US3841868A - Nickel alloys - Google Patents
Nickel alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3841868A US3841868A US00317594A US31759472A US3841868A US 3841868 A US3841868 A US 3841868A US 00317594 A US00317594 A US 00317594A US 31759472 A US31759472 A US 31759472A US 3841868 A US3841868 A US 3841868A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- alloy
- weight
- nickel
- chromium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000003564 dental alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/84—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising metals or alloys
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A corrosion resistant precision casting alloy'particularly suitable for use as a dental alloy comprises essentially, by weight, 15.0 to 25.0 percent chromium, 3.0 to 6.0 percent molybdenum, 1.0 to 4.0 percent tin, 0.5 to 1.5 percent manganese, 0.5 to 5.0 percent copper, 1.0 to 4.0 percent silicon, up to 1.0 percent aluminum, up to 1.0 percent cobalt, up to 0.2 percent carbon and the balance nickel.
- Prior Art Metals and metal alloys are used extensively in restorative and corrective dentistry for removable restorations, inlays, crowns and bridges, orthodontic appliances, and the like.
- Dental alloys must meet stringent physical and chemical requirements. First, the chemical nature of the alloy must be such that no harmful physiological effects are produced on the patient or the operator. The alloy must be stainless and resistant to attack bythe various acid and alkaline substances naturally present in the mouth and in foods and beverages. It must be capable of being fabricated into the desired dental appliances by dentists and technicians and yet must be hard enoughand strong enough to resist wear and deformation in use, and it must be capable of being cast to form precision castings free of inclusions, blow holes and other defects.
- Gold alloys were originally the most widely used and useful of the dental alloys. However, the high cost and scarcity of gold led to the development of dental alloys comprising predominantly cobalt and chromium with minor amounts of tungsten, nickel and other metals. These cobalt-chromium base dental alloys are exemplified by those disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 1,961,626 and 2,134,423 to Enrique G. Touceda. More recent work has led to the development of dental alloys comprising predominantly nickel and chromium with minor amounts of molybdenum, iron, copper and other metals. These newer nickel-chromium base dental alloys are exemplified by the alloy disclosed in US. Pat. No. 2,597,495 to Jackson and Simmons. All of these prior dental alloys possess to a greater or lesser extent the characteristics required of such alloys as previously discussed. However, none possesses all of the required characteristics to the optimum-extent, and research and development of new dental alloys with improved characteristics is constantly taking place.
- the improved corrosion resistant alloy of the invention comprises essentially, by weight, 15.0 to 25 percent chromium, 3.0 to 6.0 percent molybdenum, 1.0 to 4.0 percent tin, 0.5 to 1.5 percent manganese, 0.5 to 5.0 percent copper, 1.0 to 4.0 percent silicon, up to 1.0 percent aluminum, up to 1.0 percent cobalt, up to 0.2 percent carbon and the balance (52.3 to 79.0 percent) nickel.
- the resulting alloy is capable of being cast to form precision castings that are free of inclusions, blow to work while possessingadequate strength and hardness.
- the corrosion resistant alloy of our invention consists predominantly of nickel and chromium with minor but significant amounts of other metals that modify the physical properties (for example, its fusion point, hardness and workability) of the basic alloy composition.
- the proportion of nickel to chromium in the basic alloy composition may range from about 2:1 to about 5:1, and in the preferred composition is about 3.5:l.
- Nickel is the major component of the alloy and is employed for its inherent resistance to corrosion.
- Chromium, the other predominant component of the basic alloy composition enhances the corrosion resistance of the alloy and also is a solid solution/precipitationhardener.
- the alloy may contain small amounts of cobalt and aluminum, the latter as a deoxidizer and precipitation hardener, and a very small amount of carbon is usually present in the alloy.
- the alloy of the invention contains a small but significant amount of tin which greatly improves the fluidity of the molten alloy and also contributes to the strength and hardness of the cast alloy without unduly reducing the elongation of the alloy.
- the alloy composition of the invention should contain 15 to 25 percent'by weight chromium, 3.0 to 6.0 percent by weight molybdenum, 1.0 to 4.0 percent by weight tin, 0.5 to 1.5 percent by weight manganese, 0.5 to 5.0 percent byweight copper, 1.0 to 4.0 percent by weight silicon, up to 2.0 percent by weight aluminum, up to 1.0 percent by weight cobalt, up to 0.2 percent by weight carbon and the balance (about 52.3 to 79.0 percent by weight) nickel.
- tin is an essential constituent thereof.
- a corrosion resistant alloy which contains the aforementioned components in the amounts specified may be readily cast to produce precision castings that may be easily finished and that have the necessary strength and hardness for the applications intended.
- the presence of tin in the alloy composition effects a significant improvement in these essential characteristics.
- a base alloy composition comprising 68.25 parts by weight nickel, 20.0 parts by weight chromium, 4.5 parts by weight molybdenum and 1.25 parts by weight manganese was prepared by melting the substantially pure components in a crucible under an inert atmosphere,
- the alloy shape that was allowed to air-cool in its investment mold had a Rockwell B hardness of 83, and 0.2 percent yield strength of 49,500 psi and a maximum elongation of 13 percent.
- the alloy had a Rockwell B hardness of 82, and 0.2 percent yield strength of 42,500 psi and a maximum elongation of 17 percent. Further reductions in the Rockwell B hardness and the 0.2 percent yield strength to values of 80 and 42,000 psi respectively accompanied by an increase in the maximum elongation to 25 percent were accomplished by annealing of the alloy shape at 2,000F.
- the aluminum serving as a deoxidizer and precipitation hardening'agent.
- Other melts of the alloy were modified by the inclusion therein of up to 2.0 percent by weight aluminum and up to 1.0 percent by weight cobalt. Some alloy melts contained up to 0.2 percent by weight carbon. All possessed the improved physical properties characteristic of the alloy compositions of the invention.
- a corrosion resistant, hot workable and hardenable precision casting alloy consisting essentially, by weight
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
Priority Applications (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00317594A US3841868A (en) | 1972-12-22 | 1972-12-22 | Nickel alloys |
| GB5589973A GB1415969A (en) | 1972-12-22 | 1973-12-03 | Nickel base alloy |
| DE2362588A DE2362588C3 (de) | 1972-12-22 | 1973-12-17 | Korrosionsbeständige Präzisionsgußlegierung |
| IL43842A IL43842A (en) | 1972-12-22 | 1973-12-17 | Corrosion-resistant alloys for precise castings |
| CH1778173A CH585271A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-12-22 | 1973-12-19 | |
| JP14141373A JPS5512089B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-12-22 | 1973-12-19 | |
| FR7346120A FR2211535B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-12-22 | 1973-12-21 | |
| IE2313/73A IE38669B1 (en) | 1972-12-22 | 1973-12-21 | Nickel base alloy |
| CA188,759A CA994129A (en) | 1972-12-22 | 1973-12-21 | Nickel base alloy |
| US509557A US3907555A (en) | 1972-12-22 | 1974-09-26 | Nickel alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00317594A US3841868A (en) | 1972-12-22 | 1972-12-22 | Nickel alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3841868A true US3841868A (en) | 1974-10-15 |
Family
ID=23234393
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00317594A Expired - Lifetime US3841868A (en) | 1972-12-22 | 1972-12-22 | Nickel alloys |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3841868A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPS5512089B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA994129A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CH (1) | CH585271A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2362588C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2211535B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1415969A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| IE (1) | IE38669B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| IL (1) | IL43842A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3948653A (en) * | 1975-06-02 | 1976-04-06 | Howmedica | Novel nonprecious alloy suitable for fusion to porcelain |
| US3953203A (en) * | 1975-01-24 | 1976-04-27 | Dentsply Research & Development Corporation | Jewelry alloys |
| US4012228A (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1977-03-15 | Howmedica, Inc. | Low intrinsic value alloys |
| US4038074A (en) * | 1976-07-19 | 1977-07-26 | Astro | Metal alloy composition |
| US4210447A (en) * | 1974-05-01 | 1980-07-01 | Unitek Corporation | Dental restorations using castings of non-precious metals |
| US4243412A (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1981-01-06 | Sybron Corporation | Dental alloy |
| US6103383A (en) * | 1998-01-27 | 2000-08-15 | Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated | High tungsten, silicon-aluminum dental alloy |
| WO2005011820A1 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2005-02-10 | Callaway Golf Company | High density alloy for improved mass properties of an article |
| CN109355516A (zh) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-19 | 沈阳理工大学 | 一种多孔镍合金及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0218379B1 (en) * | 1985-09-12 | 1989-12-13 | Bell-Irh Limited | Nickel-based alloys for high temperature applications |
| US4749546A (en) * | 1985-09-12 | 1988-06-07 | Bell-Irh Proprietary Limited | Nickel based alloys for high temperature applications |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2597495A (en) * | 1950-08-03 | 1952-05-20 | Illium Corp | Hot workable nickel alloy |
| US2743176A (en) * | 1954-12-06 | 1956-04-24 | Wankesha Foundry Company | Alloy and method of manufacture thereof |
-
1972
- 1972-12-22 US US00317594A patent/US3841868A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1973
- 1973-12-03 GB GB5589973A patent/GB1415969A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-12-17 IL IL43842A patent/IL43842A/en unknown
- 1973-12-17 DE DE2362588A patent/DE2362588C3/de not_active Expired
- 1973-12-19 JP JP14141373A patent/JPS5512089B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1973-12-19 CH CH1778173A patent/CH585271A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-12-21 CA CA188,759A patent/CA994129A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-12-21 IE IE2313/73A patent/IE38669B1/xx unknown
- 1973-12-21 FR FR7346120A patent/FR2211535B1/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2597495A (en) * | 1950-08-03 | 1952-05-20 | Illium Corp | Hot workable nickel alloy |
| US2743176A (en) * | 1954-12-06 | 1956-04-24 | Wankesha Foundry Company | Alloy and method of manufacture thereof |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4210447A (en) * | 1974-05-01 | 1980-07-01 | Unitek Corporation | Dental restorations using castings of non-precious metals |
| US3953203A (en) * | 1975-01-24 | 1976-04-27 | Dentsply Research & Development Corporation | Jewelry alloys |
| US3948653A (en) * | 1975-06-02 | 1976-04-06 | Howmedica | Novel nonprecious alloy suitable for fusion to porcelain |
| US4012228A (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1977-03-15 | Howmedica, Inc. | Low intrinsic value alloys |
| DE2720495A1 (de) | 1976-05-14 | 1977-11-17 | Howmedica | Legierungen mit geringem eigenwert |
| US4038074A (en) * | 1976-07-19 | 1977-07-26 | Astro | Metal alloy composition |
| US4243412A (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1981-01-06 | Sybron Corporation | Dental alloy |
| US6103383A (en) * | 1998-01-27 | 2000-08-15 | Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated | High tungsten, silicon-aluminum dental alloy |
| WO2005011820A1 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2005-02-10 | Callaway Golf Company | High density alloy for improved mass properties of an article |
| GB2418868A (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2006-04-12 | Callaway Golf Co | High density alloy for improved mass properties of an article |
| GB2418868B (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2007-10-17 | Callaway Golf Co | High density alloy for improved mass properties of an article |
| CN100421746C (zh) * | 2003-07-28 | 2008-10-01 | 卡拉韦高尔夫公司 | 一种高尔夫球棒头 |
| CN109355516A (zh) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-19 | 沈阳理工大学 | 一种多孔镍合金及其制备方法 |
| CN109355516B (zh) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-06-30 | 沈阳理工大学 | 一种多孔镍合金及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2211535A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-07-19 |
| IE38669L (en) | 1974-06-22 |
| DE2362588A1 (de) | 1974-07-04 |
| JPS5512089B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1980-03-29 |
| CA994129A (en) | 1976-08-03 |
| IE38669B1 (en) | 1978-05-10 |
| IL43842A0 (en) | 1974-03-14 |
| IL43842A (en) | 1976-07-30 |
| DE2362588C3 (de) | 1981-10-29 |
| CH585271A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1977-02-28 |
| FR2211535B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1979-01-26 |
| GB1415969A (en) | 1975-12-03 |
| JPS49101218A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-09-25 |
| DE2362588B2 (de) | 1981-02-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AUSTENAL INTERNATIONAL, INC., 5101 SOUTH KEELER AV Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:HOMEDICA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004351/0080 Effective date: 19850703 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NOBELPHARMA AB, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN A SWEDISH CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:AUSTENAL INTERNATIONAL, INC;REEL/FRAME:004906/0339 Effective date: 19880127 Owner name: NOBELPHARMA AB,SWEDEN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AUSTENAL INTERNATIONAL, INC;REEL/FRAME:004906/0339 Effective date: 19880127 |