US3844124A - Control of erosion - Google Patents

Control of erosion Download PDF

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Publication number
US3844124A
US3844124A US00326083A US32608373A US3844124A US 3844124 A US3844124 A US 3844124A US 00326083 A US00326083 A US 00326083A US 32608373 A US32608373 A US 32608373A US 3844124 A US3844124 A US 3844124A
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Prior art keywords
slab
slot
cross
section
edge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00326083A
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English (en)
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E Tupper
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TUP PANAMA
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TUP PANAMA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A length of mechanically strong material of cross- [52] US. Cl 61/3, 52/726, 61/35, shaped cross-section, when placed along a beach, is 6 /37 resistant to tipping on wave-impact and prevents or [51] Int. Cl. EOZb 3/04, EOZd 3/14 hinders erosion. It can be made of concrete, in U16 Field 0f Search shape of a cross of four equal arm lengths, either inte- 52/611, 732, 578, 593, 726 grally or as interlocking slotted slabs. These slabs can also be built up into a chain of indefinite length, thus [56] References Cited preventing gaps between individual members.
  • Another expedient is to provide wooden groynes extending down the beach, to prevent loss of sand. However, these are expensive to erect, since they must be deeply set into the beach itself, and are difficult to maintain and to prevent from rotting.
  • a third expedient is to provide a full sea-wall, especially in those instances where there is danger that erosion of the beach will progress beyond removal of the sand to attack the coast-line itself; Once again, this is expensive and such a wall needs frequent inspection and maintenance.
  • the present invention provides a means for preventing or hindering land .erosion by flowing water (for example beach erosion by wave impact) which consists of a longitudinally extending member made of mechanically strong material with a higher specific gravity than that of water, and of generally cruciform cross-section to provide resistance to tipping when laid with the ends of two arms of said crosssection on a surface.
  • the cross-section of the member is that of a generally square cross, that is to say with individual arms at right angles and with arm lengths all the same, and thus both total (i.e., diametrical) arm lengths equal.
  • a preferred total arm length is between 12 and 36 inches (30-90 cms).
  • the arm thickness can vary but is usually between one inch and six inches (2.5-l5cms). Preferably the member is from one to three times as long as the total arm length.
  • Such a member may be made of a variety of materials, but a preferred material of construction is concrete, and especially those rich and relatively strong concretes which do not need internal reinforcement which could become exposed and unsightly as the member weathers in use.
  • the invention provides a flat rectilinear slab of such mechanically strong materials (such as concrete) having an open-ended through slot generally square in cross-section extending along the centre of the slab for substantially half of its length from one end.
  • This slab is preferably from 12 to 36 inches (3090cms).wide, and from one to three times as long as its width, with a preferred thickness of from 1 inch to 6 inches (2.5-l5cms).
  • the slab as defined above may possess locating and stabilizing ribs extending along at least one edge of the slot, or of a line defined by extending such an edge, so that when two slabs are assembled the assembly is rigidified by such a rib.
  • a specific form of the invention provides such a slab where the thickness of the slab between the continued line of one slot edge on one face and the nearer parallel slab edge is (i) uniform (ii) equals that uniform thickness between the continued line of the other slot edge on the other face and its nearer parallel slab edge, and (iii) is greater than the uniform thickness of the slab between the two said continued lines, the transverse cross-section of the slab thus having a point of symmetry.
  • Such a slab lends itself particularly well to manufacture and to the construction of an interlocking structure from a plurality of identical slabs, the interlocking structure possessing a generally cruciform crosssection.
  • the invention consists in a method of preventing or hindering land erosion by flowing water (for example beach erosion by wave impact), wherein a plurality of longitudinally extending members of generally cruciform cross-section as described above are placed in contact, or fabricated as an interlocking line to form a longitudinally extending chain, with two arms contacting the ground in the area contacted by the flowing water.
  • this method is achieved by assembly of such a structure from slabs as described above, especially where these are assembled to give a continuously interlocking line of identical slabs.
  • the method is generally carried out by placing the structure on a beach, usually generally transversely to the prevailing wave pattern.
  • the structures can be placed below low water mark, (possibly in several parallel rows) so that waves will break further out and their impact on the beach will be minimised.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a member for preventing beach erosion
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of such a member formed from two slabs
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing how a fully interlocking chain structure having a generally cruciform cross-section can be build up from a plurality of slabs;
  • FIG. 4 shows in perspective a slab provided with a locating and stabilizing rib
  • FIG 5a shows in perspective a slab which can be assembled to produce a cruciform member
  • FIG. 5b shows in end elevation a cruciform member produced using the slab as in FIG. 5a.
  • FIG. 1 there is provided a concrete member 1 of uniform cruciform cross-section with four arms 2,3,4
  • this member In use this member is placed on the beach with the two arms 4 and 5 contacting the sand. Any wave impinging upon the space 7 will have its impact absorbed and, although it will usually break over the member,
  • the exceptionally stable arrangement with the two widely spaced arms 4 and 5 resting on the sand means that wave impact can be accommodated without movement of the member.
  • the arms 4 and 5 will tend to sink slightly into the sand, and the sand will tend to rise into space 8, to accumulate behind the member in space 9, and to some extent on top of the member in space 6 and in front of the member (space 7) so that the general appearance is of a hummock of sand.
  • FIG. 2 shows two identical slabs 10 each having a central through slot 11 extending half-way along its length from one end and of a square cross-section. If these two slabs are brought towards one another they will eventually interlock to form a member as shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows three such slabs all of which face the same direction but which are alternately located at right angles. If these slabs, shown in exploded view, are brought together they will define a fully interlocking structure which can extend across the beach and be continued indefinitely.
  • This has the advantage that endto-end contact of notional members as shown in FIG. 1 is effectively achieved by the geometry of the slabs, and there is no possibility of a through gulley forming from the back to the front of the members.
  • the slabs will in practice be of sufficient tolerance in their manufacture that at least gentle changes in contour of the beach or in curvature in relation to the wave pattern can be accommodated progressively as the chain structure is built up. There is also resistance to removal by heavy wave action at any one point ofa unit of the chain, which would lead to progressive deterioration of the structure.
  • FIG. 4 shows a slab 12 with a slot 13. Also provided is a stabilizing rib 14 in line with a slot edge so that when the slab is assembled in a structure as shown in FIG. 3 an additional stabilizing feature to prevent disruption of the chain is provided.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b show a further development of this principle by providing a slab 15 which has a slot 16 and a first portion 17 of uniform thickness between one slot edge and its nearest parallel slab edge and a second portion 18 of increased thickness between the outer slot edge on the other face and its nearest parallel slab edge.
  • the central portion 19 (see also FIG. 511) that is to say the continuation of slot 16, is thinner than the portions 17 and 18.
  • Such a slab can readily be assembled as shown in FIG. 3 to give a particularly stable and resistant chain structure which can extend across a beach.
  • one or more of such structures can be provided on the beach above or below low water mark and as individual units or in the form of a chain or of parallel chains. If desired the underlying units as shown can be dug up at, for example, the end of a winter season to leave a flat beach for the summer period, but in practice they will usually become covered by sand and present an acceptable appearance if left in place all the year round.
  • a means for hindering land erosion by flowing water which consists of a chain of members fitted together, said chain having a generally cruciform crosssection with the ends of two arms of said cross-section contacting the ground so as to provide resistance to tipping, wherein each of said members is a generally flat rectilinear slab made of mechanically strong material with a specific gravity greater than that of water, and shaped to define an open-ended through slot of generally square cross-section extending along a notional center line of said slab for substantially one-half its length from one end thereof, and wherein the slots all face in the same direction and each slot accommodates substantially one-half the length of the next adjacent slab in said chain.
  • total arm length is 12 to 36 inches, arm thickness from I to 6 inches, and member length from I to 3 times total arm length.
  • a means as claimed in claim 1 made of rich strong concrete free from internal reinforcement members.
  • each said slab between the continued line of one slot edge on one face and the nearer parallel slab edge is (a) uniform, (b) equal to that uniform thickness between the continued line of the other slot edge on the other face and its nearer parallel slab edge, and (c) greater than the uniform thickness of the slab between the two said continued lines, the transverse cross-section of said slab thus having a point of symmetry.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
US00326083A 1972-01-28 1973-01-23 Control of erosion Expired - Lifetime US3844124A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB401772A GB1421132A (en) 1972-01-28 1972-01-28 Control of erosion

Publications (1)

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US3844124A true US3844124A (en) 1974-10-29

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US00326083A Expired - Lifetime US3844124A (en) 1972-01-28 1973-01-23 Control of erosion

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US (1) US3844124A (enrdf_load_html_response)
JP (1) JPS5624045B2 (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE794273A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CA (1) CA979675A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE2303326A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2169628A5 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1421132A (enrdf_load_html_response)
HK (1) HK28377A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4001986A (en) * 1974-06-10 1977-01-11 John Kozak Architectural constructional system
US4629360A (en) * 1982-09-29 1986-12-16 Frank Cacossa Development Corporation Retaining wall system
US4669913A (en) * 1985-09-26 1987-06-02 John Temple Method of raising and extending an ocean beach
US5380124A (en) * 1993-06-14 1995-01-10 Sand & Sea Corporation Beach stabilizer having pile guides
US20060002772A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-05 Tabler Ronald D Apparatus and method for efficiently fabricating, dismantling and storing a porous tubular windblown particle control device
US20060067790A1 (en) * 2004-09-29 2006-03-30 Tabler Ronald D Tetrapod control device and method for stabilizing, depositing and retaining windblown particles
US20070296208A1 (en) * 2006-06-22 2007-12-27 9031-1671 Quebec Inc. Hollow pipe connector
US20110179736A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2011-07-28 Construction Innovation Limited Concrete matrix structure
US20110308197A1 (en) * 2009-02-11 2011-12-22 Rob Wallace Structural member
US20130071185A1 (en) * 2010-07-06 2013-03-21 Zhilin Wei Bank Protection Structure with Shape of Hollow Circular Truncated Cone
US20180223495A1 (en) * 2017-02-09 2018-08-09 James E. Tappe Interlocking Steel Plate Foundation
US10179991B2 (en) 2016-10-03 2019-01-15 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Forming column assemblies for moment resisting bi-axial beam-to-column joint connections
US20190161956A1 (en) * 2016-05-02 2019-05-30 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Moment resisting bi-axial beam-to-column joint connection
US11236502B2 (en) 2016-10-03 2022-02-01 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Gusset plate and column assembly for moment resisting bi-axial beam-to-column joint connections

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6239125Y2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1980-05-09 1987-10-06
FR3041665A1 (fr) * 2015-09-25 2017-03-31 Lafarge Sa Bloc artificiel de carapace pour ports

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1993291A (en) * 1933-05-06 1935-03-05 Vermont Cornelius Retaining wall
US2707537A (en) * 1950-05-04 1955-05-03 Kilemnik Maurice Locking means
US3218035A (en) * 1962-11-07 1965-11-16 George R Dunlap Snow fence
US3380253A (en) * 1966-02-21 1968-04-30 Vita Lawrence Apparatus for controlling erosion
US3653216A (en) * 1970-04-09 1972-04-04 Gray Tech Ind Inc Method and apparatus for preventing erosion
US3685298A (en) * 1969-11-27 1972-08-22 Michinobu Takanashi Drainer

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1993291A (en) * 1933-05-06 1935-03-05 Vermont Cornelius Retaining wall
US2707537A (en) * 1950-05-04 1955-05-03 Kilemnik Maurice Locking means
US3218035A (en) * 1962-11-07 1965-11-16 George R Dunlap Snow fence
US3380253A (en) * 1966-02-21 1968-04-30 Vita Lawrence Apparatus for controlling erosion
US3685298A (en) * 1969-11-27 1972-08-22 Michinobu Takanashi Drainer
US3653216A (en) * 1970-04-09 1972-04-04 Gray Tech Ind Inc Method and apparatus for preventing erosion

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4001986A (en) * 1974-06-10 1977-01-11 John Kozak Architectural constructional system
US4629360A (en) * 1982-09-29 1986-12-16 Frank Cacossa Development Corporation Retaining wall system
US4669913A (en) * 1985-09-26 1987-06-02 John Temple Method of raising and extending an ocean beach
US5380124A (en) * 1993-06-14 1995-01-10 Sand & Sea Corporation Beach stabilizer having pile guides
US20060002772A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-05 Tabler Ronald D Apparatus and method for efficiently fabricating, dismantling and storing a porous tubular windblown particle control device
US20060002771A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-05 Tabler Ronald D Porous tubular device and method for controlling windblown particle stabilization deposition and retention
US6986624B1 (en) 2004-06-30 2006-01-17 Tabler Ronald D Porous tubular device and method for controlling windblown particle stabilization deposition and retention
US7048474B2 (en) 2004-06-30 2006-05-23 Tabler Ronald D Apparatus and method for efficiently fabricating, dismantling and storing a porous tubular windblown particle control device
US20060067790A1 (en) * 2004-09-29 2006-03-30 Tabler Ronald D Tetrapod control device and method for stabilizing, depositing and retaining windblown particles
US7097385B2 (en) 2004-09-29 2006-08-29 Tabler Ronald D Tetrapod control device and method for stabilizing, depositing and retaining windblown particles
US20070296208A1 (en) * 2006-06-22 2007-12-27 9031-1671 Quebec Inc. Hollow pipe connector
US7708317B2 (en) * 2006-06-22 2010-05-04 Alain Desmeules Hollow pipe connector
US20110179736A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2011-07-28 Construction Innovation Limited Concrete matrix structure
US20110308197A1 (en) * 2009-02-11 2011-12-22 Rob Wallace Structural member
US20130071185A1 (en) * 2010-07-06 2013-03-21 Zhilin Wei Bank Protection Structure with Shape of Hollow Circular Truncated Cone
US20190161956A1 (en) * 2016-05-02 2019-05-30 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Moment resisting bi-axial beam-to-column joint connection
US11332920B2 (en) * 2016-05-02 2022-05-17 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Moment resisting bi-axial beam-to-column joint connection
US10179991B2 (en) 2016-10-03 2019-01-15 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Forming column assemblies for moment resisting bi-axial beam-to-column joint connections
US11236502B2 (en) 2016-10-03 2022-02-01 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Gusset plate and column assembly for moment resisting bi-axial beam-to-column joint connections
US20180223495A1 (en) * 2017-02-09 2018-08-09 James E. Tappe Interlocking Steel Plate Foundation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1421132A (en) 1976-01-14
BE794273A (fr) 1973-05-16
CA979675A (en) 1975-12-16
JPS4883636A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-11-07
FR2169628A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-09-07
DE2303326A1 (de) 1973-08-02
HK28377A (en) 1977-06-17
JPS5624045B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1981-06-03

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