US3839181A - Metal electrodes and coatings thereof - Google Patents

Metal electrodes and coatings thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3839181A
US3839181A US00167164A US16716471A US3839181A US 3839181 A US3839181 A US 3839181A US 00167164 A US00167164 A US 00167164A US 16716471 A US16716471 A US 16716471A US 3839181 A US3839181 A US 3839181A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
valence
group
coating
solution
conductive coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00167164A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
L Degueldre
Y Gobillon
L Clerbois
L Bourgeois
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Solvay SA
Original Assignee
Solvay SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solvay SA filed Critical Solvay SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3839181A publication Critical patent/US3839181A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new type of coating serving as the operative surface of an electrode.
  • the present invention concerns a new coating for metal electrodes.
  • the coating comprises a compound having A BO as its general formula. where A represents one or more elements of valence 3, having an ionic radius comprised between 0.50 and 0.73 Angstrom, and B represents one or more elements of valence 6, having an ionic radius comprised, between 0.50 and 0.60 Angstrom.
  • A represents one or more elements of valence 3, having an ionic radius comprised between 0.50 and 0.73 Angstrom
  • B represents one or more elements of valence 6, having an ionic radius comprised, between 0.50 and 0.60 Angstrom.
  • the symbol stands as usual for oxygen.
  • the coating may be A 80,, alone or an addition compound of A 80,, with another stoichiometric compound having the formula MO or M'M"O, where M represents one or more elements of valence 4, selected from Ir, Mn, Os, Rh, Ru, Sn and Ti, M represents one or more elements of valence 3 selected from Al, Cr, Fe, Ga and Rh, and M represents one or more elements of valence 5, selected from Nb, Sb, Ta and V.
  • MO or M'M"O M represents one or more elements of valence 4, selected from Ir, Mn, Os, Rh, Ru, Sn and Ti
  • M represents one or more elements of valence 3 selected from Al, Cr, Fe, Ga and Rh
  • M represents one or more elements of valence 5, selected from Nb, Sb, Ta and V.
  • A represents one or more elements selected from Co, Fe, Cr, Mn, Al, Ga, Ir. Rh and V, while B represents one or more elements selected from Te, W, Mo and Re.
  • a conductive coating 11, such as Rh WO is shown placed on a strip of metal 12, such as titanium.
  • titanium is clad on a core ofa more conductive metal such as copper, aluminum. iron, or alloys of these metals.
  • the coating of the present invention consists, essentially of the compounds as set forth in the appended claims; yet more preferably, the coating consists of those compounds.
  • Electrodes provided with catalytic coatings according to the invention can be used for different electrochemical processes, such as cathodic protection, desalination or purification of water, water or hydrochloric acid electrolysis, electric current production in fuel cells, reduction or oxydation processes of organic compounds or electrolytic manufacture of peroxide salts but they are particularly useful as anodes for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides. especially sodium chloride, in diaphragm cells as well as in mercury-cathode cells. where they catalyse the discharge of chloride ions according to the half reaction 2C1 Cl: 2e under a remarkably low overvoltage which remains substantially unvaried over an electrode lifetime. Under the conditions ruling in these cells, the anode wear is very slow, thus providing practically unlimited lifetime and avoiding the need for cell opening and coating restoration.
  • a BO (alone), where A Rlz and B W.
  • Dihydrated rhodium nitrate, Rh(NO;,);,.2HO, and tungsten chloride, WCl were separately dissolved at room temperature in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), HCON(CH;,)- to give concentrations of 0.1 gramatoms Rh/liter of solution and 0.46 gram-atoms W/liter of solution, respectively. These two solutions were then mixed in suitable proportions to give a Rh/W atom ratio of 2/1.
  • DMF N,N-dimethyl formamide
  • the thus-coated titanium strips were subjected, as anodes, to two different tests: the first one to measure the overvoltage for the liberation of chlorine under a given anodic current density (10 kA/m the second one to determine the wear or consumption of noble metal as related to the quantity of evolved chlorine.
  • the term overvoltage is used herein in the same sense it is used at pages 488-492 ofPhysical Chemistry" by Walter J. Moore, Prentice-Hall Inc., Second Edition.
  • the coated strips were used as anodes for the electrolysis of a brine containing 250 g NaCl/kg, of solution saturated with chlorine at'60 C and at an approximate pH of 2. Under these conditions, the coated strips of this example showed an overvoltage in the range 170-260 mV under an anodic current density of 10 kA/m
  • the coated strips were used as anodes in a cell with a flowing mercury cathode for the electrolysis of a brine saturated with sodium chloride and chlorine, between and C, under a constant anode-cathode potential difference, the test being stopped when the current density was reduced to one half of its initial value (initial value generally was between 30 and 40 kA/m"). Under these conditions, the tested strips produced 9 tons of chlorine per square meter of active surface; the rhodium consumption lay below 500 mg per ton of chlorine produced under an average current density of 20 kA/m
  • Example 2 Example 2:
  • Rh/Te atom ratio 2 0.1 gram-atoms/l Rh solution used in Example l was mixed with a solution of TeO in 12 N- hydrochloric acid to give an Rh/Te atom ratio of 2.
  • Example 2 Five coats of this composition were applied onto titanium strips under the same conditions as in Example 1. The coating thus obtained was analyzed and found to contain the compound Rh TeO It was present in an amount of approximately g/m and showed a very A 80 (alone), where A Rh and B 1/3 Te 2/3 W.
  • Rh- (Te W 0,, coating was present in an amount near to 7 g/m' the coating showed an excellent adhesion.
  • Example 3 0.053 ml of a solution of FeCl;,.6H- O in DMF at 0.51 gm Fe/l and 0.28 ml of the tungsten solution of Example 3 were added to 10 ml of the rhodium solution used in Example 3. a. seven coats of this composition were applied at room temperature onto titanium strips. The strips were dried in the air and heated for 15 minutes at 350 C after each application. Upon final firing at 500 C for hours, a coating of 9 g/m (Rh,, ,,Fe,, W0 was obtained which showed a good adhesion. In an overvoltage test carried out under the same conditions as in Example I.
  • the thus coated strips showed an average overvoltage of 290 mV under a current density of 10 kA/m b.
  • the same coating was prepared, but only four coats of the said composition were applied onto the titanium strips disposed on a heating plate. After each coating. the strips were heated in the range 350425 C. They were finally fired at 500 C for 17 hours.
  • the average deposit weight of the thus obtained (Rh Fe hWO coating was 67 g/m
  • the thus coated strips showed better adhesion to the support than strips obtained by applying the same coating composition at room temperature.
  • Tungsten chloride, WCl.,, CrCl;,.6H O, and hydrated RuCl were dissolved separately in DMF to give solutions of 0.45 g-at W/l, 0.46 gm Cr/l and 0.5 g-at Ru/l repectively, which were mixed in suitable proportions in order to give a Ru/Cr/W atom ratio of 3/2/1.
  • Example 6 Nevertheless, used as anodes under the same conditions as in Example 1, the thus coated strips also presented very interesting electrochemical properties.
  • Example 6
  • Example l Five coats of the resulting mixtures were applied onto titanium strips under the same conditions as in Example l, and after firing, a coating of Fe WO +3RuO was obtained. This coating showed relatively poor adhesion to the support,- but interesting anodic polarization properties in chlorinated brine.
  • this composition gave, after firing, a coating of Cr TeO 3RuO whose adhesion to the support was satisfactory and which showed interesting anodic polarization properties in chlorinated brine.
  • a solution A containing 0.2 g-at Ru.l was prepared. First, ruthenium chloride. RuCl .x H O was dissolved in a quantity of ethanol, then chloroform was added in an amount equal to the volume of the ethanol solution and finally turpentine a (boiling point above 150 C), previously sulphurated to 20 percentthrough reflux heating of g turpentine a with 20 g sulphur for 3 hours, was added, also in an amount equal to the volume of the ethanol solution. 1
  • a solution C of 0.2 gm Te/l was prepared by dissolving tellurium chloride, TeCl (resulting from the action of chlorine upon tellurium) in two volumes of ethanol, to which five volumes of turpentine a sulphurated to 40 percent were then added, the whole being heated on a water-bath until the formed precipitate had completely disappeared.
  • a solution D was prepared by mixing 1 volume of ethanol, one volume of chloroform and 1 volume of turpentine a.
  • This coating was carried out in the air at room temperature. After each coating, the strips were heated for 15 minutes at 500 C.
  • the deposit weight of the thus obtained coating of Rh TeO,;+ 3RuO was approximately 4 g/m and its adhesion to the support was acceptable.
  • Example 1 a mixture was obtained which was applied onto titanium strips previously degreased and etched as in Example 1.
  • the titanium strips were disposed. in the air, on a heating plate at approximately 100C. After each application and evaporation of excess solvent, the coated strips were heated for 15 minutes at 350C. After seven coatings had been applied under the same conditions, the coated strips were finally fired for one hour at 500C in the presence of arr.
  • Example 1 In an overvoltage test carried out as in Example 1, the thus coated strips showed an overvoltage of mV under an anodic current density of 10 kA/m ln a wear test carried out as in Example 1, the coated strips produced more than 82 tons of chlorine/m working continuously under current densities between 36 and 25 kA/m At this stage, the use limit was not reached and the wear test continued.
  • solution A A solution of 0.019 g-at lr/l (solution A) was pre pared by dissolving chloro-iridic acid H lrCl,;.xH O in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), CH SOCH A solution ofO. 194 gram-atom Rh/l (solution B) was prepared by dissolving rhodium nitrate Rh(NO;,)- in glycol, HOCH Cl-l Ol-l.
  • DMSO dimethyl sulphoxide
  • the titanium strips were disposed, in the air, on a heating plate at about C.
  • coated strips were tired for 16 hours at 475C in the presence of air.
  • the thus coated strips showed an overvoltage of mV under an anodic current density of 10 kA/m'
  • these same coated strips produced more than 63 tons of chlorine per square meter of active anodic surface under an average current density of 24 kA/m'-. At this stage, the use limit was not yet reached and the wear test continued.
  • RhCl and SbC 1 were separately dissolved in n-hexanol to give solutions of 0.5 g-at Rh/l (solution A) and 1 g-at Sb/l (solution B) respectively.
  • Example 1 Seven coatings of the mixture were applied onto titanium strips previously degreased and etched as in Example 1. For the application of the mixture, the strips were disposed on a heating plate at approximately 70C. After each of an initial six applications, the strips were heated for 15 minutes at 500C, whereas after the as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said compound A 80 is rhodium tungstatc, Rh WO 3. A metallic electrode having a conductive coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said compound A 80, is rhodium tellurate, Rh TeO 4.
  • a coating which has interesting overvoltage properties is a coating for which an overvoltage of about 450 mV may be obtained in the test carried out with chlorinated brine.
  • 500 mV may be considered as the maximum overvoltage acceptable for economic view point.
  • 500 mV is not a critical factor, and so, these coatings may be interesting.
  • a BO A is an element at the valence 3 having an ionic radius comprised between 0.5 and 0.75 Angstrom and B is an element at the valence 6 having an ionic radius comprised between 0.5 and 0.6 Angstrom. Outside these ionic radius ranges, the compound A 80, of the invention cannot be obtained. According to this restriction the elements may be chosen in the tables published by R. D. Shannon and C. T. Prewitt-Acta. Cryst. 1969, B 25. p. 925 946 and Acta. Cryst.l970, B 26, p. 1046 1048.
  • a metallic electrode having a conductive coating comprising a compound of the general formula A BO wherein A represents at least one element at the valence 3, selected from the group consisting of lr and Rh, and B represents at least one element at the valence 6, selected from the group consisting of Te, W, Mo and Re.
  • said coating comprising a compound of the general for mula A wherein A represents at least one element at the valence 3 selected from the group consisting of Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Al, Ga and V, and B represents at least one element at the valence 6 selected from the group consisting of Te, W, Mo and Re, the said conductive coating further comprising at least one other compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of lr, Os, Rh and Ru, said other compound being selected from the group consisting of M0 and M'MO where:
  • M represents at least one element at the valence 4 selected from the group consisting oflr, Mn, Os, Rh,
  • Ru, Sn and Ti M represents at least one element at the valence 3 selected from the group consisting of Al, Cr, Fe,.
  • Rh M represents at least one element at the valence 5 selected from the group consisting of Nb, Sb, Ta and V.
  • B represents at least one ele-- ment at the valence 6 selected from the group consisting of Te, W, Mo and Re.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
US00167164A 1970-07-29 1971-07-29 Metal electrodes and coatings thereof Expired - Lifetime US3839181A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU61433 1970-07-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3839181A true US3839181A (en) 1974-10-01

Family

ID=19726434

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00167164A Expired - Lifetime US3839181A (en) 1970-07-29 1971-07-29 Metal electrodes and coatings thereof

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3839181A (xx)
JP (1) JPS563435B1 (xx)
AT (1) AT316490B (xx)
AU (1) AU457916B2 (xx)
BE (1) BE769677A (xx)
CH (1) CH526337A (xx)
DE (1) DE2136391C3 (xx)
ES (1) ES393032A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2099647B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1361471A (xx)
LU (1) LU61433A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL172197C (xx)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3929608A (en) * 1970-07-29 1975-12-30 Solvay Catalytic material for electrodes
US3940323A (en) * 1974-08-02 1976-02-24 Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation Anode for electrolytic processes
US3941707A (en) * 1973-04-06 1976-03-02 International Standard Electric Corporation Method of producing an insulating material for coating cathode heater elements
US3943042A (en) * 1974-08-02 1976-03-09 Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation Anode for electrolytic processes
US3977958A (en) * 1973-12-17 1976-08-31 The Dow Chemical Company Insoluble electrode for electrolysis
US4049532A (en) * 1971-06-02 1977-09-20 Solvay & Cie. Electrodes for electrochemical processes
US4107025A (en) * 1977-11-09 1978-08-15 Noranda Mines Limited Stable electrode for electrochemical applications
US4108745A (en) * 1977-04-11 1978-08-22 Allied Chemical Corporation Selenium-containing coating for valve metal electrodes and use
US4115238A (en) * 1977-04-11 1978-09-19 Allied Chemical Corporation Selenium- and tellurium-coated metal electrodes
US4173518A (en) * 1974-10-23 1979-11-06 Sumitomo Aluminum Smelting Company, Limited Electrodes for aluminum reduction cells
US4477541A (en) * 1982-12-22 1984-10-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Solid electrolyte structure
WO1987002715A1 (en) * 1985-10-29 1987-05-07 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Or Composite electrodes for use in solid electrolyte devices
US5516725A (en) * 1992-03-17 1996-05-14 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Process for preparing schottky diode contacts with predetermined barrier heights
US5851506A (en) * 1994-04-21 1998-12-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Electrode materials from hydrous metal and/or hydrous mixed metal oxides and method of preparing the same
US20130206608A1 (en) * 2012-02-14 2013-08-15 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Catalysts Having Mixed Metal Oxides
CN104532291A (zh) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-22 江阴安凯特电化学设备有限公司 钽保护层电极加工工艺

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1088026A (en) * 1977-11-09 1980-10-21 Raouf O. Loutfy Stable electrode for electrochemical applications
US4670122A (en) * 1986-05-05 1987-06-02 The Dow Chemical Company Low over-voltage electrodes for alkaline electrolytes
JPS6347243U (xx) * 1986-09-10 1988-03-30
JPH0269732U (xx) * 1988-11-16 1990-05-28
US5017276A (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-05-21 Chemetics International Company Ltd. Metal electrodes for electrochemical processes
CN113789540A (zh) * 2017-12-01 2021-12-14 青岛双瑞海洋环境工程股份有限公司 石墨烯改性金属氧化物阳极材料及制备工艺

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3070422A (en) * 1960-08-30 1962-12-25 Owens Illinois Glass Co New chromium-tungsten oxide and preparation
US3103484A (en) * 1959-10-10 1963-09-10 Anodes for electrolytic chlorine
US3329594A (en) * 1964-12-08 1967-07-04 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Electrolytic production of alkali metal chlorates
US3449064A (en) * 1963-06-24 1969-06-10 Owens Illinois Inc Process for preparing indium and scandium antimonates
US3607416A (en) * 1967-02-20 1971-09-21 United Aircraft Corp Spinel-type electrodes, process of making and fuel cell
US3616446A (en) * 1969-03-28 1971-10-26 Ppg Industries Inc Method of coating an electrode
US3691052A (en) * 1970-08-24 1972-09-12 Engelhard Min & Chem Value metal base electrode coated with pb2ru2o6 or pb2ir2o6

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3616445A (en) * 1967-12-14 1971-10-26 Electronor Corp Titanium or tantalum base electrodes with applied titanium or tantalum oxide face activated with noble metals or noble metal oxides

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3103484A (en) * 1959-10-10 1963-09-10 Anodes for electrolytic chlorine
US3070422A (en) * 1960-08-30 1962-12-25 Owens Illinois Glass Co New chromium-tungsten oxide and preparation
US3449064A (en) * 1963-06-24 1969-06-10 Owens Illinois Inc Process for preparing indium and scandium antimonates
US3329594A (en) * 1964-12-08 1967-07-04 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Electrolytic production of alkali metal chlorates
US3607416A (en) * 1967-02-20 1971-09-21 United Aircraft Corp Spinel-type electrodes, process of making and fuel cell
US3616446A (en) * 1969-03-28 1971-10-26 Ppg Industries Inc Method of coating an electrode
US3691052A (en) * 1970-08-24 1972-09-12 Engelhard Min & Chem Value metal base electrode coated with pb2ru2o6 or pb2ir2o6

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3929608A (en) * 1970-07-29 1975-12-30 Solvay Catalytic material for electrodes
US4049532A (en) * 1971-06-02 1977-09-20 Solvay & Cie. Electrodes for electrochemical processes
US3941707A (en) * 1973-04-06 1976-03-02 International Standard Electric Corporation Method of producing an insulating material for coating cathode heater elements
US3977958A (en) * 1973-12-17 1976-08-31 The Dow Chemical Company Insoluble electrode for electrolysis
US3940323A (en) * 1974-08-02 1976-02-24 Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation Anode for electrolytic processes
US3943042A (en) * 1974-08-02 1976-03-09 Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation Anode for electrolytic processes
US4173518A (en) * 1974-10-23 1979-11-06 Sumitomo Aluminum Smelting Company, Limited Electrodes for aluminum reduction cells
US4115238A (en) * 1977-04-11 1978-09-19 Allied Chemical Corporation Selenium- and tellurium-coated metal electrodes
US4108745A (en) * 1977-04-11 1978-08-22 Allied Chemical Corporation Selenium-containing coating for valve metal electrodes and use
US4107025A (en) * 1977-11-09 1978-08-15 Noranda Mines Limited Stable electrode for electrochemical applications
US4477541A (en) * 1982-12-22 1984-10-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Solid electrolyte structure
WO1987002715A1 (en) * 1985-10-29 1987-05-07 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Or Composite electrodes for use in solid electrolyte devices
US5516725A (en) * 1992-03-17 1996-05-14 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Process for preparing schottky diode contacts with predetermined barrier heights
US5851506A (en) * 1994-04-21 1998-12-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Electrode materials from hydrous metal and/or hydrous mixed metal oxides and method of preparing the same
US6097588A (en) * 1994-04-21 2000-08-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Electrode materials from hydrous metal and/or hydrous mixed metal oxides
US20130206608A1 (en) * 2012-02-14 2013-08-15 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Catalysts Having Mixed Metal Oxides
CN104532291A (zh) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-22 江阴安凯特电化学设备有限公司 钽保护层电极加工工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3179771A (en) 1973-02-01
CH526337A (fr) 1972-08-15
NL172197C (nl) 1983-07-18
AU457916B2 (en) 1975-02-13
FR2099647B1 (xx) 1974-03-15
FR2099647A1 (xx) 1972-03-17
DE2136391A1 (de) 1972-02-03
BE769677A (xx) 1972-01-10
JPS563435B1 (xx) 1981-01-24
DE2136391B2 (de) 1980-05-08
GB1361471A (en) 1974-07-24
ES393032A1 (es) 1973-08-01
NL7110386A (xx) 1972-02-01
AT316490B (de) 1974-07-10
LU61433A1 (xx) 1972-04-04
DE2136391C3 (de) 1981-01-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3839181A (en) Metal electrodes and coatings thereof
US4080278A (en) Cathode for electrolytic cell
US3882002A (en) Anode for electrolytic processes
US3773555A (en) Method of making an electrode
US4110180A (en) Process for electrolysis of bromide containing electrolytes
JP3188361B2 (ja) クロムめっき方法
US3869312A (en) Electrodes and electrochemical processes
US3776834A (en) Partial replacement of ruthenium with tin in electrode coatings
US3428544A (en) Electrode coated with activated platinum group coatings
US3926770A (en) Electrolytic cell having silicon bipolar electrodes
US4005004A (en) Electrode coating consisting of a solid solution of a noble metal oxide, titanium oxide, and zirconium oxide
US4238311A (en) Cathode for use in electrolysis and method for the production thereof
CA1060844A (en) Ruthenium coated cathodes
US3926751A (en) Method of electrowinning metals
MXPA01003960A (es) Catodo utilizable para la elctrolisis de soluciones acuosas.
US3801490A (en) Pyrochlore electrodes
US3986942A (en) Electrolytic process and apparatus
US4100049A (en) Coated cathode for electrolysis cells
US3929608A (en) Catalytic material for electrodes
EP0384194B1 (de) Formstabile Anoden und deren Verwendung bei der Herstellung von Alkalidichromaten und Chromsäure
US3940323A (en) Anode for electrolytic processes
US4049532A (en) Electrodes for electrochemical processes
US4760041A (en) Preparation and use of electrodes
US2099658A (en) Preparation of chromic acid and sparingly soluble chromates
US3849282A (en) Metal electrodes and coatings therefor