US3835015A - System stabilizer - Google Patents

System stabilizer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3835015A
US3835015A US00305091A US30509172A US3835015A US 3835015 A US3835015 A US 3835015A US 00305091 A US00305091 A US 00305091A US 30509172 A US30509172 A US 30509172A US 3835015 A US3835015 A US 3835015A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
rod
fluid
casing
flow
zinc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00305091A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Gary
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
COLLOID-A-TRON DISTRIBUTORS OF NEW YORK Inc A NEW YORK CORP
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US00305091A priority Critical patent/US3835015A/en
Priority to GB5222773A priority patent/GB1428719A/en
Priority to IE02036/73A priority patent/IE39035B1/xx
Priority to AU68529/74A priority patent/AU482868B2/en
Priority to FR7416435A priority patent/FR2271492B1/fr
Priority to US475249A priority patent/US3919068A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3835015A publication Critical patent/US3835015A/en
Assigned to COLLOID-A-TRON DISTRIBUTORS OF NEW YORK, INC., A NEW YORK CORP. reassignment COLLOID-A-TRON DISTRIBUTORS OF NEW YORK, INC., A NEW YORK CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: GARY, WILDON, A.,
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/4602—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for prevention or elimination of deposits
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F1/46114—Electrodes in particulate form or with conductive and/or non conductive particles between them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46176—Galvanic cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/24—Preventing accumulation of dirt or other matter in pipes, e.g. by traps, by strainers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
    • C02F2301/024—Turbulent

Definitions

  • a fluid stabilizer rod consists of an alloy of copper, zinc, nickel and tin adapted to be installed in a fluid conduit and to have a fluid flowing thereover.
  • the rod is generally elongated and triangular in cross-section with each side thereof defining a lengthwise extending concave arcuate surface.
  • the present invention relates to apparatus for controlling scale deposition and, more particularly, to a fluid stabilizing rod having a metallurgical composition and physical configuration specifically adapted to inhibiting scale deposition.
  • a well known problem associated with oil and water wells is the accumulation of parafiin and scale in, as well as the corrosion of, the flow tubes, pumps and other equipment associated with the well.
  • the problem is par ticularly acute where the mineral content of the fluids flowing in the well system is high and the deposition of compounds of these minerals is correspondingly high, causing operational, production and economic difliculties.
  • Particularly bothersome are compounds, such as calcium carbonate and/or sulfate, iron oxide and/or sulfide, as well as hydrogen sulfide, free sulfur and sodium salts.
  • Crafts core is generally oval in crosssection and has a composition consisting of 57.64% cop per, 17.63% zinc, 13.45% nickel, 7.66% lead, 2.69% tin, and .69% iron and trace amounts of antimony, sulfur and manganese.
  • US. Pat. No. 3,486,999 to Craft, et al. teaches a particular apparatus configuration to accomplish the polarization of the fluid using a primarily copper, zinc, silicon core.
  • the present invention provides an elongated fluid stabilizing rod consisting of an alloy of copper, zinc, nickel and tin adapted to be installed in a fluid conduit and to have a fluid flowing thereover.
  • the rod is generally triangular in cross-section with each side thereof defining a length wise extending, concave arcuate surface. Fluids flow over and in contact with the arcuate surface.
  • the apices of the triangle contact a cylindrical casing in which the rod is enclosed to permit a force or press fit of the rod therein.
  • the rod may be retained in the casing by washers disposed at each end of the rod and secured to the casing.
  • the rod has a lengthwise extending passageway formed therethrough to increase the surface area of the rod available for fluid contact.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the fluid stabilizing rod of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention with portions broken away showing the rod press fit into a cylindrical casing therefor.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 33 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention with portions broken away showing the rod held in a cylindrical casing by washers secured to the casing.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 5-5 in FIG. 4.
  • the fluid stabilizer rod of the present invention is primarily a device to control scale deposition. It does not prevent scale from forming, but provides an effective method of controlling where it forms. More particularly, the rod permits scale compound precipitates to form in the flowing fluid but, by virtue of its composition and configuration, controls the size of the precipitates and thus their tendency or ability to settle on the flow tube and equipment surfaces.
  • Rod 10 is generally elongated and is tapered or nosed at each end 12, 14 to provide smooth fluid pressure transitions at the ends.
  • rod 10 is generally triangular except that sides or surfaces 16, 18, 20 are inwardly bowed or hollowed to define lengthwise extending, concave arcuate surfaces.
  • the generally triangular cross-section includes lengthwise extending apices 22, 24, 26 at the intersections of sides 16 and 18, 18 and 20, and 20 and 16, respectively.
  • Apex 24 has lugs 28 thereon to accommodate variations in the inner diameter of casings in which rod 10 is inserted.
  • Lugs 28 extend outwardly from apex 24 along the bisector of the excluded angle of the apex, i.e., the excluded angle formed by the intersection of sides 18 and 20.
  • Surfaces 16, 18, 20 each include projections 30 thereon extending outwardly from the surfaces and disposed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the rod.
  • projections 30 (two are shown on each surface; however, three or more are preferred on long rods) tend to break up the boundary layer and thereby increase fluid turbulence. Increased turbulence and the attendant increased mixing effect enhances the extent of surface contact between surfaces 16, 18, 20 and the fluid, thereby increasing the effective fluid contact areas of these surfaces.
  • Rod is preferably installed in a cylindrical casing or flow tube 32, as shown in FIG. 2, and retained therein by a friction or press fit between lugs 28 and the inner wall 34 of the tube 32.
  • lugs 28 tend to deform with the result that apices 22, 24, 26 are in substantial contact with wall 34.
  • an alternative means of retaining rod 10 in casing 32 is to provide circumferential washers 36 welded or otherwise secured to the inner wall 34 of the casing near the ends 12, 14 of the rod 10.
  • washers 36 are used as the retaining means
  • rod 10 preferably has a shoulder 38 formed in each apex adjacent nosed ends 12, 14 such that the ends 12, 14 project through washers 36 with shoulders 38 engaging the inwardly facing surfaces 40 of the washers.
  • rod 10 may include a longitudinally extending passageway 42 through the center of the rod to provide an additional fluid flow channel.
  • passageway 42 has the same cross-sectional configuration as the rod, i.e., generally triangular with the sides thereof defining longitudinally extending, convex arcuate surfaces 44, 46, 48. These latter surfaces are substantially parallel to corresponding surfaces 16, 18, 20, respectively, and provide substantially increased surface area for contact with the flowing fluid.
  • rod 10 is inserted and retained within casing 32 and, in this configuration, is installed in a flow system, such as an oil or water well, a steam boiler, or the like, without need to modify the system.
  • a flow system such as an oil or water well, a steam boiler, or the like
  • the diameter of casing 32 corresponds to the diameter of the tubing in the system unless some smaller diameter casing is necessary to assure a minimum flow rate over surfaces 16, 18, 20.
  • the casing may include means, such as external threads 50, for installing the tube in the system.
  • the tube may be welded or otherwise fluid-tightly inserted and secured into the system.
  • the fluid is caused to flow into one end of the casing 32, whereupon it divides over nosed end 12 to flow through the three passageways 52, 54, 56 bounded by each of arcuate surfaces 16, 18 and 20 and inner wall 34. Turbulent flow occurs in each passageway causing mixing therein and extensive contact between the fluid and surfaces 16, 18, 20 whereby polarization of the min erals in the fluid occurs. Enhanced polarization is achieved in accordance with the present invention by virtue of the arcuate nature of the surfaces and the particular configuration of rod 10 to provide maximum surface area for fluid contact.
  • the fluid leaves each of the defined passageways, re-mixes as it flows over nosed end 14 and leaves casing 32.
  • the polarizing effect is due to strong electrochemical reactions involving the metals of the rod in a scale forming environment. Due to the composition of the rod, numerous positive and negative poles are developed on its surface when installed in a conductive environment. Charged mineral ions in the fluid are drawn to the poles on the rod and the result is a substantial concentration of a portion of the ions in solution. As the scale forming ions are attracted to the metal surface, their concentration increases and scale compounds begin to precipitate. The quantity and size of the precipitates is influenced, however, by the core configuration. By virtue of the cross-sectional configuration of the core, a minimum pressure drop across its length is developed.
  • This pressure drop aids in releasing dissolved acid forming gases, such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, causing a slight in situ alteration of the fluid chemistry. This alteration increases scaling tendencies and influences the quantity of precipitates formed.
  • dissolved acid forming gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide
  • This alteration increases scaling tendencies and influences the quantity of precipitates formed.
  • only sub-microscopic precipitates have time to form before they are swept downstream.
  • the small 1 size of the precipitates provides a desired colloidal dispersion that functions as a surface for further mineral ion precipitation.
  • the great surface area of these sub-' microscopic precipitates creates a colloid eifect whereby additional ions precipitate thereon, with the net effect that scale forming precipitates are kept in the fluid and in motion and are unable to settle onto system surfaces.
  • rod 10 has been manufactured in lengths from about 10 to 42 inches and in over-all widths suitable for insertion into cylindrical casings having internal diameters ranging from to 14 inches.
  • length and width are correlated with the length increasing with increasing width (diameter). It will be appreciated that as the width (diameter) increases, the rods become quite massive and, notwithstanding their concave outer surfaces, become a substantial impediment or restriction to flow through the cylindrical casing.
  • a lengthwise extending passageway is formed in the rod to provide additional flow area and, at the same time, additional surface area.
  • the fluid stabilizing rod is formed of an alloy of copper, zinc, nickel and tin by melting the alloy at about 1900-2100 F. and then sand casting the rods to the desired shape.
  • Effective rod compositions are in the range, by weight, of 40-50% copper, 20-30% zinc, 15-25% nickel and 9-15 tin.
  • a particularly preferred composition is copper, 25% zinc, 20% nickel and 10% tin.
  • Rods having compositions in the aforementioned ranges have been found to be substantially non-sacrificial or only slowly sacrificial with useful lives in normal use up to about ten years.
  • a fluid stabilizing metal rod adapted for insertion into a conduit having fluid flowing therein comprising an elongated rod having a generally triangular cross-section, each side thereof defining a lengthwise extending, concave arcuate surface.
  • a rod, as claimed in claim 2, wherein said plurality of lugs comprises two lugs equally spaced from opposite ends of said rod.
  • a rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rod is hollow and includes a lengthwise extending passageway therethrough defining a fluid flow channel therein.
  • a rod as claimed in claim 8, wherein said rod comprises, by weight, 40-50% copper, 20-30% zinc, 1525% nickel and 9-15 tin.
  • Apparatus for stabilizing fluids comprising an elongated fluid stabilizing metal rod having a generally triangular cross-section, each side thereof defining a lengthwise extending, concave arcuate surface and a cylindrical casing circumferentially surrounding said rod, at least one of the apices of the triangle engaging the inner walls of said casing and said arcuate surfaces defining with said inner walls passageways for the flow of fluids through said casing.
  • each of said surfaces includes a plurality of projections extending outwardly therefrom, said projections disposed perpendicularly to the direction of fluid flow along each said surface.
  • Apparatus, as claimed in claim 16 including washer means secured within said casing at each end of said rod for retaining said rod in said casing.
  • each of said surfaces includes a plurality of projections extending outwardly therefrom.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
US00305091A 1972-11-15 1972-11-15 System stabilizer Expired - Lifetime US3835015A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00305091A US3835015A (en) 1972-11-15 1972-11-15 System stabilizer
GB5222773A GB1428719A (en) 1972-11-15 1973-11-09 Apparatus for countering deposition and wear on flow of fluid
IE02036/73A IE39035B1 (en) 1972-11-15 1973-11-12 Apparatus for countering deposition and wear on flow of fluid through a conduit
AU68529/74A AU482868B2 (en) 1972-11-15 1974-05-02 Apparatus for countering deposition and wear on flow of fluid through a conduit
FR7416435A FR2271492B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1972-11-15 1974-05-13
US475249A US3919068A (en) 1972-11-15 1974-05-31 System stabilizer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00305091A US3835015A (en) 1972-11-15 1972-11-15 System stabilizer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3835015A true US3835015A (en) 1974-09-10

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US00305091A Expired - Lifetime US3835015A (en) 1972-11-15 1972-11-15 System stabilizer

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US (1) US3835015A (enrdf_load_html_response)
AU (1) AU482868B2 (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2271492B1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1428719A (enrdf_load_html_response)
IE (1) IE39035B1 (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3974071A (en) * 1973-07-09 1976-08-10 Marlan Company Water conditioning device
US4213306A (en) * 1978-06-07 1980-07-22 William A. Peabody Method and apparatus for increasing air conditioner efficiency
GB2137229A (en) * 1983-02-23 1984-10-03 Jerry Donald Hughes Internal sacrificial anode for subsurface conduit
US4752401A (en) * 1986-02-20 1988-06-21 Safe Water Systems International, Inc. Water treatment system for swimming pools and potable water
US4933089A (en) * 1987-07-24 1990-06-12 Newton George D Apparatus and process for paraffin abatement
US4940538A (en) * 1988-03-10 1990-07-10 Danfoss A/S Apparatus for decalcifing water by producing turbulence
WO1994012786A1 (en) * 1992-12-01 1994-06-09 Hydro-Petro Technology, Inc. Cast alloy article and method of making
US5451273A (en) * 1992-12-01 1995-09-19 Hydro-Petro Technology, Inc. Cast alloy article and method of making and fuel filter
US5470462A (en) * 1992-11-05 1995-11-28 Gauger; Raymond G. Apparatus for preventing scale formation in water systems
US5665221A (en) * 1995-12-05 1997-09-09 A Rx Technologies Inc. Electrical apparatus for controlling liquid contaminants
WO2003002878A3 (en) * 2001-06-28 2003-02-27 Martin John Gardner Doig Apparatus for fluid transportation
US7373893B1 (en) * 2007-02-14 2008-05-20 King Marine Argentina S.A. Spinnaker pole
CN106987756A (zh) * 2017-04-26 2017-07-28 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司研究院 一种防腐蚀防垢钛铜合金材料
CN107477267A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2017-12-15 巢湖鹏远金属焊管有限公司 一种防堵管道
CN107603349A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2018-01-19 巢湖鹏远金属焊管有限公司 用于自清洁管道内壁的涂覆剂及其自清洁管道
US9982845B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2018-05-29 Scale Protection As Device and method for scaling reduction in a dead water zone of a fluid conduit
GB2637121A (en) * 2023-12-18 2025-07-16 Fluid Dynamics International Ltd Water treatment

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2404053A1 (fr) * 1977-09-26 1979-04-20 Bravard Robert Dispositif a effet electro-cinetique pour eviter le depot de sels mineraux et la corrosion des parois d'une installation de circulation de fluide, notamment d'eau
FR2474614A1 (fr) * 1980-01-30 1981-07-31 Inst Francais Du Petrole Methode et dispositif pour regulariser l'ecoulement d'un fluide diphasique
AU629473B1 (en) * 1991-04-24 1992-10-01 Robert Uden In-line conduit structure to prevent scale formation therein

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3974071A (en) * 1973-07-09 1976-08-10 Marlan Company Water conditioning device
US4213306A (en) * 1978-06-07 1980-07-22 William A. Peabody Method and apparatus for increasing air conditioner efficiency
GB2137229A (en) * 1983-02-23 1984-10-03 Jerry Donald Hughes Internal sacrificial anode for subsurface conduit
US4752401A (en) * 1986-02-20 1988-06-21 Safe Water Systems International, Inc. Water treatment system for swimming pools and potable water
US4933089A (en) * 1987-07-24 1990-06-12 Newton George D Apparatus and process for paraffin abatement
US4940538A (en) * 1988-03-10 1990-07-10 Danfoss A/S Apparatus for decalcifing water by producing turbulence
US5470462A (en) * 1992-11-05 1995-11-28 Gauger; Raymond G. Apparatus for preventing scale formation in water systems
WO1994012786A1 (en) * 1992-12-01 1994-06-09 Hydro-Petro Technology, Inc. Cast alloy article and method of making
US5451273A (en) * 1992-12-01 1995-09-19 Hydro-Petro Technology, Inc. Cast alloy article and method of making and fuel filter
WO1996019658A1 (en) * 1994-12-21 1996-06-27 Hydro-Petro Technology, Inc. Cast alloy article and method of making and fuel filter
US5665221A (en) * 1995-12-05 1997-09-09 A Rx Technologies Inc. Electrical apparatus for controlling liquid contaminants
WO2003002878A3 (en) * 2001-06-28 2003-02-27 Martin John Gardner Doig Apparatus for fluid transportation
GB2395026A (en) * 2001-06-28 2004-05-12 Martin John Gardner Doig Apparatus for fluid transportation
US20040238055A1 (en) * 2001-06-28 2004-12-02 Martin John Gardner Doig Apparatus for fluid transportation
US7373893B1 (en) * 2007-02-14 2008-05-20 King Marine Argentina S.A. Spinnaker pole
US9982845B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2018-05-29 Scale Protection As Device and method for scaling reduction in a dead water zone of a fluid conduit
CN106987756A (zh) * 2017-04-26 2017-07-28 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司研究院 一种防腐蚀防垢钛铜合金材料
CN106987756B (zh) * 2017-04-26 2018-06-29 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司研究院 一种防腐蚀防垢钛铜合金材料
CN107477267A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2017-12-15 巢湖鹏远金属焊管有限公司 一种防堵管道
CN107603349A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2018-01-19 巢湖鹏远金属焊管有限公司 用于自清洁管道内壁的涂覆剂及其自清洁管道
GB2637121A (en) * 2023-12-18 2025-07-16 Fluid Dynamics International Ltd Water treatment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6852974A (en) 1975-11-06
GB1428719A (en) 1976-03-17
IE39035L (en) 1974-05-15
FR2271492B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1977-03-11
FR2271492A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1975-12-12
AU482868B2 (en) 1975-11-06
IE39035B1 (en) 1978-07-19

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