US2597495A - Hot workable nickel alloy - Google Patents
Hot workable nickel alloy Download PDFInfo
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- US2597495A US2597495A US177556A US17755650A US2597495A US 2597495 A US2597495 A US 2597495A US 177556 A US177556 A US 177556A US 17755650 A US17755650 A US 17755650A US 2597495 A US2597495 A US 2597495A
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- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013003 hot bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012999 compression bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
Definitions
- This invention relates to corrosion resistant alloysand particularly to alloys characterized by their unusual high resistance to corrosion, the ease with which they can be hot-worked, and their resistance to scale formation during hot working. More particularly, the invention relates to improvements in nickel-chromium alloys.
- compositions Since the development of the original alloy, the composition has been modilied and the recent composition prior to the present invention is substantially as follows: chromium 22.5%, molybdenum 6.4%, iron 6.5%, copper 6.5%, manganese 1.25%, silicon 0.65%, carbon 0.20%, balance nickel (56.0%). All compositions given herein are on a weight basis.
- the said known nickel-chromium alloy while of great utility because of its extraordinary resistance to oxidizing and non-oxidizing acids, has
- the alloy of the present invention in addition to possessing superior corrosion resisting properties, is capable of being readily forged, rolled, drawn, etc. utilizing standard commercial machinery such as is at present used in For. vexam ne, whereas the prior alloy when hot" rolled gouldnot successfully be reduced in thickthe-production of steel and stainless steel.
- the present alloy' can be reduced at the rate of 10% to 20% per pass in commercial machinery.
- reductions in thickness as great as 65% have been accomplished.
- this hot-ductility exists in a 400 degree F. temperature range from1950 F. to 2350 F. without brittleness, while with. the prior alloy the ductility range was only about 100 degrees F., usually from 2000 F. to 2100 F.
- the actual hot ductility of the alloy is greater than that of the prior alloy.
- the alloy possesses a high degree of resistance to oxidation and there is a remarkable freedom from scale formation at temperatures from room'temperature (70 F.) to 2350 F. Also, it possesses great strength at temperatures up to 1900- F. Actual tests will be described hereinafter demonstrating the superior corrosion resistance-and'hotworkability of the'alloy of the invention.
- composition of the improved alloy is as follows:
- nickel and chromium may be at the maximum amounts; if the amount of carbon does not exceed. .05 all of the elements, other than carbon and nickel may be at the maximum amounts. With the exception of thesetwo conditions, all of the elements, other than nickel, may be at the maximum amounts given in the foregoing ranges, and all of the elements, other than nickel, may be at the minimum amounts in said ranges, and an alloy will in each case result which has excellent corrosion resistance, hot
- the preferred composition for the alloy of the 1 present invention is asfollows: chromium'.20%
- a suitable method for forming. the alloy is as follows: The chromium, iron, carbon, nickel and copper are charged into a furnace andheating. of the furnace is commenced. Melting of the metal is carried out under oxidizing conditions. The use of a nickelous oxide slag produces very satisfactory results. After a substantial bath of molten metal has been formed, the molybdenum is added and heating is continued until the metal is molten and the temperature has reached about 2850 F. to 2900 F. Any slag present on the molten bath is removed. After this operation, suificient manganese. and silicon are added to effect desulfurization and deoxidation while. holding the residual amounts of. these metals at a mminimum.
- a slag is then added which serves as a protective cover for the molten metal.
- a suitable slag for this purpose is one-composed of lime, alumina and magnesia, and it is maintained in reducing condition by small additions of aluminum.
- Test 2 4 Test 3 An alloy having the same composition as that used in Test 1 was immersed in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, containing 10% by weight of H2504. for 48 hours, the procedure of the test being the same as that described in connection with Test 1. The average corrosion was equivalent to a reduction in thickness of .01133 inch per year.
- Test 4 An alloy similar to that described in connection with Test 2 was immersed in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution containing 10% by weight of H2804 for 48 hours, the test procedure being the same as in Test 1. The average corrosion was equivalent to a reduction in thickness of .01000 inch per year.
- the present and former alloys were subjected tohot compression and hot bending tests.
- a one inch cube of the metal was held in the furnace at the desired temperature for one half hour and then compressed the desired controlled amount quickly so that there was no loss in temperature during the operation.
- Such tests have been carried out using either a single blow of a forging hammer or the pressure of a quick acting hydraulic press.
- the alloy of the present invention was successfully compressed to one third its original thickness at temperatures from 2000 F. to 2300 F., the sides bulging without exhibiting any cracking.
- the former alloy withstood compression to 57% of its original thickness at only 1800" F. to 1900 F. and at temperatures outside this'range or at higher degrees of compression it exhibited severe cracking.
- a specimen x 1" at 3 /3" was'flrstprepared by forging and cutting and given an initial bend of 20 degrees at its mid-point while cold. It was then placed in the furnace and held at the desired hot-bending temperature for one half hour and then quickly pressed by a hydraulic press into the form of a U and the sides of the U pressed together. If the specimen underwent this bending without developing any surface cracks, it was considered to be, satisfactory.
- the alloy of the present invention consistently tested satisfactory at temperaures: from 2000 F. 1202300 F.
- Theformer-alIoy could not be consistently bent as described at temperatures from 1600 F. to 2400 F. In the narrow range of 2000 F. to 2100 F. a few specimens were successfully bent, but only a small proportion of the number of specimens tested in this range.
- the composition of the alloy of the present invention which was tested was nickel 64%, chromium 22%, molybdenum 5%, iron 6%, copper 2.5%, manganese .35%, silicon .15%, carbon .05%.
- the composition of the previously known alloy which was tested was nickel 57.9%, chromium -23.6%, molybdenum 6.4%, iron 6.5%, copper 4%, manganese 1.75%, silicon 35% and carbon .10%.
- the alloy of the present invention possesses superior ductility when hot and that it possesses ductility over a relatively wide temperature range. It exhibits the additional advantage mentioned heretofore that it is remarkably free from scale formation during hot working, and in this respect is superior to the previously known alloy.
- a corrosion-resistant, hot-workable alloy comprising essentially by weight chromium 17% to 24%, molybdenum 3% to 5%, iron less than copper 1.5% to 4%, carbon .02% to .15%, and the balance nickel.
- a corrosion-resistant hot-workable alloy comprising essentially by weight chromium 17% to 24%, molybdenum 3% to 5%, iron less than 10%, copper 1.5% to 4%, manganese less than 6 0.6%, silicon less than 0.4%, carbon .02% to .15%, and the balance nickel.
- a corrosion-resistant, hot-workable alloy comprising essentially by weight chromium 20% to 23%, molybdenum 4% to 5%, iron 5% to 7%, copper 2% to 3%, carbon .03% to .08%, and the balance nickel.
- a corrosion-resistant, hot-workable alloy comprising essentially by weight chromium 17% to 24%, molybdenum 3% to 5%. iron less than 10%, copper 1.5% to 4%, carbon .02% to .05%, and the balance nickel.
- a corrosion-resistant, hot-workable alloy comprising essentially by weight chromium 17% to 18%, molybdenum 3% to 5%, iron less than 10%, copper 1.5% to 4%, carbon .02% to .15%, and the balance nickel.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Description
Patented May 20, 1952 HOT WORKABLE NICKEL ALLOY John Harry Jackson and rien W. Simmons,
Columbus, Ohio, assignors, by mesne assignments, to The Illium Corporation, Freeport,,Ill., a corporation of Delaware I No Drawing. Application August 3,
Serial N0; 177,556
Claims.
This invention relates to corrosion resistant alloysand particularly to alloys characterized by their unusual high resistance to corrosion, the ease with which they can be hot-worked, and their resistance to scale formation during hot working. More particularly, the invention relates to improvements in nickel-chromium alloys.
A previously known alloy of this type was de- .Veloped by the late Professor S. W. Parr of the University of Illinois and is described in United States Patent 1,115,239, dated October 27, 1914 and was reported by Professor Parr in the Transactions of the American Institute of Metals, volume 9, pages 2112l7, 1915. This original alloy was developed of base metals primarily for use incalorimete'r bombs. It has been known and widely used since its development, its utility having resulted from its economical base metal composition coupled with its resistance to corrosion, density, strength when subjected to high pressure, and also its machinability. Its use has been almost entirely confined to the making of castings because it possessed only limited hotworkability. Since the development of the original alloy, the composition has been modilied and the recent composition prior to the present invention is substantially as follows: chromium 22.5%, molybdenum 6.4%, iron 6.5%, copper 6.5%, manganese 1.25%, silicon 0.65%, carbon 0.20%, balance nickel (56.0%). All compositions given herein are on a weight basis. I
The said known nickel-chromium alloy, while of great utility because of its extraordinary resistance to oxidizing and non-oxidizing acids, has
been essentially limited as stated heretoforeto e the making of castings because it does not possess the hot-ductility required for hot working operations such as forging, rolling, drawing, etc. For example, in hot rolling such alloy, special equipment and laborious technique have been required. Also, the range of ductility has been small and the alloy isnot workable except in this narrow range. As a result, the alloy was not forged or otherwise hot-worked to any substantial extent and ingots large enough to be con-- 1 sidered of commercial size were never successfully hot-worked.
In contrast, the alloy of the present invention, in addition to possessing superior corrosion resisting properties, is capable of being readily forged, rolled, drawn, etc. utilizing standard commercial machinery such as is at present used in For. vexam ne, whereas the prior alloy when hot" rolled gouldnot successfully be reduced in thickthe-production of steel and stainless steel.
ness at a rate ofmore than 1% per pass, the present alloy' can be reduced at the rate of 10% to 20% per pass in commercial machinery. "In experimental tests, reductions in thickness as great as 65% have been accomplished. Also, this hot-ductility exists in a 400 degree F. temperature range from1950 F. to 2350 F. without brittleness, while with. the prior alloy the ductility range was only about 100 degrees F., usually from 2000 F. to 2100 F. In addition, the actual hot ductility of the alloy is greater than that of the prior alloy. .In addition, the alloy possesses a high degree of resistance to oxidation and there is a remarkable freedom from scale formation at temperatures from room'temperature (70 F.) to 2350 F. Also, it possesses great strength at temperatures up to 1900- F. Actual tests will be described hereinafter demonstrating the superior corrosion resistance-and'hotworkability of the'alloy of the invention.
It is, therefore, the object of the invention to provide an alloy of, the character described which possesses superior corrosion resistance and hot-workability and also the other desirable properties described heretofore.
In accordance with the present invention, the
composition of the improved alloy is as follows:
chromium 17% to 24%, molybdenum'3% to 5%,
1 copper 1.5% to 4%., iron less than 10%, carbon .02% to .15%, manganese and silicon not more than the maximum amounts described hereinafter andthe balance nickel. For best results, the maximum amounts of all of the elements other than nickel as given in the foregoing ranges may not be present in the alloy. Best results are obtained when the maximum amounts given in said ranges are used with the following limitations. 'If the amount of chromium does not exceed 18%, all of the elements, other than,
nickel and chromium, may be at the maximum amounts; if the amount of carbon does not exceed. .05 all of the elements, other than carbon and nickel may be at the maximum amounts. With the exception of thesetwo conditions, all of the elements, other than nickel, may be at the maximum amounts given in the foregoing ranges, and all of the elements, other than nickel, may be at the minimum amounts in said ranges, and an alloy will in each case result which has excellent corrosion resistance, hot
I workability, and resistanceto scale formation while being hot worked. i; The preferred composition for the alloy of the 1 present invention is asfollows: chromium'.20%
to 23%, molybdenum 4%;to 5%,copper. 2%
to 3%, iron 5% to 7%, carbon .03% to .08%, manganese and silicon not more than the maximum amounts described hereinafter, the balance being nickel. Any combination of elements within the ranges set forth in the foregoing preferred composition may be used and will result in an alloy having superior resistance to corrosion, hot workability, and resistance to scale formation while being worked.
A suitable method for forming. the alloy is as follows: The chromium, iron, carbon, nickel and copper are charged into a furnace andheating. of the furnace is commenced. Melting of the metal is carried out under oxidizing conditions. The use of a nickelous oxide slag produces very satisfactory results. After a substantial bath of molten metal has been formed, the molybdenum is added and heating is continued until the metal is molten and the temperature has reached about 2850 F. to 2900 F. Any slag present on the molten bath is removed. After this operation, suificient manganese. and silicon are added to effect desulfurization and deoxidation while. holding the residual amounts of. these metals at a mminimum. A slag is then added which serves as a protective cover for the molten metal. A suitable slag for this purpose is one-composed of lime, alumina and magnesia, and it is maintained in reducing condition by small additions of aluminum. Final traces of oxygen, nitrogen and present invention, the following test results are given Test 1.
A previously known alloy having the analysis chromium 22%, molybdenum 6.5%, iron 6.7%,
copper 6.2%, manganese 1.2%, silicon 55%, carbon 23%, and the balance nickel was immersed in a boiling aqueous nitric acid solution, containing 65% by weight of HNO3. During immersion the specimen was supported on three pointed supporting members of glass. Immersion was continued for 48 hours. The specimen was then removed. from the acidbath, rinsed with distilled water and then. with ethyl alcohol. It was then dried and weighed. The loss in weight was computed in terms of the reduction in thickness which a large plate of the alloy would undergo under similar corrosion conditions in a period of one year, which is a commonly used method of presenting corrosion data. For the alloy in question, the average corrosion of several specimens was equivalent. to a .reduction in thickness of 0.37550 inch per year.
Test 2 4 Test 3 An alloy having the same composition as that used in Test 1 was immersed in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, containing 10% by weight of H2504. for 48 hours, the procedure of the test being the same as that described in connection with Test 1. The average corrosion was equivalent to a reduction in thickness of .01133 inch per year.
Test 4 An alloy similar to that described in connection with Test 2 was immersed in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution containing 10% by weight of H2804 for 48 hours, the test procedure being the same as in Test 1. The average corrosion was equivalent to a reduction in thickness of .01000 inch per year.
The above tests show the superior corrosion resistance of the alloy of the present invention. With respect to hot workability, ingots of the alloy of the present invention after being forged into a rod- 2- inches square in cross section have been successfully rolled into the form of a cylindrical rod inch in diameter on a highspeed continuous rod mill such as is used in the commercial rolling of steel, in which a reduction in transverse dimensions of approximately 20% was accomplished at each pass. The total reduction was accomplished with one heating, that is, without any reheating between passes. Rolling such as this was impossible with the previously known type of alloy, in which a reduction of 1.0% in transverse dimension was the most which could be accomplished at one pass and required special machinery and frequent reheating. Furthermore, with the present alloy such rolling has been successfully accomplished at various temperatures from 1950" F. to 2350 F., showing that it can be done at any temperature in this range. With the former alloy the rolling could be accomplished only in the range 2000 F. to 2100 F.
As further evidence of hot workability, the present and former alloys were subjected tohot compression and hot bending tests. In the hot compression test, a one inch cube of the metal was held in the furnace at the desired temperature for one half hour and then compressed the desired controlled amount quickly so that there was no loss in temperature during the operation. Such tests have been carried out using either a single blow of a forging hammer or the pressure of a quick acting hydraulic press. The alloy of the present invention was successfully compressed to one third its original thickness at temperatures from 2000 F. to 2300 F., the sides bulging without exhibiting any cracking. In contrast to this the former alloy withstood compression to 57% of its original thickness at only 1800" F. to 1900 F. and at temperatures outside this'range or at higher degrees of compression it exhibited severe cracking.
For the hot-bending test, a specimen x 1" at 3 /3" was'flrstprepared by forging and cutting and given an initial bend of 20 degrees at its mid-point while cold. It was then placed in the furnace and held at the desired hot-bending temperature for one half hour and then quickly pressed by a hydraulic press into the form of a U and the sides of the U pressed together. If the specimen underwent this bending without developing any surface cracks, it was considered to be, satisfactory. The alloy of the present invention consistently tested satisfactory at temperaures: from 2000 F. 1202300 F. Theformer-alIoy could not be consistently bent as described at temperatures from 1600 F. to 2400 F. In the narrow range of 2000 F. to 2100 F. a few specimens were successfully bent, but only a small proportion of the number of specimens tested in this range.
In the rolling, compression and bending tests described in the foregoing, the composition of the alloy of the present invention which was tested was nickel 64%, chromium 22%, molybdenum 5%, iron 6%, copper 2.5%, manganese .35%, silicon .15%, carbon .05%. The composition of the previously known alloy which was tested was nickel 57.9%, chromium -23.6%, molybdenum 6.4%, iron 6.5%, copper 4%, manganese 1.75%, silicon 35% and carbon .10%.
The foregoing information shows that the alloy of the present invention possesses superior ductility when hot and that it possesses ductility over a relatively wide temperature range. It exhibits the additional advantage mentioned heretofore that it is remarkably free from scale formation during hot working, and in this respect is superior to the previously known alloy.
What is claimed is:
1. A corrosion-resistant, hot-workable alloy comprising essentially by weight chromium 17% to 24%, molybdenum 3% to 5%, iron less than copper 1.5% to 4%, carbon .02% to .15%, and the balance nickel.
2. A corrosion-resistant hot-workable alloy comprising essentially by weight chromium 17% to 24%, molybdenum 3% to 5%, iron less than 10%, copper 1.5% to 4%, manganese less than 6 0.6%, silicon less than 0.4%, carbon .02% to .15%, and the balance nickel.
3. A corrosion-resistant, hot-workable alloy comprising essentially by weight chromium 20% to 23%, molybdenum 4% to 5%, iron 5% to 7%, copper 2% to 3%, carbon .03% to .08%, and the balance nickel.
4. A corrosion-resistant, hot-workable alloy comprising essentially by weight chromium 17% to 24%, molybdenum 3% to 5%. iron less than 10%, copper 1.5% to 4%, carbon .02% to .05%, and the balance nickel.
5. A corrosion-resistant, hot-workable alloy comprising essentially by weight chromium 17% to 18%, molybdenum 3% to 5%, iron less than 10%, copper 1.5% to 4%, carbon .02% to .15%, and the balance nickel.
JOHN HARRY JACKSON. ORIEN W. SIMMONS.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,115,238 Parr Oct. 27, 1914 1,115,239 Parr Oct. 27, 1914 2,103,855 La Bour Dec. 28, 1937 2,293,878 Allen et al Aug. 25, 1942 OTHER REFERENCES Parr, Treatise in Trans. of The Amer. Inst. of Metals, vol. IX, 1915, pages 211-217.
Claims (1)
- 2. AN CORROSION-RESISTANT, HOT-WORKABLE ALLOY COMPRISING ESSENTIALLY BY WEIGHT CHROMIUM 17% TO 24%, MOLYBDENUM 3% TO 5%, FROM LESS THAN 10%, COPPER 1.5% TO 4%, MANGANESE LESS THAN 0.6%, SILICON LESS THAN 0.4%, CARBON .02% TO .15%, AND THE BALANCE NICKEL.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US177556A US2597495A (en) | 1950-08-03 | 1950-08-03 | Hot workable nickel alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US177556A US2597495A (en) | 1950-08-03 | 1950-08-03 | Hot workable nickel alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2597495A true US2597495A (en) | 1952-05-20 |
Family
ID=22649058
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US177556A Expired - Lifetime US2597495A (en) | 1950-08-03 | 1950-08-03 | Hot workable nickel alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2597495A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2938787A (en) * | 1959-07-30 | 1960-05-31 | Stainless Foundry & Engineerin | Nickel-base alloy containing boron |
| US2938786A (en) * | 1959-07-29 | 1960-05-31 | Stainless Foundry & Engineerin | Nickel base alloys containing boron and silicon |
| US3008822A (en) * | 1959-07-30 | 1961-11-14 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Nickel-base alloys |
| US3841868A (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-10-15 | Howmedica | Nickel alloys |
| JPS50149176A (en) * | 1974-04-24 | 1975-11-29 | ||
| US4012228A (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1977-03-15 | Howmedica, Inc. | Low intrinsic value alloys |
| US4836985A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1989-06-06 | Carondelet Foundry Company | Ni-Cr-Fe corrosion resistant alloy |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1115238A (en) * | 1912-06-24 | 1914-10-27 | Samuel W Parr | Calorimeter. |
| US1115239A (en) * | 1914-02-27 | 1914-10-27 | Samuel W Parr | Alloy. |
| US2103855A (en) * | 1935-05-27 | 1937-12-28 | Bour Company Inc | Alloy |
| US2293878A (en) * | 1942-03-30 | 1942-08-25 | Driver Co Wilbur B | Electrical resistance alloy |
-
1950
- 1950-08-03 US US177556A patent/US2597495A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1115238A (en) * | 1912-06-24 | 1914-10-27 | Samuel W Parr | Calorimeter. |
| US1115239A (en) * | 1914-02-27 | 1914-10-27 | Samuel W Parr | Alloy. |
| US2103855A (en) * | 1935-05-27 | 1937-12-28 | Bour Company Inc | Alloy |
| US2293878A (en) * | 1942-03-30 | 1942-08-25 | Driver Co Wilbur B | Electrical resistance alloy |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2938786A (en) * | 1959-07-29 | 1960-05-31 | Stainless Foundry & Engineerin | Nickel base alloys containing boron and silicon |
| US2938787A (en) * | 1959-07-30 | 1960-05-31 | Stainless Foundry & Engineerin | Nickel-base alloy containing boron |
| US3008822A (en) * | 1959-07-30 | 1961-11-14 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Nickel-base alloys |
| US3841868A (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-10-15 | Howmedica | Nickel alloys |
| JPS50149176A (en) * | 1974-04-24 | 1975-11-29 | ||
| US4012228A (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1977-03-15 | Howmedica, Inc. | Low intrinsic value alloys |
| DE2720495A1 (en) | 1976-05-14 | 1977-11-17 | Howmedica | ALLOYS WITH LOW VALUE |
| US4836985A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1989-06-06 | Carondelet Foundry Company | Ni-Cr-Fe corrosion resistant alloy |
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