in a patients mouth without the need for auxiliary fastening devices or the like. These ribs also aid in retention of torgue of the anterior teeth by placing pressure apically in the gingival third of the labial surface while maintaining the incisal edge in a stable position as the fulcrum.
  • the various pockets (such as 22a and 22b) in the retainer for the upper and lower-teeth are made so that the teeth are snugly embraced by the retainer.
  • the isthmus 46 which joins the lingual and buccal or labial halves of the positioner is generally thin, though it differs in dimension between the posterior region and anterior region so as to resemble the normal relaxed clearance between the teeth with the exception that the isthmus is slightly thinner in the posterior region. This enables all the occlusal and incisal surfaces of the teeth to be in contact with the positioner at the same time when occlusal pressure is applied. Any change which might be made would be to increase the thickness of the isthmus in the anterior region to enable a corrected anterior vertical overbite to be effectively retained.
  • the tooth positioner out of a semi-resilient plastic transparent material.
  • the transparency enables the dental practitioner to actually see where the tooth movement will take place by observing blanching oftissue around the teeth and also enables him to detect potential soft tissue sore spots due to abnormal impingement of the flanges of the tooth positioner.
  • FIG. 6 A perspective photograph of an essentially transparent positioner is shown in FIG. 6. It will be noted that the upper and lower flanges A are thinner in the horizontal or lingual-labial"- direction than is the thicker isthmus portion 46 which is denoted by the letter B in FIG. 3.
  • the present invention is concerned in particular with a specific problem facing the orthodontist, namely the problem of obtaining the full cooperation of the patient.
  • a patient. having been instructed to wear a positioner for certain periods of time each day will return to the orthodontists offlce at which time the orthodontist will observe that the progress in terms of movement of teeth has not been satisfactory.
  • the orthodontic appliance which may be any one of a large number of available appliances but for the present discussion is taken to be the above described positioner is formed of a material such that undernormal conditions it is essentially transparent as described above and as noted in FIG. 4, but wherein the positioner has the characteristic of changing opacity in proportion to the time that the positioner is in the mouth.
  • the orthodontist can then simply visually inspect the positioner to determine whether or not the patient has in fact been using the positioner.
  • FIG. 7 shows a photograph illustrating the positioner of FIG. 6 in front elevation view, this positioner being essentially transparent just like that of FIG. 6.
  • the present invention was dewater-blush PVC.
  • PVC dewater-blush
  • the positioner was made by mixing together a proportion of water-blush PVC and a portion of non-water-blush PVC. 1 have tried many different proportions from less than 5 percent water-blush PVC up to nearly 100 percent waterblush PVC (the remainder in each case being nonblush PVC). Almost all combinations of water-blush andnon-blush would-be operablein the sense that as long as they contained some water-blush PVC they would increase opacity to some extent. The actual percentage might depend in large part on the amount of opacity the orthodontist desired as an indication of full cooperation. Other factors would also be considered in determining the proportions of water-blush and nonblush.
  • the proportion should preferably be selected so as to retain at least some transparency as a diagnostic aid even during full cooperation.
  • the proportions should of course be selected with direct reference to the period of time that is is contemplated the patient will be instructed to wear the positioner. That is, the proportions should be chosen such that after the correct time of wear, the positioner will'have a high level of opacity consistent with the need for a certain degree of transparency.
  • this positioner is such that when placed again into normal room conditions away from the said high moisture conditions. for example when left out of the mouth, the moisture will evaporate and the positioner will return to its essentially transparent condition in FlGS. 6 and 7. This can also be used as a diagnostic too. If the orthodontist is aware that the positioner has not been used for several days. if it appears in FIG. 8 he will nonetheless know that the patient has worn the positioner for certain periods of time.
  • An orthodontic appliance for use in the positioning of teeth, said appliance formed of a material which is normally essentially transparent under normal room conditions and which increases in opacity by absorption of moisture when placed in a patients mouth for a predetermined period of time.
  • An orthodontic appliance according to claim 2 said appliance being formed of a material consisting of between 25 percent and percent water'blush polyvinyl chloride, the remainder being non-water-blush polyvinyl chloride.
  • An orthodontic appliance according to claim 3 said appliance being formed of a material consisting of approximately 50 percent water-blush polyvinyl chloride and approximately 50 percent non-water-blush polyvinyl chloride.
  • An orthodontic appliance being a tooth positioner which is generally U-shaped in plan and has a tooth receiving trough generally of a size and shape for reception of teeth of a patient, said trough being defined by lingual and labial-buccal flanges and having tooth receiving depressions, the flanges being thinner in the lingual to labial direction than the central portion of the positioner, whereby said flanges increase in opacity at a faster rate than the thicker central portion and wherein the flanges also return from a relatively opaque state back to the essentially transparent state at a faster rate than the central portion when the positioner is removed from the mouth.
  • a method of detecting cooperation of an orthodontic patient in the wearing of an orthodontic appliance comprising the step of:
  • an orthodontic appliance of a material which is normally essentially transparent under room conditions and which becomes at least parb tially opaque when subjected to a sufficient quantity of moisture at body temperature such as when placed in a patients mouth, such that the degree of transparency of the appliance reduces upon wear in a patients mouth,
  • the method of claim 6, including the step of forming the dental appliance of a mixture of waterblush polyvinyl chloride and non-water-blush polyvinyl chloride.
  • the method of claim 6, including the step of subjecting the appliance to use in position for positioning teeth within a patients mouth for a specified period of time, wherein the opacity of the appliance will increase by an amount dependent on the period of time that the appliance is used in the mouth prior to the said step of observing opacity.
  • a method of detecting whether the patient is cooperating in the wearing ofthe positioner for the said predetermined periods of time comprising the steps of:
  • the positioner of a material which is normally transparent at room conditions but which increases in opacity when subjected to high moisture conditions such as when in a patient's mouth.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)
US00436701A 1974-01-25 1974-01-25 Orthodontic appliance having cooperation detection capability Expired - Lifetime US3848335A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00436701A US3848335A (en) 1974-01-25 1974-01-25 Orthodontic appliance having cooperation detection capability
CA210,932A CA1082499A (fr) 1974-01-25 1974-10-07 Appareil d'orthodontie dote d'un dispositif de detection de la collaboration du client
JP49118305A JPS582700B2 (ja) 1974-01-25 1974-10-16 キヨウドウスルケンチノウリヨクオユウスル シレツキヨウセイキグト ソノシヨウホウホウ
AU74378/74A AU488394B2 (en) 1974-01-25 1974-10-16 Orthodontic appliance having cooperation detection capability
FR7437980A FR2258829B1 (fr) 1974-01-25 1974-11-18
GB51217/74A GB1496168A (en) 1974-01-25 1974-11-26 Orthodontic appliance
DE2502432A DE2502432C2 (de) 1974-01-25 1975-01-22 Kieferorthopädisches Behandlungsgerät

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00436701A US3848335A (en) 1974-01-25 1974-01-25 Orthodontic appliance having cooperation detection capability

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US3848335A true US3848335A (en) 1974-11-19

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US00436701A Expired - Lifetime US3848335A (en) 1974-01-25 1974-01-25 Orthodontic appliance having cooperation detection capability

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US (1) US3848335A (fr)
JP (1) JPS582700B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1082499A (fr)
DE (1) DE2502432C2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2258829B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1496168A (fr)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3939598A (en) * 1975-01-23 1976-02-24 Bergersen Earl Olaf Orthodontic positioner with overbite or open bite correcting or relapse inhibiting capability
US4457708A (en) * 1982-02-08 1984-07-03 Gerald Dufour Mandibular stabilizer
US4775318A (en) * 1986-03-13 1988-10-04 Breslin Daniel V Tooth storage means
US4898535A (en) * 1988-04-11 1990-02-06 Bergersen Earl Olaf Self-opening preformed activator and positioner
WO1991003215A1 (fr) * 1989-09-06 1991-03-21 Christopher John Farrell Prothese orale
US5037294A (en) * 1989-06-30 1991-08-06 Bergersen Earl Olaf Dentition appliance and method of forming
US5190062A (en) * 1991-12-04 1993-03-02 David Rafaeli Personal dental floss holder and method
US5194004A (en) * 1989-06-30 1993-03-16 Bergersen Earl Olaf Method of injection-molding slow release fluoride
US5203695A (en) * 1991-12-20 1993-04-20 Bergersen Earl Olaf Orthodontic device for expansion of arches with imbedded wire
AU656715B2 (en) * 1989-09-06 1995-02-16 Christopher John Farrell An oral appliance
US5876199A (en) * 1997-08-28 1999-03-02 Ortho-Tain, Inc. Appliance adapted to fit many mouth and tooth sizes for orthodontic correction and other uses
EP1145690A2 (fr) 2000-04-11 2001-10-17 Ortho-Tain Inc. Dispositif orthodontique à ouverture automatique avec dispositif d'aide
EP1146832A1 (fr) * 1998-11-30 2001-10-24 Align Technology, Inc. Systeme et procede de separation d'articles de mise en place de dents
US20040123535A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2004-07-01 Hamid Hojaji Large high density foam glass tile composite
US20050019542A1 (en) * 2003-07-22 2005-01-27 Hamid Hojaji Strong, high density foam glass tile having a small pore size
US6941952B1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2005-09-13 Rush, Iii Gus A. Athletic mouthpiece capable of sensing linear and rotational forces and protective headgear for use with the same
US20060084030A1 (en) * 2003-02-26 2006-04-20 Align Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for fabricating a dental template
US20090035714A1 (en) * 2000-09-21 2009-02-05 Eric Kuo Methods and systems for concurrent tooth repositioning and substance delivery
US7695560B1 (en) 2005-12-01 2010-04-13 Buarque De Macedo Pedro M Strong, lower density composite concrete building material with foam glass aggregate
US8075309B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2011-12-13 Align Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for intra-oral drug delivery
US8453401B2 (en) 2003-07-22 2013-06-04 Pedro M. Buarque de Macedo Prestressed, strong foam glass tiles
US20140363781A1 (en) * 2007-08-29 2014-12-11 Christopher John Farrell Orthodontic Appliance
CN110840588A (zh) * 2019-11-28 2020-02-28 上海正雅齿科科技股份有限公司 一种壳状牙齿矫治器佩戴方案的生成系统及生成方法
WO2020057181A1 (fr) * 2018-09-18 2020-03-26 无锡时代天使医疗器械科技有限公司 Instrument dentaire ayant un indicateur
US10842601B2 (en) 2008-06-12 2020-11-24 Align Technology, Inc. Dental appliance
US11253340B2 (en) * 2019-05-20 2022-02-22 Marc Lemchen Method of self determining the degree of fit of an orthodontic aligner by a patient with the patient's teeth
US11559374B2 (en) 2004-09-24 2023-01-24 Align Technology, Inc. Release agent receptacle

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60159397U (ja) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-23 クラリオン株式会社 操作用ツマミ
JPS6230189U (fr) * 1985-07-31 1987-02-23
US4830612A (en) * 1987-05-26 1989-05-16 Bergersen Earl Olaf Deciduous dentition treatment appliance and orthodontic method
GB2321194B (en) * 1997-06-19 2001-06-13 Peter John Charlton Indicator for detection of dental deterioration in artificial dentures
JP3611088B2 (ja) * 1999-04-07 2005-01-19 誠 亀田 局部床義歯
CN110840586B (zh) * 2019-11-28 2022-02-15 正雅齿科科技(上海)有限公司 一种牙齿矫治信息追踪方法及追踪系统

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3478742A (en) * 1967-10-23 1969-11-18 Edward H Bohlmann Orthodontic multipurpose repositioner and oral habit conditioner
US3478429A (en) * 1968-05-21 1969-11-18 Douglas J Shilliday Standardized orthodontic tooth-positioning and retaining device

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US2467432A (en) * 1943-07-23 1949-04-19 Harold D Kesling Method of making orthodontic appliances and of positioning teeth
DE1491099A1 (de) * 1964-08-19 1970-02-19 Dr Dr G P F Schmuth Pruefkoerper zur Messung der Verweildauer eines kieferorthopaedischen Apparates im Munde des Patienten

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3478742A (en) * 1967-10-23 1969-11-18 Edward H Bohlmann Orthodontic multipurpose repositioner and oral habit conditioner
US3478429A (en) * 1968-05-21 1969-11-18 Douglas J Shilliday Standardized orthodontic tooth-positioning and retaining device

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3939598A (en) * 1975-01-23 1976-02-24 Bergersen Earl Olaf Orthodontic positioner with overbite or open bite correcting or relapse inhibiting capability
FR2298311A1 (fr) * 1975-01-23 1976-08-20 Bergersen Earl Olaf Appareil de positionnement orthodontique, notamment pour la correction d'une mauvaise occlusion
US4457708A (en) * 1982-02-08 1984-07-03 Gerald Dufour Mandibular stabilizer
US4775318A (en) * 1986-03-13 1988-10-04 Breslin Daniel V Tooth storage means
US4898535A (en) * 1988-04-11 1990-02-06 Bergersen Earl Olaf Self-opening preformed activator and positioner
US5037294A (en) * 1989-06-30 1991-08-06 Bergersen Earl Olaf Dentition appliance and method of forming
US5194004A (en) * 1989-06-30 1993-03-16 Bergersen Earl Olaf Method of injection-molding slow release fluoride
WO1991003215A1 (fr) * 1989-09-06 1991-03-21 Christopher John Farrell Prothese orale
AU656715B2 (en) * 1989-09-06 1995-02-16 Christopher John Farrell An oral appliance
US5190062A (en) * 1991-12-04 1993-03-02 David Rafaeli Personal dental floss holder and method
US5203695A (en) * 1991-12-20 1993-04-20 Bergersen Earl Olaf Orthodontic device for expansion of arches with imbedded wire
US5876199A (en) * 1997-08-28 1999-03-02 Ortho-Tain, Inc. Appliance adapted to fit many mouth and tooth sizes for orthodontic correction and other uses
WO1999009908A1 (fr) 1997-08-28 1999-03-04 Ortho-Tain, Inc. Appareil conçu pour convenir a des personnes ayant differentes tailles de dents et de bouche en vue d'une correction orthodontique ou autres usages
EP1146832A1 (fr) * 1998-11-30 2001-10-24 Align Technology, Inc. Systeme et procede de separation d'articles de mise en place de dents
EP2002797A3 (fr) * 1998-11-30 2009-03-04 Align Technology, Inc. Système et procédé pour libérer des appareils de positionnement de dents
EP1146832A4 (fr) * 1998-11-30 2006-07-12 Align Technology Inc Systeme et procede de separation d'articles de mise en place de dents
US6626664B1 (en) 2000-04-11 2003-09-30 Ortho-Tain, Inc. Self opening orthodontic appliance with opening assistance
EP1145690A2 (fr) 2000-04-11 2001-10-17 Ortho-Tain Inc. Dispositif orthodontique à ouverture automatique avec dispositif d'aide
US7905724B2 (en) * 2000-09-21 2011-03-15 Align Technology, Inc. Methods and systems for concurrent tooth repositioning and substance delivery
US20090035714A1 (en) * 2000-09-21 2009-02-05 Eric Kuo Methods and systems for concurrent tooth repositioning and substance delivery
US20040123535A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2004-07-01 Hamid Hojaji Large high density foam glass tile composite
US20110236636A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2011-09-29 Pedro M. Buarque de Macedo Large high density foam glass tile composite
US8197932B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2012-06-12 Pedro M. Buarque de Macedo Large high density foam glass tile composite
US20060075704A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2006-04-13 Hamid Hojaji Large high density foam glass tile
US7976939B2 (en) * 2002-02-15 2011-07-12 Pedro M. Buarque de Macedo Large high density foam glass tile composite
US9433479B2 (en) 2003-02-26 2016-09-06 Align Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for fabricating a dental template
US8734149B2 (en) 2003-02-26 2014-05-27 Align Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for fabricating a dental template
US9204942B2 (en) 2003-02-26 2015-12-08 Align Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for fabricating a dental template
US20060084030A1 (en) * 2003-02-26 2006-04-20 Align Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for fabricating a dental template
US10874487B2 (en) 2003-02-26 2020-12-29 Align Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for fabricating a dental template
US8496473B2 (en) * 2003-02-26 2013-07-30 Align Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for fabricating a dental template
US20070193153A1 (en) * 2003-07-22 2007-08-23 Hamid Hojaji Strong, high density foam glass tile having a small pore size
US20050019542A1 (en) * 2003-07-22 2005-01-27 Hamid Hojaji Strong, high density foam glass tile having a small pore size
US8453401B2 (en) 2003-07-22 2013-06-04 Pedro M. Buarque de Macedo Prestressed, strong foam glass tiles
US8453400B2 (en) 2003-07-22 2013-06-04 Pedro M. Buarque de Macedo Prestressed, strong foam glass tiles
US8236415B2 (en) 2003-07-22 2012-08-07 Pedro M. Buarque de Macedo Strong, high density foam glass tile
US7311965B2 (en) 2003-07-22 2007-12-25 Pedro M. Buarque de Macedo Strong, high density foam glass tile having a small pore size
US11559374B2 (en) 2004-09-24 2023-01-24 Align Technology, Inc. Release agent receptacle
US8439674B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2013-05-14 Align Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for intra-oral drug delivery
US8075309B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2011-12-13 Align Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for intra-oral drug delivery
US6941952B1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2005-09-13 Rush, Iii Gus A. Athletic mouthpiece capable of sensing linear and rotational forces and protective headgear for use with the same
US7695560B1 (en) 2005-12-01 2010-04-13 Buarque De Macedo Pedro M Strong, lower density composite concrete building material with foam glass aggregate
US20140363781A1 (en) * 2007-08-29 2014-12-11 Christopher John Farrell Orthodontic Appliance
US10842601B2 (en) 2008-06-12 2020-11-24 Align Technology, Inc. Dental appliance
WO2020057181A1 (fr) * 2018-09-18 2020-03-26 无锡时代天使医疗器械科技有限公司 Instrument dentaire ayant un indicateur
US11253340B2 (en) * 2019-05-20 2022-02-22 Marc Lemchen Method of self determining the degree of fit of an orthodontic aligner by a patient with the patient's teeth
CN110840588A (zh) * 2019-11-28 2020-02-28 上海正雅齿科科技股份有限公司 一种壳状牙齿矫治器佩戴方案的生成系统及生成方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS582700B2 (ja) 1983-01-18
JPS50103896A (fr) 1975-08-16
DE2502432C2 (de) 1983-10-13
FR2258829B1 (fr) 1978-03-24
CA1082499A (fr) 1980-07-29
AU7437874A (en) 1976-04-29
GB1496168A (en) 1977-12-30
FR2258829A1 (fr) 1975-08-22
DE2502432A1 (de) 1975-07-31

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