US3843045A - Centrifuge rotor - Google Patents

Centrifuge rotor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3843045A
US3843045A US00351364A US35136473A US3843045A US 3843045 A US3843045 A US 3843045A US 00351364 A US00351364 A US 00351364A US 35136473 A US35136473 A US 35136473A US 3843045 A US3843045 A US 3843045A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cover
chamber
rotor
sidewall
lip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00351364A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
W Schmidt
H Wright
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beckman Coulter Inc
Original Assignee
Beckman Instruments Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beckman Instruments Inc filed Critical Beckman Instruments Inc
Priority to US00351364A priority Critical patent/US3843045A/en
Priority to GB443674A priority patent/GB1440051A/en
Priority to CA194,927A priority patent/CA990697A/en
Priority to JP1974041866U priority patent/JPS5247174Y2/ja
Priority to DE2418320A priority patent/DE2418320A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3843045A publication Critical patent/US3843045A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
    • B04B7/08—Rotary bowls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
    • B04B7/02—Casings; Lids
    • B04B2007/025—Lids for laboratory centrifuge rotors

Definitions

  • a rotor for a centrifuge apparatus having a substantially cylindrical sidewall forming a bowl-like chamber open on one side thereof, and including a cover secured to the cylindrical sidewall and closing the opening to the chamber.
  • the rotor also includes a resilient sealing lip attached to the sidewall and overhanging the chamber, the lip having an upper surface engaging a lower. surface of the cover and having sufficient resiliency to follow movement of the cover under hydrostatic pressures produced in the rotor during centrifugation of liquid products within the chamber.
  • the apparatus is utilized to provide quantitative separations of minute particulate matter, such as tissue cells or cell particles, or the like, in density gradients for the purpose of collecting discrete fractions thereof for subsequent analysis in research and clinical studies.
  • minute particulate matter such as tissue cells or cell particles, or the like
  • a sample solution is pumped into the central region of a rotor chamber which is filled with an appropriate density gradient solution.
  • the particles of interest in the sample disperse in a radial direction throughout the density gradient solution and at equilibrium are suspended in concentric layers in the density gradient solution at a location wherein their respective buoyant densities correspond to that of the solution.
  • a resilient seal such as a resilient O-ring, is sometimes employed between the rotor wall and 'the cover which will prevent leakage of the solution from the rotor chamber.
  • the seal member around the cover or the sidewall of the rotor is placed under extreme stress during the high speed centrifugation and, when the rotor and lid separate, the force of the solution on the seal very often causes the seal member to extrude. from its seat thereby releasing the solution from the chamber.
  • an improved bowl-type zonal centrifuge rotor including a base having a substantially cylindrical sidewall forming a bowl-shaped chamber over which is mounted a cover member and which is attached to the cylindrical sidewall.
  • a resilient flexible sealing lip protrudes inwardly from the sidewall over the rotor chamber, the lip having a smooth surface adapted to abut against the coverin the region of a resilient sealing member or O- ring seated in an annular slot formed in the cover.
  • the flexiblelip maintains a sealing pressure against the cover and its O-ring and, under hydrostatic pressure created during centrifugation, the flexible lip moves with any slight movement of the cover to maintain a constant sealing pressure against the O-ring.
  • a central core positioned within the rotor between the cover and the bottom of the chamber provides a vertical thrust against the bottom wall of the rotor chamber which thrust is opposite from the moment of force created by the centrifugal forces on the sidewall of the rotor. This reduces the upward displacement of the bottom wall of the rotor and reduces the movement of the sidewall in a direction radial to the axis of rotation.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a rotor bowl assembly made in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view taken generally along the line 22 with portions of the rotor bowl assembly broken away to illustrate the location of the central core and the core wings with respect to the chamber in the rotor.
  • arotor bowl 1 having a substantially cylindrical sidewall 4 enclosing a bowlshaped chamber 3 over which there is positioned a lid or cover member 2.
  • the sidewall 4 of the rotor is provided with threads 5 adjacent the open end thereof and the outer edge portion 4a of the rotor sidewall is adapted to fit snugly within an annular cavity 6 formed in the cover 2.
  • Threads 7 on the cavity wall are adapted to mate with the thread 5 on the rotor sidewall so that the cover may be threaded down tightly onto the sidewall of the motor.
  • the overhanging edge 2a of the cover helps retain the sidewall 4 in place against the centrifugal forces produced during high speed rotation of the apparatus.
  • a well 8 which is adapted to receive a drive spindle (not shown) extending from the driving mechanism of a centrifuge apparatus.
  • a rotor core or centerpiece9 which is a relatively solid member, formed of a suitable metal, and which is tapered slightly in an outward direction from bottom to top.
  • the core is provided with a plurality of slots 12 (see FIG. 2) formed in the outer surface thereof in a direction parallel to the vertical axis of the core 9.
  • a plurality of pro jecting vanes or wings 11 each have one end positioned in one of the slots 12 and extend radially outward thereby dividing the rotor chamber into equal sector compartments for minimizing turbulenceduring operation of the apparatus. Because the core or centerpiece 9 is subjected to high axial loading and because the core wings 11 must extend to the cavity wall under the lip 47, it is necessary to construct the core 9 and vanes 11 as separate parts and assemble them in the rotor chamber 3.
  • the vanes 11 are first inserted into the camber 3 and positioned generally into their relative positions therein.
  • the core 9 is then inserted into the chamber so that the ends of the vanes extend into slots 12 formed in the rotor core.
  • each of the slots 12 is indented in the lower end adjacent the bottom of the core and tapered or beveled to form a ramp so that there is a slight tolerance, permitting the ends of the vanes to fit initially into the slots 12.
  • the ramp 10 forces the vanes 11 outwardly against the inner surface of the sidewall of the motor chamber.
  • the outer ends of the vanes 11 conform to the bowl shape of the chamber and fit snugly against the sidewall beneath the lip 47.
  • the rotor core abuts the bottom 32 of the cavity and legs or abutments 31 support the core thereon.
  • a feed or transfer tube assembly 13 Inserted centrally within the rotor core is a feed or transfer tube assembly 13 which extends downwardly through an aperture 14 formed in the cover 2 into a cavity 16 formed in the rotor core 9.
  • the lower end of the transfer tube 13 is provided with screw threads 17 which mate with internally formed threads 18 formed within the cavity 16 of the rotor core.
  • the transfer tube 13 includes an outer conduit 19 (or plurality of conduits 19) formed as slots in the outer surface of the shaft 13. Slots 19 communicate with an enlarged opening 16a in the upper portion of the rotor core.
  • This opening 160 in turn communicates with radial passages 22 in the wall of the core each of which communicate with passages 23 extending through each of the vanes or Wings 11 and opening into the chamber 3 at the end of each wing.
  • An opening 24, formed in a beveled or cutaway portion 26 of each vane communicates with the upper portion of the chamber.
  • the core member acts as a manifold to deliver fluids into each of the va
  • the feed or transfer tube 13 is also provided with a central tubular conduit 27 which extends completely through the axial length of the transfer tube and communicates with apassage 28 formed in the lower end of the core.
  • Passages 29 formed in the lower end of the rotor core 9 by means of abutments or shoulders 31 communicate with the passage 28 in the core. At least one of the passages 29 leads into each of the segments between the vanes 11 within the chamber.
  • Attached to the upper end of the transfer tube is a cup 34 having an opening 35 therein which communicates with the passages 19 and 27 in the transfer tube.
  • a liquid delivery means (not shown) is inserted into the opening of the cup 34 for introducing liquid gradient and sample materials through the passages 19 and 27 and thence into the rotor chamber.
  • Cup 34 is firmly attached to the end of the transfer tube 13 and is tightly pulled downwardly against the upper surface 36 of the lid 2 so that an O-ring 37 formed within an annular slot in the lower surface of the cup abuts in sealing fashion against the upper surface 36 of the lid.
  • a small O-ring or resilient seal ring 41 is provided within an enlarged opening surrounding the pasage 23.
  • O-ring 41 seals around the surface of the pasage 23 and the surface of the core leading into the opening 22.
  • Another resilient seal member 42 is fitted within a slot formed on the surface of the transfer tube 13 and abuts against the inner surface of the cavity 21 in the upper end 16a of the core centerpiece. This seal 42 prevents the flow of liquid beyond the upper end 16a of the cavity 21 and forces liquid from the cavity into the passages 22 and thence into the passages 23 formed in vanes 11.
  • annular sealing means in the form of a resilient O-ring 43 positioned within an annular slot 44 in the upper surface of the core.
  • the O- ring 43 abuts against the lower surface 46 of the cover 2 when the cover is tightened down onto the rotor.
  • the cover actually has its lower surface 46 abutting tightly against the upper flat surfaces of the core.
  • a rotatable liquid delivery means (not shown) is inserted into the cup 34 through which a liquid may be pumped into the rotor.
  • the rotor bowl is first loaded with a liquid gradient which is pumped into the bowl through the conduits 19, 21, 22 and 23.
  • the rotor bowl is rotated at a low speed (5003,000 r.p.m.) causing the gradient liquid to form concentric annular zones of constant density liquid.
  • the vanes 11 extend radially through the zones," segmenting them and reducing mixing between adjacent zones of different densities.
  • a sample to be centrifuged is pumped through the conduit or transfer tube passage 27 where it flows through the passage 28 and the passages 29 beneath the rotor core into the center portion of the rotor chamber.
  • the sample is normally followed by an overlay of low density liquid to move the sample clear of the core 9 and to assure complete removal of the sample from beneath the rotor core.
  • the means for inserting the liquid materials into the rotor is then removed and the cap 34 is closed with a suitable sealing cap (not shown) to close the passages 19 and 27. The rotor is then accelerated for the actual centrifuging operation.
  • the rotor bowl When centifugation has been completed, the rotor bowl is decelerated to unloading speed (SOD-3,000 r.p.m.) and the rotor contents emptied through the liquid delivery means by pumping high density fluid to the outer wall of the rotor cavity through the passages 19, 21 22 and passages 23.
  • the high density fluid forces the gradient and the sample, dispersed in the annular gradient rings, toward the rotor core 9 and the taper on the exteral surface of the rotor core forces each of the gradient rings to flow downwardly through the passages 29 and up the central passage 27 of the transfer tube and thence out through the delivery means attached to the upper end of the transfer tube.
  • the rotor is provided with a lip 47 extending from an upper portion of the sidewall 4,, which intrudes radiallyinto the clearance volume adjacent the lid 2 of the rotor.
  • the lip 47 has a lower curved surface 470 and an upper flat surface 471). At its base or connection with sidewall 4, the lip is relatively thick but it gradually tapers toward the end intruding into the chamber.
  • the thinner portion of the lip 47 are somewhat resilient and flex under the influence of axial hydraulic force such that as the lid 2 moves upwardly under the hydraulic pressure, the lip 47 moves just enough to follow the covers motion and maintains contact with a resilient O-ring seal 48 positioned in an annular slot 49 within the lower surface of the cover.
  • the upper surface 47b of the lip 47 is flat and maintains continuous contact with the O-ring 48 as the cover and sidewalls of the motor move relative to each other.
  • it is much thicker and much less resilient so that any load exerted by the hydraulic forces is prevented from being transmitted to the cover in this region.
  • the hydraulic forces may be transmitted in an upward direction toward the cover only at the inner, edge of the resilient lip 47. Since this is at a radius much less than the outer extremity of the rotor wall, the hydraulic pressure exerted against the inner surface of the cover 2 is less than would normally be present if there were no resilient lip or seal abutting the lower surface of the cover.
  • a rotor for a centrifuge apparatus comprising a rotatable bowl having a base and a substantially cylindrical sidewall forming a chamber having an open side substantially coextensive with'said cylindrical sidewall;
  • a rotor for a centrifuge apparatus comprising a rotatable bowl having a base and a substantially cylindrical sidewall forming a chamber having an open side substantially coextensive with said cylin-.
  • a resilient lip attached to said sidewall and overhanging said chamber, said lip having an upper surface engaging said substantially flat surface of said cover, said lip having sufficient resiliency to permit it to move and follow movement of said cover thereby maintaining sealing contact with said cover during centrifugation of liquid products within said chamber.

Landscapes

  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
US00351364A 1973-04-16 1973-04-16 Centrifuge rotor Expired - Lifetime US3843045A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00351364A US3843045A (en) 1973-04-16 1973-04-16 Centrifuge rotor
GB443674A GB1440051A (en) 1973-04-16 1974-01-31 Centrifuge rotor
CA194,927A CA990697A (en) 1973-04-16 1974-03-13 Centrifuge rotor
JP1974041866U JPS5247174Y2 (de) 1973-04-16 1974-04-16
DE2418320A DE2418320A1 (de) 1973-04-16 1974-04-16 Rotor fuer eine zentrifugeneinrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00351364A US3843045A (en) 1973-04-16 1973-04-16 Centrifuge rotor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3843045A true US3843045A (en) 1974-10-22

Family

ID=23380596

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00351364A Expired - Lifetime US3843045A (en) 1973-04-16 1973-04-16 Centrifuge rotor

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3843045A (de)
JP (1) JPS5247174Y2 (de)
CA (1) CA990697A (de)
DE (1) DE2418320A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1440051A (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4202487A (en) * 1978-02-22 1980-05-13 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Lipoprotein rotor lid
EP0043196A1 (de) * 1980-07-01 1982-01-06 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Gegen Aerosole beständige Rotorschüssel
US4395256A (en) * 1980-12-13 1983-07-26 Heraeus-Christ Gmbh Centrifuge rotor closure
US5512030A (en) * 1994-12-01 1996-04-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Centrifuge rotor
US6665924B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2003-12-23 Kendro Laboratory Products, L.P. Centrifuge having a spring-loaded nut for securing a rotor to a drive cone
US20040018928A1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-01-29 Klaus Schutz Easy access cover
US6764438B2 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-07-20 Kendro Laboratory Products, Lp Cover attachment apparatus
US6776751B2 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-08-17 Kendor Laboratory Products, Lp Rotor cover attachment apparatus
US6802803B2 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-10-12 Kendro Laboratory Products, Inc. Cover attachment apparatus
US7011618B2 (en) * 2003-05-16 2006-03-14 Kendro Laboratory Products Lp Attachment and release apparatus for a centrifuge rotor cover
US20060279714A1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-14 Stahl Kurt A Integrated light gathering reflector and optical element holder
US20080146429A1 (en) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-19 Thermo Electron Corporation Rotor assembly and method of connection thereof
US20090054223A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2009-02-26 Jurgen Mackel Separator Drum
US20100081553A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Masaharu Aizawa Centrifuge
CN111617886A (zh) * 2020-06-05 2020-09-04 衡阳师范学院 一种离心机转子
US11731144B2 (en) * 2017-12-20 2023-08-22 Eppendorf Se Centrifuge rotor with locking levers providing visual indication of cover closure

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6693152B2 (ja) * 2016-01-29 2020-05-13 工機ホールディングス株式会社 遠心機
DE102018000057A1 (de) * 2018-01-05 2019-07-11 Guntram Krettek Zentrifuge

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4202487A (en) * 1978-02-22 1980-05-13 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Lipoprotein rotor lid
EP0043196A1 (de) * 1980-07-01 1982-01-06 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Gegen Aerosole beständige Rotorschüssel
US4395256A (en) * 1980-12-13 1983-07-26 Heraeus-Christ Gmbh Centrifuge rotor closure
US5512030A (en) * 1994-12-01 1996-04-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Centrifuge rotor
US6665924B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2003-12-23 Kendro Laboratory Products, L.P. Centrifuge having a spring-loaded nut for securing a rotor to a drive cone
US6764438B2 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-07-20 Kendro Laboratory Products, Lp Cover attachment apparatus
US7137198B2 (en) 2002-04-22 2006-11-21 Kendro Laboratory Products, Incorporated Cover attachment method
US6776751B2 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-08-17 Kendor Laboratory Products, Lp Rotor cover attachment apparatus
US6802803B2 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-10-12 Kendro Laboratory Products, Inc. Cover attachment apparatus
US20040220037A1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-11-04 Kendro Laboratory Product, Lp Cover attachment method and apparatus
US20040224831A1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-11-11 Kendro Laboratory Product, Lp Cover attachment method and apparatus
US6981304B2 (en) 2002-04-22 2006-01-03 Kendro Laboratory Products, Lp Cover attachment method
US20040018928A1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-01-29 Klaus Schutz Easy access cover
US7081081B2 (en) * 2002-04-22 2006-07-25 Kendro Laboratory Products, Lp Bayonet coupling mechanism for a centrifuge
US7011618B2 (en) * 2003-05-16 2006-03-14 Kendro Laboratory Products Lp Attachment and release apparatus for a centrifuge rotor cover
US7464450B2 (en) 2003-05-16 2008-12-16 Kendro Laboratory Products, Lp Attachment and release apparatus and method
US20090054223A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2009-02-26 Jurgen Mackel Separator Drum
US7749148B2 (en) * 2005-02-08 2010-07-06 Westfalia Separator Ag Separator drum having a screw connection
EP1848540B2 (de) † 2005-02-08 2013-05-01 GEA Westfalia Separator GmbH Separatortrommel
US20060279714A1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-14 Stahl Kurt A Integrated light gathering reflector and optical element holder
US20080146429A1 (en) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-19 Thermo Electron Corporation Rotor assembly and method of connection thereof
US7837607B2 (en) * 2006-12-13 2010-11-23 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Centrifuge rotor assembly and method of connection thereof
US20100081553A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Masaharu Aizawa Centrifuge
US8475351B2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2013-07-02 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Centrifuge having a seal mechanism
US11731144B2 (en) * 2017-12-20 2023-08-22 Eppendorf Se Centrifuge rotor with locking levers providing visual indication of cover closure
CN111617886A (zh) * 2020-06-05 2020-09-04 衡阳师范学院 一种离心机转子

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1440051A (en) 1976-06-23
DE2418320A1 (de) 1974-11-07
JPS5247174Y2 (de) 1977-10-26
JPS49149380U (de) 1974-12-24
CA990697A (en) 1976-06-08

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