US3845380A - Current stabilizer having a saturable reactor in the mode of forced magnetization - Google Patents

Current stabilizer having a saturable reactor in the mode of forced magnetization Download PDF

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Publication number
US3845380A
US3845380A US00350138A US35013873A US3845380A US 3845380 A US3845380 A US 3845380A US 00350138 A US00350138 A US 00350138A US 35013873 A US35013873 A US 35013873A US 3845380 A US3845380 A US 3845380A
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windings
current
voltage
saturable reactor
load
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US00350138A
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V Lepp
K Sibgatulin
J Cherkasov
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/32—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices
    • G05F1/34—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • G05F1/38—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to controlled load current stabilizers and more specifically. it relates to one of the varieties of parameter stablizers, saturable reactors, operating under forced magnetization conditrons.
  • This type of saturable reactor may be applied in any field of engineering and technology which calls for a constant value of the load current and the adjustment thereof within a wide range. Specifically, it may be used both in a.c. and do. arc welding, constricted are cutting, electric arc remelting, electrolysis. electroplating, electrochemical processing, transmission of electric energy with a constant load in the transmission line, etc.
  • an unbiased saturable reactor comprising control windings and an ac. winding made up by two sections differing in number of turns, which are commutated by high-speed controlled rectifiers, while the section having more turns is connected to the load circuit within an excitation interval, and the section having fewer turns is connected to that circuit within a conduction interval.
  • This prior-art saturable reactor suffers from the following disadvantages: the ripple factor of the load current varies within a wide range, both with a change in the resistance of the load or the voltage of the power line and during an adjustment of the load current the mean value ofthe current remaining unchanged); while being connected to a rectifier bridge with an inductancc filter and a load in the dc. circuit, the operation of the saturable reactor brings about disturbances in the stabilization of the load current; such disturbances in the load or the power line may result in temporary deviations in the means value of the load current.
  • the waveform of the load current thereof being rectangular, thus stabilizing the instantaneous, mean and effective values of the load current. and which also eliminates a current transient caused by disturbances both in the power line and the load (with definite values of disturbances).
  • the present invention resides in that a saturable reactor comprising control windings, separated working current and potential windings and a tap-changer made up by controlled rectifiers and shunting the control windings within a conduction interval, is provided.
  • a line choking coil connected in series with the circuit of the control winding, while an additional line choking coil is connected in series with the load circuit, the working potential windings being connected via a diode between the anode and control electrode of the controlled rectifiers.
  • the saturable reactor When the saturable reactor is used with the sole purpose of stabilizing an alternating current value, it is expedient that it use a differential circuit, i.e., the winding of the line choking coil in the load circuit be provided with a tap in the middle thereof connected in series with the current winding of the saturable reactor, the winding itself being connected between the anode and cathode of the controlled rectifiers.
  • a differential circuit i.e., the winding of the line choking coil in the load circuit be provided with a tap in the middle thereof connected in series with the current winding of the saturable reactor, the winding itself being connected between the anode and cathode of the controlled rectifiers.
  • the controlled rectifiers be connected in a monophase bridge circuit, while the line choking coil is connected to the dc. circuit of the bridge.
  • the controlled rectifiers are connected in a polyphase bridge circuit.
  • the line choking coil in the load circuit is connected to the dc. circuit of the bridge, the number of the working potential windings in the anode-control electrode circuit corresponds to the number of phases, the windings are connected in series aiding, while each core of the saturable reactor is wound with working potential windings connected to the cooperating arms of the bridge, the number of these windings also corresponding to that the phases.
  • the saturable reactor disclosed herein makes it possible to provide universal, with respect to the type of current, controlled current stabilizers of practically unlimited power rating, having excellent characteristics in terms of volume, weight and values of current and voltage amplification factors (10 and 10, respectively), also having a good linear control e aracteristic and marked by the absence of a current transient due to disturbances in the load or the power line, and by the parametric action of stabilization.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a saturable reactor using a differential circuit with separated working windings, in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a saturable reactor using a monophase bridge circuit, in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a saturable reactor using a three-phase bridge circuit, in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph representing waveforms of the supply voltage
  • FIG. 5 is a graph representing time-variable waveforms of the load current
  • FIG. 6 is a graph representing time-variable wavefonns of the voltage across the windings of the line choking coil in the load and control circuits;
  • FIG. 7 is a graph representing waveforms of the voltage across one of the windings of the saturable reactor
  • FIG. 8 is a graph representing waveforms of the volt age across the other winding of the saturable reactor
  • FIG. 9 is a graph representing waveforms of the current through the control electrode of one of the rectifiers.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph representing waveforms of the current through the control electrode of the other rectifier.
  • the saturable reactor with separated working windings shown in FIG. 1 uses a differential circuit and comprises an alternating voltage source I, a tapchanger made up by controlled rectifiers 2 and 3, diodes 4 and 5 connected to the anode-control electrode circuit of the controlled rectifiers 2 and 3 via working potential windings 6 and 7 of the saturable reactor, which are wound on cores 8 and 9, respectively.
  • the central tap of the winding of the line choking coil made up by series-connected sections 10 and H (the points indicate the starts of the windings) is connected to the circuit of current working windings l2 and 13 of the saturable reactor connected in series opposition and of a load 14.
  • Control windings l5 and 16 of the saturable reactor which are connected in series aiding, are placed in series with a winding I7 of-an additional line choking coil and to a direct voltage source 18.
  • the saturable reactor shown in FIG. 2 uses a monophase bridge circuit and comprises an alternating voltage source 19, controlled rectifiers 20, 21, 22 and 23 forming a tap-changer which serves as a bridge rectifier, connected to the direct current circuit whereof is a line choking coil 24.
  • the anode and control electrode of each controlled rectifier are interconnected via working potential windings 25, 26, 27 and 28 of the saturable reactor and diodes 29, 30, 3
  • Working current windings and 36 of the saturable reactor, also wound on the cores 33 and 34, respectively, are inter-connected in series opposition in a load circuit 37.
  • a circuit consisting of a winding 38 of an additional line choking coil and control windings 39 and 40 of the saturable reactor, connected in series aiding, is connecled to a direct voltage source 41.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of a three-phase saturable reactor with separated working windings.
  • the saturable reactor comprises a three-phase power source 42 whose voltage is supplied, via working current windings 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 and 48 of the three-phase saturable reactor wound on cores 49, 50, 51, 52, 53 and 54, respectively, to a three-phase rectifier bridge made up by controlled rectifiers 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 and 60 which form a tapchanger.
  • , 62, 63, 64, and 66 of the saturable reactor are connected in series aiding, while a winding 68 of a line choking coil is connected to the circuit of the control windings 6
  • a winding 93 of a line choking coil and a load 94 Connected in series with the circuit of the threephase bridge are a winding 93 of a line choking coil and a load 94.
  • the saturable'reactors shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 make it possible to stabilize both the direct current through the load and alternating current.
  • the load is connected either to the dc. circuit of the rectifier bridge or to its power supply circuit.
  • the saturable reactor operates as follows.
  • connection of the direct voltage source 18 (FIG. I) to the circuit of the control windings l5 and 16 of the saturable reactor via the winding [7 of the additional line choking coil sets a predetermined value of the control current through the circuit.
  • the cores 8 and 9 of the saturable reactor are saturated.
  • the voltage applied from the source 7 energizes the rectifiers 3 and 2 at the beginning of each alternation of circuits 95 and 96 (FIG. 4).
  • the factor which accounts for a gradual increase in the load current is the line choking coil with the winding
  • the current increasing, the line choking coil stores a growing amount of magnetic energy which ultimately reaches a value equal to m td-ll nn i where W, is the magnetic energy of the line choking coil, L is the inductance value.
  • the saturable reactor maintains the value of the magnetic energy stored by the line choking coil at a stable level due to a parametric phase adjustment by that value of the energy supplied from and to the power line, thus maintaining the current through the load circuit constant and at level preset by the control circuit.
  • the rectifier 3 is conducting with respect to the core 9 (FIG. 1), the core 9 is saturated and shunts the working potential winding 7, the control current from the source 18 passes through the winding 17 of the additional line choking coil and the control windings l5 and 16, the load current 97 (FIG. 5) passes from the alternating voltage source 1 via the rectifier 3, the winding ll of the line choking coil, the current working windings l2 and 13 of the saturable reactor and the load 14.
  • the magnetic charge of the core 8 of the saturable reactor reverses in sense, and a voltage 105 (FIG. 8) is induced in the winding 6, which is equal and opposite to a voltage 100 across the line choking coil (FIG. 6).
  • the voltage 103 (FIG. 7) is equal to zero, the voltage 100 (FIG. 6)
  • a voltage 101 is induced in the line choking coil with the windings 10-11 (FIG. 9) (FIG. 9) through the winding 6, diode 4 and the control electrode of the rectifier 2 (FIG. I); the rectifier 2 is energized, the voltage 95 of the power line (FIG. 4) is at the moment rectified therefor and the rectifier 3 (FIG. 1) is de-energized and shunts the working potential winding 6.
  • the load 14 is traversed by the current 98 of reverse polarity (FIG. 5).
  • the core 8 remains saturated, the magnetic charge of the core 9 reverses in sense, being shifted by the control ampere-turns of a constant value.
  • a voltage 101 is induced in the line choking coil with the windings 10-11 (FIG.
  • a voltage 105 (FIG. 8) is induced in the winding 7, which is equal and opposite to the voltage 101 (FIG. 6) of the line choking coil.
  • the core 9 (FIG. 1) is saturated, the winding 7 and diode 5 are traversed by a current 107 (FIG. 10) which energizes the rectifier 3; the load 14 is traversed by the current 99 (FIG. 5); the voltage 102 (FIG. 6) is induced in the line choking coils with the windings 10-11 and 17; the magnetic charge of the core 8 reverses in sense; beginning with time the entire sequence of events just described is repeated all over again.
  • a current 107 (FIG. 10) which energizes the rectifier 3
  • the load 14 is traversed by the current 99 (FIG. 5)
  • the voltage 102 (FIG. 6) is induced in the line choking coils with the windings 10-11 and 17; the magnetic charge of the core 8 reverses in sense; beginning with time the entire sequence of events just described is repeated all over again.
  • the circuit shown in FIG. 2 operates in a similar manner, differing only in that the elements for switching the additional line choking coil are connected in a bridge circuit, instead of the differential circuit shown and disclosed in FIG. 1.
  • the core 33 is saturated.
  • the rectifiers 21 and 22 conduct and shunt the voltage working windings 26 and 27.
  • the control current from the source 41 flows along the winding 38 of the additional line choking coil, the control windings 39 and 40 and the load current 97 (FIG. 5) flows from the source 19 of ac voltage through the rectifier 21, the winding 24 ofthe line choking coil, the rectifier 22, the current working windings 35 and 36 of the saturable reactor and the load 37.
  • the core 34 of the saturable reactor is re-magnetized, produced on the windings 25 and 28 is the voltage 103 (FIG. 7) equal and opposite to the voltage 100 (FIG. 6) on the winding 24 of the line choking coil.
  • the rectifiers 20 and 23 are cut in since the voltage 95 ofthe mains (FIG. 4) at this moment of time is applied thereto in the direct polarity.
  • the rectifiers 20 and 23 shunt the voltage working windings and 28, respectively.
  • the rectifiers 2] and 22 are cut off since the mains voltage 95 at this moment of time is applied thereto in the inversed polarity.
  • the current 98 in the load changes its sense (FIG. 5).
  • the core 34 remains saturated. meanwhile the core 33 is re-magnetized by the control current.
  • Produced on the winding 24 of the line choking coil is the voltage 101 (FIG. 6) equal to the difference of the instantaneous values of the mains voltage and the load voltage equal to the load current 98 (FIG. 5) multiplied by the value of the resistance of the load 37.
  • the load current 98 keeps its direction due to the energy accumulated in the winding 24 of the line choking coil, and the rectifiers 20 and 23 remain cut-in.
  • the core 33 continues integrating the reactive stream.
  • the core 33 (FIG. 2) is saturated, the current 107 (FIG. 10) flows along the windlugs 26 and 27 and cuts off the rectifiers 21 and 22, the current 99 (FIG. 5) flows in the load 37, the voltage 102 (FIG. 6) is produced on the windings of the choking coils 24 and 38, the core 33 (FIG. 2) remains saturated. the core 34 is remagnetized and the process is repeated again beginning from the moment of time 1,.
  • the circuit shown in FIG. 3 does not differ by its physical processes in its elements from the circuit shown in FIG. 2.
  • the multi-phase power source 42 determines the general increase in the number of the cores in the saturable reactor as well as the increase in the number of voltage working windings introduced into the circuit anode-control electrode of the rectifiers.
  • the number of voltage working windings connected to the anode-control electrode circuit of the control rectifiers correspond to the number of phases, the number of voltage working windings being disposed on each of the cores also corresponding to the number of phases.
  • the circuit (FIG. 3) operates as follows:
  • the bias current is fed to control windings 61-66 of the saturable reactor. All of the cores 49-54 are saturated, the control signals are fed from the anodes of the rectitiers 55-60 being controlled and the circuit operates as a known diode bridge.
  • the load current increases and at the moment when it obtains the required value, the current stabilizer begins operating in the mode of stabilization.
  • the further increase of the load current causes the condition when the cores of the current conducting phase wherein the magnetic streams produced by the load current and control current are in series opposite are put out of the saturation and the voltage working windings of these cores produce a voltage equal and opposite to the voltage produced at the output of the multiphase bridge.
  • One of the voltage working windings is in the control circuit of the controlled rectifier which according to the order of phase alternation should be subsequent.
  • the supply voltage polarity is current conducting for the controlled rectifier
  • the voltage on the voltage working windings and on the winding 93 of the line choking coil changes synchronously the sense and hence the current is not present in the circuit of the control electrode of the controlled rectifier and therefore the controlled rectifier is not cut-in.
  • due to the energy stored in the line choking coil in the load current cannot change instantaneously and the current of the same sense will continue flowing along the load. This will continue until the line choking coil 93 returns to the mains the excess of the energy, stored above the required value determined by the bias current.
  • the core connected to the circuit anode-control electrode of the controlled rectifier is saturated and the controlled rectifier is cut-in.
  • the controlled rectifier 59 After being saturated, the core 51 the controlled rectifier 59 is cut-in and the current flows along the circuit of the controlled rectifiers 56 and 57 and through the load 94 whereas the line choking coil 93 stores the energy.
  • the voltage working windings 76 and 77 of the cores 49 and 54 are connected to the circuit of the control electrode of the controlled rectifier 59 to make possible the condition that the-current stabilizer will be insensitive to the order of phase alternation.
  • a current stabilizer having saturable reactor in the mode of forced magnetization comprising in combination:
  • a saturable reactor being formed by cores having voltage working windings, current working windings, and control windings disposed thereon, said control windings being connected in series to each other and separated by said voltage working windings and said current working windings, said saturable reactor being connected in series between said AC voltage source and said load;
  • tap-changer being formed by controlled rectifiers, said rectifier having an anode, a cathode and a control-electrode, said AC voltage source being connected in series between said tap-changer and said load;
  • diodes being connected in series in said voltage working windings of said saturable reactor, said diodes and said voltage working windings being connected between said anode and said control electrode of said rectifier;
  • a first line choking coil having a winding connected in series between said rectifiers of said tap-changer and said current working windings, said current working windings being connected in series to said load;
  • a second line choking coil being connected in series to said control windings, said second line choking coil and said control windings being connected in parallel to said DC voltage source.
  • a current stabilizer as claimed in claim I wherein said controlled rectifiers of said tap-changer are connected to form a multi-phase bridge circuit, said first line choking coil being connected to the dc. circuit of said bridge circuit, said voltage working windings being connected in series aiding, the number of said voltage working windings being equal to the number of phases, the number of said voltage working windings disposed on each of said cores of said saturabie reactor which are connected to the operating arms of said bridge being also equal to the number of phases.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
US00350138A 1972-05-22 1973-04-11 Current stabilizer having a saturable reactor in the mode of forced magnetization Expired - Lifetime US3845380A (en)

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SU1786614A SU434393A1 (ru) 1972-05-22 1972-05-22 Ставилиз.атор тока

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US (1) US3845380A (de)
CH (1) CH553508A (de)
DE (1) DE2322924C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2185844B1 (de)
SE (1) SE392534B (de)
SU (1) SU434393A1 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4004209A (en) * 1975-04-21 1977-01-18 Xerox Corporation Wide range power conversion system
US4038515A (en) * 1975-05-08 1977-07-26 Miller Electric Manufacturing Company Asymmetrical a.c. welder
US4103324A (en) * 1976-12-22 1978-07-25 Airco, Inc. Saturable reactor-type power supply
US4314324A (en) * 1979-11-08 1982-02-02 Energy Research Associates Transformer power supply having an inductively loaded full wave rectifier in the primary
DE3125261A1 (de) * 1980-07-07 1982-06-16 Nuarc Co Steuerschaltung fuer eine hochleistungs-entladungslampe
US4435632A (en) 1982-02-12 1984-03-06 Hobart Brothers Company Three phase square wave welding power supply
US4692371A (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-09-08 Kimberly-Clark Corporation High temperature method of making elastomeric materials and materials obtained thereby
EP0570901A2 (de) * 1992-05-18 1993-11-24 The Lincoln Electric Company Steuerungsanordnung für mit Wechselstrom betriebene Wolfram-Inertgas-Schweissgeräte
EP1283588A2 (de) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-12 Electricité de France Induktor mit Schaltgesteuertem Wert

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3018383A (en) * 1960-04-26 1962-01-23 Gen Electric Electrical master slave amplifier circuit employing silicon controlled rectifiers
US3129381A (en) * 1960-02-04 1964-04-14 Gen Electric Magnetic amplifier with shunt-load and amplitude controlled output voltage
US3295054A (en) * 1965-10-13 1966-12-27 Gen Electric Switching circuit
US3454862A (en) * 1966-07-08 1969-07-08 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd Rectifying apparatus for producing a constant dc output voltage

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE737770C (de) * 1937-06-24 1943-07-23 Sueddeutsche App Fabrik G M B Gleichrichterschaltanordnung zum flackerfreien bzw. schwingungsfreien Betrieb von elektrischen Gluehlampen oder Schaltschuetzen
SU444488A1 (ru) * 1970-08-17 1976-08-05 Предприятие П/Я Р-6476 Стабилизатор тока
US3688181A (en) * 1971-05-26 1972-08-29 Vladimir Romanovich Leep Saturable reactor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3129381A (en) * 1960-02-04 1964-04-14 Gen Electric Magnetic amplifier with shunt-load and amplitude controlled output voltage
US3018383A (en) * 1960-04-26 1962-01-23 Gen Electric Electrical master slave amplifier circuit employing silicon controlled rectifiers
US3295054A (en) * 1965-10-13 1966-12-27 Gen Electric Switching circuit
US3454862A (en) * 1966-07-08 1969-07-08 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd Rectifying apparatus for producing a constant dc output voltage

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4004209A (en) * 1975-04-21 1977-01-18 Xerox Corporation Wide range power conversion system
US4038515A (en) * 1975-05-08 1977-07-26 Miller Electric Manufacturing Company Asymmetrical a.c. welder
US4103324A (en) * 1976-12-22 1978-07-25 Airco, Inc. Saturable reactor-type power supply
US4314324A (en) * 1979-11-08 1982-02-02 Energy Research Associates Transformer power supply having an inductively loaded full wave rectifier in the primary
DE3125261A1 (de) * 1980-07-07 1982-06-16 Nuarc Co Steuerschaltung fuer eine hochleistungs-entladungslampe
US4435632A (en) 1982-02-12 1984-03-06 Hobart Brothers Company Three phase square wave welding power supply
US4692371A (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-09-08 Kimberly-Clark Corporation High temperature method of making elastomeric materials and materials obtained thereby
EP0570901A2 (de) * 1992-05-18 1993-11-24 The Lincoln Electric Company Steuerungsanordnung für mit Wechselstrom betriebene Wolfram-Inertgas-Schweissgeräte
EP0570901A3 (de) * 1992-05-18 1994-04-13 Lincoln Electric Co
EP1283588A2 (de) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-12 Electricité de France Induktor mit Schaltgesteuertem Wert
FR2828597A1 (fr) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-14 Electricite De France Inductance a valeur commandable par commutation
EP1283588A3 (de) * 2001-08-10 2004-12-08 Electricité de France Induktor mit Schaltgesteuertem Wert

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE392534B (sv) 1977-03-28
SU434393A1 (ru) 1974-06-30
FR2185844A1 (de) 1974-01-04
DE2322924C2 (de) 1982-05-19
DE2322924A1 (de) 1973-12-20
CH553508A (de) 1974-08-30
FR2185844B1 (de) 1977-09-02

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