US3842304A - High-pressure gas discharge lamp - Google Patents

High-pressure gas discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
US3842304A
US3842304A US00355905A US35590573A US3842304A US 3842304 A US3842304 A US 3842304A US 00355905 A US00355905 A US 00355905A US 35590573 A US35590573 A US 35590573A US 3842304 A US3842304 A US 3842304A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
film
lamp
discharge vessel
pressure gas
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00355905A
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English (en)
Inventor
L Beyer
C Jacobs
G Siebers
G Cornelissen
A Driessen
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
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Publication of US3842304A publication Critical patent/US3842304A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H01J61/35—Vessels; Containers provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings

Definitions

  • Trifari 5 7 ABSTRACT A high-pressure gas discharge lamp having a discharge vessel provided with materials, which during operation of the lamp are present in a gaseous and/or vapor state in which at least one of these materials during operation of the lamp provides a saturated vapor, and having an electrode placed at one end of the discharge vessel in which the discharge vessel at said end is provided with an external coating
  • the coating consists of a first film located on the wall of the discharge vessel and comprising a black or dark grey material having a high melting point and low vapor pressure (for example, carbon), and a second film located on the first film and comprising a white or substantially white material having a high melting point and a low vapor pressure (for example, zirconium oxide).
  • the invention relates to a high-pressure gas discharge lamp having a discharge vessel provided with materials which during operation of the lamp are present in a gaseous and/or vapor state, in which at least one of these materials during operation of the lamp supplies a saturated vapour, and provided with an electrode placed at one end of the discharge vessel, the discharge vessel at said end being provided with an external coating. Furthermore the invention relates to a method of applying an external coating on a lamp of this kind.
  • a lamp of the kind described above comprises unevaporated material in the operating condition.
  • This unevaporated material is generally present at that area in the lamp having the minimum temperature.
  • the said minimum temperature determines the vapour pressure for the relevant material.
  • the area having the minimum temperature is present on a portion of the wall of the discharge vessel located around and behind the electrodes. Control of the temperature around and behind the electrodes, for example, by proportioning the electrode space is generally possible with difficulty due to the presence of current supply conductors which are passed through the wall of the discharge vessel at that area. Passing of a current supply conductor may be effected, for example, by a vacuum-tight sealing in the material of the discharge vessel.
  • a solution of the problem described is possible if the temperature of the wall of the discharge vessel around and behind the electrode is increased, so that the area having the minimum temperature is transferred to the satisfactorily proportioned intermediate portion of the discharge vessel.
  • thin reflecting metal films for example, consisting of gold or silver alloys may be used as an external coating.
  • Such metal films have, however, the drawback that they are not resistant to temperatures of more than approximately 700C.
  • reflecting white oxide films for example, of zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, or aluminum oxide as external coatings.
  • a drawback of these oxide films is that they can only be provided with difficulty. In order to realize the desired effeet the oxide films must be relatively thick so that generally a poor adhesion to the wall of the discharge vessel is obtained.
  • a drawback of both the metal films and the white oxide films is that they reflect a large part of the incident radiation without leading to an increase of the temperature of the wall of the discharge vessel.
  • black films for example, consisting of carbon in order to increase the temperature of the portion of the wall around the electrode.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an external coating of the discharge vessel of a high-pressure gas discharge lamp with which higher temperatures of the coated portion of the wall of the discharge vessel can be obtained as compared with the known coatings and in which the above-mentioned drawbacks do not occur.
  • a high-pressure-gas discharge lamp of the kind described in the preamble is characterized in that the coating consists of a first film located on the wall of the discharge vessel and comprising a black or dark-grey material having a high melting point and a low vapor pressure, and of a second film located on the first film and comprising a white or substantially white material having a high melting point and a low vapour pressure.
  • the combination according to the invention of a black absorbing film and a white reflecting film has a considerably higher temperature increasing action than the known single films consisting of absorbing or reflecting material, it is sufficient for the films in a lamp according to the invention to be thinner than in the case of the known lamps in order to realize the same temperature increase.
  • This is an important advantage because, as is known, thin films generally adhere better than thick films.
  • white films generally adhere better to a black film than to the material of the discharge vessel which often consists of quartz glass.
  • the second white film may be used in a larger thickness while maintaining a satisfactory adhesion than is possible in the known lamps using a white film only.
  • a lamp according to the invention furthermore has the advantage that a more even temperature distribution on the wall of the discharge vessel is obtained so that large temperature differences along the wall are avoided.
  • a black or darkgrey material is understood to mean a material which has a reflection coefficient of less than or equal to 0.2.
  • a white or substantially white material is understood to mean a material which has a reflection coefficient or more than or equal to 0.5. If these materials are provided in a film on the discharge vessel the reflection coefficient of the film may still deviate slightly from that of the materials themselves. Of course it is necessary that the materials to be used for both films have a high melting point (for example, more than l,000 K).
  • carbides for example, tungsten carbide
  • silicates for example, tungsten silicate or molybdenum silicate
  • borates for example, molybdenum borate
  • ceramic oxides for example, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide and thorium oxide
  • the firstfilm mainly consists of carbon or graphite and the second film mainly consists of zirconium oxide.
  • the firstfilm mainly consists of carbon or graphite and the second film mainly consists of zirconium oxide.
  • the external coating in a lamp according to the invention is preferably located around the electrode and it extends to not more than 5 mms beyond the end of the electrode facing the discharge. If the coating extended still further to the intermediate part of the discharge vessel, a too large portion of the useful radiation emitted by the lamp would be absorbed.
  • a lamp according to the invention may be, for example, a high-pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp having a discharge vessel of, for example, polycrystalline aluminium oxide comprising sodium, mercury and a rare gas.
  • a discharge vessel of, for example, polycrystalline aluminium oxide comprising sodium, mercury and a rare gas In such a lamp sodium and mercury are present in an excess so that during operation of the lamp saturated sodium and mercury vapours are present.
  • a satisfactory control of the minimum temperature in this lamp and hence a satisfactory control of the sodium and mercury vapor pressures is of great importance for a satisfactory operation of the lamp.
  • the invention may be very advantageously used in a high-pressure gas discharge lamp whose discharge vessel consists of quartz glass or hard glass and is filled with mercury, one or more rare gases and one or more metal halides.
  • the coating is provided around the electrode (and possibly also around at least part of the sealing of the current supply conductor) which coating extends to not more than 2 mms beyond the end of the electrode facing the discharge.
  • These lamps often employ halides which do not readily evaporate (for example, sodium iodide and the iodides of rare earth metals). These halides are then present in the lamp in an excess.
  • a halide-containing lamp according to the invention it is particularly advantageous that in addition to a shift of the coldest spot in the lamp to the intermediate part of the discharge vessel, so that reproducible lamps are obtained, also an increase occurs of the minimum temperature prevailing in the lamp. Consequently a larger quantity of the halide not readily evaporating can be introduced into the discharge so that the efficiency of the lamp and the spectral distribution of the emitted radiation can be favourably influenced.
  • the two ends of the discharge vessel of a lamp according to the invention with an external coating in order to increase the (and possibly behind) the two electrodes.
  • An external coating consisting of a first film of carbon and a second film of zirconium oxide is preferably provided on a high-pressure gas discharge lamp according to the invention by means of a method according to the invention in which the end of the discharge vessel in the vicinity of the electrode is coated with a first film of a graphite suspension, which film is coated after drying with a second film consisting of a suspension of zirconium oxide in a suspension agent comprising a solvent and a binder whereafter the coating thus obtained is dried and subsequently heated in air at a temperature of 250 500 C.
  • the suspension films may be provided, for example, by immersion or spraying or brushing. When heating the coating at 250 500C the suspension agent and the binder are removed and a satisfactory adhesion of the films to each other and to the discharge vessel is obtained.
  • a colloidal solution of graphite in water for the first film for example, the product known under the trademark aquadag
  • a suspension of zirconium oxide in an organic solvent for example, butylacetate
  • an organic binder for example, nitrocellulose
  • the drawing shows a high-pressure gas discharge lamp according to the invention which is suitable for a power of 2,000 W.
  • the vquartz glass discharge vessel consists of a cylindrical section 1, which has an external diameter of approximately 30 mms. The two ends of the section 1 adjoin conical sections 2 and 3 which are closed by pinches 4 and 5, respectively.
  • Current supply elements 6 and 7 are sealed in a vacuum-tight manner in the pinches 4 and 5, respectively.
  • These current sup ply elements are connected within the discharge vessel to electrodes 8 and 9, respectively, which consist of tungsten filaments secured to tungsten pins. The distance between the two electrodes 8 and 9 is approximately mms.
  • the lamp is usually mounted in an evacuated or inert gas-filled outer envelope (not shown in the drawing).
  • the discharge vessel is filled with mg Hg, 6 mg Dy, 12 mg Hgl 5 mg Tll, 3 mg Cs] and 0.3 mg Nal and furthermore with argon up to a pressure of 20 Torr.
  • Dysprosium iodide which is formed during operation of the lamp and also sodium iodide are present in an excess, that is to say, during operation a saturated vapor of dysprosium iodide and of sodium iodide is formed and still unevaporated dysprosium iodide and sodium iodide are present.
  • This unevaporated iodide is then present at those areas on the wall of the discharge vessel which have the lowest temperature.
  • an external coating 10 is provided on the part of the discharge vessel located around and behind the electrode 8.
  • the coating 10 is located on part of the pinch 4 and furthermore extends across the conical section 2 up to several millimetres before the tip of the electrode 8.
  • the coating consists of a first film of carbon directly located on the quartz glass, which film is provided with the aid of an aquadag" suspension, and furthermore a second film of zirconium oxide located on the first film.
  • the zirconium oxide film is provided with the aid of a suspension of 150 grs of Zr0 in 150 grs of butylacetate which comprises 5 percent by weight of nitrocellulose.
  • a coating 11, which is entirely analogous to the coating 10, is provided around the electrode 9.
  • a high-pressure gas discharge lamp comprising a discharge vessel provided with materials which during operation of the lamp are present in a gaseous and/or vapor state, at least one of said materials during operation of the lamp supplying a saturated vapor, said lamp provided with an electrode placed at one end of the discharge vessel, the discharge vessel at said end being provided with an external coating, said coating consisting of a first film located on the wall of the discharge vessel and comprising a black or dark-grey material having a high melting point and a low vapor pressure, and of a second film located on the first film and comprising a white or substantially white material having a high melting point and a low vapor pressure.
  • the materials carbon, carbides, silicates-and borates and that the second film mainly consists of at least one ceramic oxide.
  • a high-pressure gas discharge lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein the coating is located around the electrode and extends to not more than 5 mms beyond the end of the electrode facing the discharge.
  • the discharge vessel consists of quartz' glass or hard glass and is filled with mercury, one or more rare gases and one or more metal halides",- wherein the coating is located around the electrode and extends to not more than 2 mms beyond the end of the electrode facing the discharge. 6.
  • a colloidal solution of graphite in water is used for the first film and a suspension of zirconium oxide in an organic solvent comprising an organic binder is used for the second film.

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  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
US00355905A 1972-05-16 1973-04-30 High-pressure gas discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime US3842304A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7206559A NL7206559A (no) 1972-05-16 1972-05-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3842304A true US3842304A (en) 1974-10-15

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ID=19816044

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00355905A Expired - Lifetime US3842304A (en) 1972-05-16 1973-04-30 High-pressure gas discharge lamp

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US3842304A (no)
JP (1) JPS4949481A (no)
AR (1) AR194072A1 (no)
AT (1) AT325712B (no)
AU (1) AU468095B2 (no)
BE (1) BE799512A (no)
BR (1) BR7303510D0 (no)
CA (1) CA970424A (no)
CH (1) CH566075A5 (no)
DE (1) DE2324090A1 (no)
ES (1) ES414745A1 (no)
FR (1) FR2184836B1 (no)
GB (1) GB1390572A (no)
IT (1) IT985899B (no)
NL (1) NL7206559A (no)
ZA (1) ZA732241B (no)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3900750A (en) * 1974-06-03 1975-08-19 Gte Sylvania Inc Metal halide discharge lamp having heat absorbing coating
US4342937A (en) * 1980-02-12 1982-08-03 Egyesult Izzolampa Es Villamossagi Rt. Metal halogen vapor lamp provided with a heat reflecting layer
EP0366187A1 (en) * 1988-10-24 1990-05-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. High-pressure discharge lamp
US4935668A (en) * 1988-02-18 1990-06-19 General Electric Company Metal halide lamp having vacuum shroud for improved performance
US5059865A (en) * 1988-02-18 1991-10-22 General Electric Company Xenon-metal halide lamp particularly suited for automotive applications
EP0506182A2 (en) * 1991-03-28 1992-09-30 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. High pressure gas discharge lamps
US5608227A (en) * 1994-09-12 1997-03-04 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Mercury-vapor high-pressure short-arc discharge lamp, and method and apparatus for exposure of semiconductor wafers to radiation emitted from said lamp
US20050116608A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-06-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Mercury-free-high-pressure gas discharge Lamp
WO2011131559A1 (de) * 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hochdruckentladungslampe

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51115739U (no) * 1975-03-17 1976-09-20
JPS5245901A (en) * 1975-10-08 1977-04-12 Showa Denko Kk Silencer of discharge type
JPS5281502U (no) * 1975-12-16 1977-06-17
JPS5294945A (en) * 1976-02-05 1977-08-10 Nishiyodo Tetsukou Kk Silencer for variable engines
JPS52108902U (no) * 1976-02-13 1977-08-18
DE2619674C2 (de) * 1976-05-04 1986-05-07 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 8000 München Halogen-Metalldampfentladungslampe
JPS5331205A (en) * 1976-09-04 1978-03-24 Sasakura Eng Co Ltd Mufflers for piping
JPS5426081A (en) * 1977-07-30 1979-02-27 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd Self-ballast discharge lamp
JPS595145Y2 (ja) * 1978-07-06 1984-02-16 株式会社クボタ エンジンの排気装置
JPS5817509Y2 (ja) * 1978-08-08 1983-04-08 孝造 山本 垂直水平両面用の掛吊具
JPS5716887Y2 (no) * 1978-08-08 1982-04-08
JPS57193011U (no) * 1981-05-29 1982-12-07
JPS57193010U (no) * 1981-05-29 1982-12-07
DE8337084U1 (de) * 1983-12-23 1985-05-30 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 8000 München Einseitig gesockelte kompakt-leuchtstofflampe
JPH0540248Y2 (no) * 1985-01-29 1993-10-13
JPS6234290U (no) * 1985-08-19 1987-02-28
DE4030820A1 (de) * 1990-09-28 1992-04-02 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Hochdruckentladungslampe
DE102004029364B4 (de) * 2004-01-28 2012-12-20 Advanced Photonics Technologies Ag Halogenlampe für das nahe Infrarot und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3513344A (en) * 1967-12-19 1970-05-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp High pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp containing lead iodide

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3513344A (en) * 1967-12-19 1970-05-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp High pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp containing lead iodide

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3900750A (en) * 1974-06-03 1975-08-19 Gte Sylvania Inc Metal halide discharge lamp having heat absorbing coating
US4342937A (en) * 1980-02-12 1982-08-03 Egyesult Izzolampa Es Villamossagi Rt. Metal halogen vapor lamp provided with a heat reflecting layer
US4935668A (en) * 1988-02-18 1990-06-19 General Electric Company Metal halide lamp having vacuum shroud for improved performance
US5059865A (en) * 1988-02-18 1991-10-22 General Electric Company Xenon-metal halide lamp particularly suited for automotive applications
EP0366187A1 (en) * 1988-10-24 1990-05-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. High-pressure discharge lamp
US5162693A (en) * 1988-10-24 1992-11-10 U.S. Philips Corporation High-pressure discharge lamp
EP0506182A2 (en) * 1991-03-28 1992-09-30 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. High pressure gas discharge lamps
EP0506182A3 (en) * 1991-03-28 1992-12-30 N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken High pressure gas discharge lamps
US5608227A (en) * 1994-09-12 1997-03-04 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Mercury-vapor high-pressure short-arc discharge lamp, and method and apparatus for exposure of semiconductor wafers to radiation emitted from said lamp
US20050116608A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-06-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Mercury-free-high-pressure gas discharge Lamp
US8269406B2 (en) * 2002-02-06 2012-09-18 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Mercury-free-high-pressure gas discharge lamp
WO2011131559A1 (de) * 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hochdruckentladungslampe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA419173A (de) 1975-01-15
AU5562373A (en) 1974-11-14
BR7303510D0 (pt) 1974-07-11
BE799512A (fr) 1973-11-14
FR2184836B1 (no) 1977-12-30
CA970424A (en) 1975-07-01
AR194072A1 (es) 1973-06-12
ES414745A1 (es) 1976-01-16
FR2184836A1 (no) 1973-12-28
JPS4949481A (no) 1974-05-14
GB1390572A (en) 1975-04-16
ZA732241B (en) 1974-11-27
CH566075A5 (no) 1975-08-29
NL7206559A (no) 1973-11-20
IT985899B (it) 1974-12-20
DE2324090A1 (de) 1973-12-06
AT325712B (de) 1975-11-10
AU468095B2 (en) 1975-12-18

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