US2293878A - Electrical resistance alloy - Google Patents
Electrical resistance alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2293878A US2293878A US436912A US43691242A US2293878A US 2293878 A US2293878 A US 2293878A US 436912 A US436912 A US 436912A US 43691242 A US43691242 A US 43691242A US 2293878 A US2293878 A US 2293878A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- electrical resistance
- resistivity
- temperature
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 38
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 38
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WAKHLWOJMHVUJC-FYWRMAATSA-N (2e)-2-hydroxyimino-1,2-diphenylethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=N/O)\C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WAKHLWOJMHVUJC-FYWRMAATSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000896 Manganin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018651 Mn—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
Definitions
- This invention relates to electrical resistance alloys and has for its object theprovision of a high resistance alloy having a relatively low temperature coefficient of, resistivity, particularly in the range of temperatures below' about Another object is to provide an electrical resistance alloy suitable for use as a resistor ele-' ment in electrical devices, apparatus and circuits.
- Still another object is to provide an electrical resistance alloy consisting predominately of of the alloy .at any temperature range C.-300 C.
- the copperand aluminum' additions to the alloy are made at the ei rpense of the nickel content of the alloy and may be added in various percentages; within the ranges above nickel and containing chromium 10% to 30% in which the normal electrical resistance is materially increased and the temperature coefilcient of resistivity is materially lowered without material loss of hot and cold workability.
- copper and aluminum, incombination' are particularly effective, in alloys of nickel and chromium, as agents for increasing the electrical resistance of the alloy and for lowering the temperature coemcient of resistivity and that, in general, copper in amounts up to-3%' and Al in total amounts up to 5%,
- a copper content muchin excess of about 3% is undesirable for the reason that the hot workability of the alloy is detrimentally efiected.
- alloy, in wireform has an electrical resistance of about 900 ohms per circular mil toot at 20 C. and has a temperature coeflicient of resistivity of .00000'7 ohm per ohm per degree centigrade;
- sistivity 0'1 a nickel-chromium alloy containing 80% Ni and 20% Cr within the temperature range 20-100 C. is .00014 ohm per ohm per degree centigrade, and the electrical resistance at 20 C. approximates 650 ohms per circular mil .foot (C. M. F.).
- the temperature coemcient of resistivity of thisalloy is too high for use as a resistor element in high accuracy electrical de-, vices, apparatus and circuits. It is desired by the practice of the presentinvention to lower the temperature coeflicient oi resistivity of this alloy to a value below .0001 1 ohm.
- copper and aluminum additions to this alloy in total amount not over about 6% Q. fact at 20 C. and has a temperature coefllcie'nt I centigrade. Alloy #3, above, as far as its temperature co- (2) An alloy containing Al 4%, cu Cr 20%, and Ni 75.50%.
- This alloy in wire form, has an electrical resistance 01' about 800 ohms per circular mil toot at -20" C. and has a temperature coeflicient o! resistivity of .00004 ohms per ohm per degree centig'rade.
- This alloy,flin wire form has an electrical resistance or about 7'75 ohmsper circular mil oi resistivityof .00002 ohm per ohm per degree with copper not over about 3% and A1 not over ei'flcient of resistivity is concerned is equal to the usual type of Gum and Cu-Mn-Ni resistor alloys heretofore employed in electrical devices, apparatus and circuits, such as those known in the art as Cupron (Cu 55%; Ni 45%) and Manganin (Cu 84%; Mn 12%; Ni 4%) but has an electrical resistance of 7'75 as compared to an' electrical resistance of about 290 for these old types of alloys.
- Alloy #1 as far as its temperature coeflicient of resistivity is concerned is far better than the well known Fe'Cr-AI alloy known in the art as ohmaloy containing 80% Fe, 15% Cr and Al, and has a materially higher electrical resistance, with the added advantage that alloy #1 is austenitic in structure and is non-magnetic. It, therefore, is of greater utility for use as radio resistor elements than is the: Ohmaloy alloy.
- Alloy #2 is about half as good as alloy #3 insofar as its temperature coefiicient of resistivity is concerned, but its materially higher electrical resistance over either Cupron or Manganin places it in a position to be preferred over these alloys as instrument and radio resistors, shunts and in various types of thermocouples.
- the Al lieved apparentthat the Cr may be varied within the range to 30% with resultant increase vention and the three specific embodiments thereof, it is believed apparent that the same may be widely varied without essential departure therefrom and allsuch are contemplated as may fall within the scope of the following claims.
- An electrical resistance alloy consisting of chromium 10 to 30%, Al from small fractional percentages up to about 5%, Cu from small fractional percentages up to about 3%, with the total Al and Cu not over about 6%, balance nickel.
- An electrical resistance alloy consisting of chromium about Al from small fractional percentages up to about 5%, Cu from small fractional percentages up to about 3%, with the total Al and Cu not over about 6%, balance nickel.
- An electrical resistance alloy consisting of ch1'omium 20%, Al 4%, Cu 2%, balance Ni.
- An electrical resistance alloy consisting of Cr 20%, Al 4%, Cu 50%, balance Ni.
- An electrical resistance alloy consisting of Cr 20%, Al 3%, Cu 3%, balance Ni.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
Description
Patented Aug. 25, 1942 ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE ALLOY Victor 0. Allen, Madison, and Joseph Elolak, Newark, N. J.-, assignors to Wilbur B..Driver Company, Newark, N. 3., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application March 30, Serial N0. 436,912
'Claims. (c1. 75-i71) This invention relates to electrical resistance alloys and has for its object theprovision of a high resistance alloy having a relatively low temperature coefficient of, resistivity, particularly in the range of temperatures below' about Another object is to provide an electrical resistance alloy suitable for use as a resistor ele-' ment in electrical devices, apparatus and circuits.
Still another object is to provide an electrical resistance alloy consisting predominately of of the alloy .at any temperature range C.-300 C.
about 5%, will effectively lower the temperature coeflicient of resistivity of the nickel-chromium alloy from the normal value of .00014 ohm to.
a value as low as .00002, and will at the same time markedly increase the electrical resistance within the In general, the copperand aluminum' additions to the alloy are made at the ei rpense of the nickel content of the alloy and may be added in various percentages; within the ranges above nickel and containing chromium 10% to 30% in which the normal electrical resistance is materially increased and the temperature coefilcient of resistivity is materially lowered without material loss of hot and cold workability.
Other objects and advantages will be apparent as the invention is more fully hereinafter disclosed.
-In accordance with these objects, we have discovered that copper and aluminum, incombination', are particularly effective, in alloys of nickel and chromium, as agents for increasing the electrical resistance of the alloy and for lowering the temperature coemcient of resistivity and that, in general, copper in amounts up to-3%' and Al in total amounts up to 5%,
but Cu and Al combined in total amount not over about 6% may be employed for this purpose without seriously impairing the normal hot and cold workabilityoi the'base nickel-chromium alloy.
-As one specific embodiment of the present'invention, but not as a limitation thereof, the adaptation of the'same to a well known nickelchromium alloy containing-80% Ni and 20% Cr heretofore employed as an electric resistance alloy will he described. a
The normal temperature coeflicient of regiven and in different relative proportions to obtain a plurality ofhigh resistance alloys of progressively lower temperature coefflcients of resistivity and difierent electrical resistances.
A copper content muchin excess of about 3% is undesirable for the reason that the hot workability of the alloy is detrimentally efiected. An
' Al content of much over 5% is undesirable for the reason that both the hot and cold workability of the alloy is deterimentally effected. -A
total amount of over about 6% of the two constituents (Al and Cu) is undesirable for the reason that cold drawing properties of the alloy, especially at small diameters, appears detri-' mentally eflected.
The following three (3) examples of the present invention are illustrative of the effect of variation of Al and Cu within the ranges given on the electrical resistance and the temperature coeflicient of resistivity of the base Cr-Ni alloy employed:
(1) An alloy containing Al 4%, Cu 2%, Cr
20% and Ni 74%.
alloy, in wireform, has an electrical resistance of about 900 ohms per circular mil toot at 20 C. and has a temperature coeflicient of resistivity of .00000'7 ohm per ohm per degree centigrade;
sistivity 0'1 a nickel-chromium alloy containing 80% Ni and 20% Cr within the temperature range 20-100 C. is .00014 ohm per ohm per degree centigrade, and the electrical resistance at 20 C. approximates 650 ohms per circular mil .foot (C. M. F.). The temperature coemcient of resistivity of thisalloy is too high for use as a resistor element in high accuracy electrical de-, vices, apparatus and circuits. It is desired by the practice of the presentinvention to lower the temperature coeflicient oi resistivity of this alloy to a value below .0001 1 ohm. We have discovered that copper and aluminum additions to this alloy in total amount not over about 6% Q. fact at 20 C. and has a temperature coefllcie'nt I centigrade. Alloy #3, above, as far as its temperature co- (2) An alloy containing Al 4%, cu Cr 20%, and Ni 75.50%.
This alloy, in wire form, has an electrical resistance 01' about 800 ohms per circular mil toot at -20" C. and has a temperature coeflicient o! resistivity of .00004 ohms per ohm per degree centig'rade.
(3) An alloy containing Al 3%,v Cu 3%, Cr 20% and Ni 74%.
- This alloy,flin wire form, has an electrical resistance or about 7'75 ohmsper circular mil oi resistivityof .00002 ohm per ohm per degree with copper not over about 3% and A1 not over ei'flcient of resistivity is concerned is equal to the usual type of Gum and Cu-Mn-Ni resistor alloys heretofore employed in electrical devices, apparatus and circuits, such as those known in the art as Cupron (Cu 55%; Ni 45%) and Manganin (Cu 84%; Mn 12%; Ni 4%) but has an electrical resistance of 7'75 as compared to an' electrical resistance of about 290 for these old types of alloys.
Alloy #1, as far as its temperature coeflicient of resistivity is concerned is far better than the well known Fe'Cr-AI alloy known in the art as ohmaloy containing 80% Fe, 15% Cr and Al, and has a materially higher electrical resistance, with the added advantage that alloy #1 is austenitic in structure and is non-magnetic. It, therefore, is of greater utility for use as radio resistor elements than is the: Ohmaloy alloy.
Alloy #2 is about half as good as alloy #3 insofar as its temperature coefiicient of resistivity is concerned, but its materially higher electrical resistance over either Cupron or Manganin places it in a position to be preferred over these alloys as instrument and radio resistors, shunts and in various types of thermocouples.
In the manufacture of the above alloys, the Al lieved apparentthat the Cr may be varied within the range to 30% with resultant increase vention and the three specific embodiments thereof, it is believed apparent that the same may be widely varied without essential departure therefrom and allsuch are contemplated as may fall within the scope of the following claims.
What we claim is:
1. An electrical resistance alloy consisting of chromium 10 to 30%, Al from small fractional percentages up to about 5%, Cu from small fractional percentages up to about 3%, with the total Al and Cu not over about 6%, balance nickel.
2. An electrical resistance alloy consisting of chromium about Al from small fractional percentages up to about 5%, Cu from small fractional percentages up to about 3%, with the total Al and Cu not over about 6%, balance nickel.
3. An electrical resistance alloy consisting of ch1'omium 20%, Al 4%, Cu 2%, balance Ni.
4. An electrical resistance alloy consisting of Cr 20%, Al 4%, Cu 50%, balance Ni.
5. An electrical resistance alloy consisting of Cr 20%, Al 3%, Cu 3%, balance Ni.
VICTOR O. ALLEN. JOSEPH F. POLAK.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US436912A US2293878A (en) | 1942-03-30 | 1942-03-30 | Electrical resistance alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US436912A US2293878A (en) | 1942-03-30 | 1942-03-30 | Electrical resistance alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2293878A true US2293878A (en) | 1942-08-25 |
Family
ID=23734315
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US436912A Expired - Lifetime US2293878A (en) | 1942-03-30 | 1942-03-30 | Electrical resistance alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2293878A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2480432A (en) * | 1945-04-12 | 1949-08-30 | Victor O Allen | Nickel alloy and electrical resistor element made thereof |
| US2482995A (en) * | 1944-05-29 | 1949-09-27 | Frank C Willis | Tensioning toolholder |
| US2533735A (en) * | 1946-05-11 | 1950-12-12 | Driver Harris Co | Electric resistance element and method of heat-treatment |
| US2597495A (en) * | 1950-08-03 | 1952-05-20 | Illium Corp | Hot workable nickel alloy |
| US2638425A (en) * | 1949-03-16 | 1953-05-12 | Driver Co Wilbur B | Electrical resistor element and method of producing the same |
| DE102024109845A1 (en) | 2023-04-11 | 2024-10-17 | Daido Steel Co., Ltd. | resistance and manufacturing processes |
-
1942
- 1942-03-30 US US436912A patent/US2293878A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2482995A (en) * | 1944-05-29 | 1949-09-27 | Frank C Willis | Tensioning toolholder |
| US2480432A (en) * | 1945-04-12 | 1949-08-30 | Victor O Allen | Nickel alloy and electrical resistor element made thereof |
| US2533735A (en) * | 1946-05-11 | 1950-12-12 | Driver Harris Co | Electric resistance element and method of heat-treatment |
| US2638425A (en) * | 1949-03-16 | 1953-05-12 | Driver Co Wilbur B | Electrical resistor element and method of producing the same |
| US2597495A (en) * | 1950-08-03 | 1952-05-20 | Illium Corp | Hot workable nickel alloy |
| DE102024109845A1 (en) | 2023-04-11 | 2024-10-17 | Daido Steel Co., Ltd. | resistance and manufacturing processes |
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