US3833356A - Method and apparatus for injecting oil into the tuyeres of a blast furnace - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for injecting oil into the tuyeres of a blast furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3833356A
US3833356A US00191451A US19145171A US3833356A US 3833356 A US3833356 A US 3833356A US 00191451 A US00191451 A US 00191451A US 19145171 A US19145171 A US 19145171A US 3833356 A US3833356 A US 3833356A
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Prior art keywords
oil
nozzle
tuyere
nozzles
blast
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00191451A
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English (en)
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F Luth
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from DE19702051676 external-priority patent/DE2051676C/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/16—Tuyéres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of adding fuel oil to a blast furnace, in which fuel oil is added to the stream of combustion air supplied by a tuyere, and to a device for carrying out this method.
  • the blast current has a comparatively high viscosity which is nearly the viscosity of the oil and the oil spray cannot be homogeneously distributed over a broad portion of the cross-section of the tuyeres ready to be completely burned just in the mouth of the tuyere.
  • the oil spray is compressed within the central area of the tuyeres and cannot be completely burned on its way out of the tuyere within about 500 microseconds between the moment of injection until passing the mouth area of the tuyere.
  • only a fractional burning is achieved which is not complete and reduces the oil only to soot without heating effect, assuming more than 50 to 100 kg oil per ton of pig iron are added to the blast.
  • the injection of the oil in radial direction should be understood to mean that the oil is injected and distributed over a considerably wider crosssection across the blast current than in the known methods.
  • injection of the oil jet it is meant that the oil jet leaving the oil nozzle is not atomized into an oil spray or disintegrated into fine droplets by the blast immediately in front of the nozzle (as it is the case if the speed of the oil when leaving the nozzle is to low in comparison with the speed of the blast current), but the coherency of each oil jet is largely maintained to a greater distance in front of the nozzle, in order to achieve a maximum distribution of fuel oil across the blast current.
  • the method according to the invention is based substantially on a better radial distribution of the fuel oil injection, the advantages obtained therewith can also be obtained if the oil is injected radially and diagonally against the blast flow.
  • an oil injection distributed uniformly over the tuyere cross-section by means of an injection undertaken from the periphery of the tuyere and occurring radially inwardly can have advantages, although injecting the oil in radially outwardly direction is much more preferred.
  • a preferred, advantageous execution of the method is achieved with a device or an oil injection nozzle lance, whose nozzle tip is located in the vicinity of the longitudinal centre of a tuyere and which is characterised according to the invention in that the nozzle tip has several nozzles distributed over its periphery and directed in radial direction to the tuyere or in a direction with a considerable radial component or at a steep angle to the tuyere flow.
  • the individual oil nozzles preferably having a certain length in jeting direction can start from a central distribution chamber, in which there is located an oil-flow nozzle directed in axial direction, in front of which an eddy chamber is provided so that inside the distribution chamber a turbulence of the oil/water or steam mixture occurs.
  • Such a cooling of the oil injection lance is essential for the operation, because the high temperature of the furnace blast formerly led within a few seconds to a decomposition of the fuel oil within the lance and thus to a clogging of the oil nozzle.
  • the individual nozzles can be distributed over a greater axial length, whereby instead of only a relatively flat, radial injection plane, an axially extended injection zone can be formed, in which the individual nozzles can additionally inject with varying injection angles.
  • the longitudinal axes of the individual nozzles or their injection directions can intersect, so that the turbulence and atomization of the fuel oil, when having reached the radially outward area of the cross-section of the tuyere, is increased by mutual kinetic interference of the oil outlet jets.
  • the individual nozzles With the distribution of the nozzles axially over the lance head the individual nozzles can also be arranged offset in their angle relationship.
  • An additional cooling of the front end of the oil injection lance is achieved if the oil flow leaving an oil flow nozzle into the eddy chamber is directed against the inner surface of the front end of the distribution chamber in the blast direction.
  • the simple construction of the oil injection la'nce according to the invention allows a construction with which it can be exchanged easily and quickly in the tuyere.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the oil injection according to the invention inside the tuyere of a blast furnace.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of a nozzle tip according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a modified nozzle tip having nozzles located in three different angular positions.
  • a nozzle lance 10 having an internal diameter of, for example, approximately 6 8 mm, projects, for example, into a water-cooled tuyere 11, through which there is injected into the hearth of a blast furnace the furnace blast 12 pre-heated, for example, t o l,000 C or more, having a speed, for instance, of 200-320 m/sec.
  • the supply of oil 13 is effected by means of the nozzle lance 10.
  • Supply pipe 15 admits measured amounts of water or steam 16 passing from needle valve 14 to lance 10.
  • the added amount of water or steam can always be regulated in a different manner according to the method of operation of the blast furnace.
  • the fuel oil 13 is injected through the nozzle tip, into the blast stream transverse to the direction of the flow at approximately (arrow a).
  • the oil injection direction according to the arrows shown schematically in FIG. 1 can also deviate a certain amount from the 90- radial direction, either forwards (arrow b) or backwards (arrow 0).
  • the nozzle lance 10 or the nozzle tip 1 do not have to be located exactly co-axial the longitudinal central axis L, but can lie off-centre corresponding to the optimum direction of flow of the furnace blast. Moreover there can also be provided several nozzle tips 1 distributed radially.
  • the nozzle tip illustrated on an enlarged scale in FIG. 2 is releasably connected at 7 to the lance 10 and has a number, for example 6, 8 up to 12, of individual nozzles 2 directed radially outwardly, having a diameter, for example, of 3 mm and a noticeable length of bore.
  • a number for example 6, 8 up to 12
  • individual nozzles 2 directed radially outwardly, having a diameter, for example, of 3 mm and a noticeable length of bore.
  • approximately 260 kg of fuel oil can be injected, at approximately 3 atmospheres excess pressure in the nozzle lance 10 with respect to the blast pressure, and a viscosity of 15 cSt having an outlet speed of approximately 20 25 m/sec.
  • the distance of the nozzle tip 10 from the front tuyere aperture amounts to, 250 mm for example, with an average diameter of the tuyere of 200 300 mm.
  • the nozzle tip 1 has a central distribution chamber 3, from which the nozzles 2 start and into which an oil flow nozzle 4 can project, which supplies the oil 13 to the front end 6 of the distribution chamber 3 so that this end can be cooled.
  • an eddy chamber 5 from which the oil 13 is injected out through the nozzles 2.
  • An axially extended nozzle tip 1a, according to FIG. 3 can also be used in which the fuel oil reaches the furnace blast 12 by means of an injection region 17 extending in axial direction of the tuyere.
  • the injection angle of the individual nozzles can also be directed obliquely according to the arrows d, e and f in FIG. 3, in particular obliquely or inclined to each other, so that at the same time as the more regular distribution of the oil supply over the tuyere crosssection the atomization followed subsequently to the distribution is improved.
  • the front set of nozzles respectively can have an injection direction which can be directed backwards, in order to compensate for the effect in the speed of the blast.
  • every injected jet of oil first has a radial path which on the way radially outward is similar to a parabolic curve which is changed at about two-thirds of the inner radius of the tuyere outward to the axial direction.
  • the initial speed of the oil is calculated such that the oil jets do not contact the inner walls of the tuyeres.
  • the desintegration or atomization of the jet beams starts approximately in the area at which their direction is turned to the axial direction.
  • the oil supply can be regulated by changing the supply pressure, but a better way is to replace the nozzle tips 1.
  • Nozzle tips for different total amounts of oil to be injected can be kept available for 50 kg oil/h or 60 kg oil/h etc, so that the optimum injection characteristics are attained at the time of changing the total of the oil supply.
  • a further possibility for improving the uniformity of the fuel oil injection lies in forming the diameter of the individual nozzles in a different manner systematically so that, for example, one set of nozzles covers a narrow injection area and another set of nozzles covers an outer injection area.
  • the uniformity of the fuel oil injection can be attained by the angularly staggered arrangement along the periphery of the nozzle tip 1 of two axially spaced sets of nozzles.
  • a method for injecting more than 50-100 kg fuel oil/ton of pig iron into a blast furnace or the like comprising the steps of passing combustion air at a temperature of about 1,000C through a tuyere having a longitudinal axis and a smooth continuous inner wall having a frusto-conical shape becoming smaller in cross section in the directionof the combustion air flow; positioning at least the nozzle of an oil lance along the axis of said tuyere, which oil lance has a plurality of nozzles about the circumference of the lance, the axis of each nozzle being generally directed radially outwardly introducing up to percent by weight of water to the fuel oil; then injecting a stream of liquid oil and water through the nozzles generally radially outwardly towards the inner wall of the tuyere at an exit speed relative to the speed of the combustion air passing through the tuyere of approximately a ratio of 1:10 such that the injected oil and water remains a coherent stream until it has traveled the majority of the distance
  • Apparatus for injecting fuel oil into a blast furnace or the like comprising a tuyere having a longitudinal axis and a smooth continuous inner wall; an oil lance positioned along the axis of said tuyere; a cap on the end of the oil lance and an oil flow nozzle of gradually decreasing cross-section axially upstream said end so as to form an eddy chamber between the end of the cap and the oil flow nozzle; and at least one nozzle in the wall of the eddy chamber which nozzle has an axis directed radially outwardly so that the oil flows through the oil flow nozzle directly impinging against the end of the cap to cool same, changes direction in the eddy chamber and exits from the nozzle in a coherent stream.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein there are a plurality of nozzles in the wall defining the eddy chamber; a first set of nozzles are arranged about the circumference, their axes being 90 to the longitudinal axis; a second set of nozzles arranged about the circumference intermediate said first set and the end of the cap, the axes of said second set being inclined upstream the gas flow in the tuyere so that the coherent streams of oil issuing from the second set of nozzles impinges the coherent streams of oil issuing from the first set at a radial distance from the nozzle exits to augment the atomization of the oil.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
US00191451A 1970-10-21 1971-10-21 Method and apparatus for injecting oil into the tuyeres of a blast furnace Expired - Lifetime US3833356A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702051676 DE2051676C (de) 1970-10-21 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zusetzen von Heizöl in einen Hochofen

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US3833356A true US3833356A (en) 1974-09-03

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US (1) US3833356A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5140524B1 (ja)
AT (1) AT332434B (ja)
FR (1) FR2111753B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1373540A (ja)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3920230A (en) * 1974-08-29 1975-11-18 Republic Steel Corp Blast furnace fuel injector lance
US4127259A (en) * 1973-10-04 1978-11-28 Luth Friedrich A K Apparatus for controlling the injection of oil into a blast furnace
US4301997A (en) * 1978-06-30 1981-11-24 Southwire Company Continuous copper melting furnace
US4313827A (en) * 1980-09-04 1982-02-02 Fischer & Porter Co. Enhanced disinfection system
US5227117A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-07-13 Usx Corporation Apparatus for blast furnace fuel injection
US20030227955A1 (en) * 2002-06-10 2003-12-11 George Emanuel Efficient method and apparatus for generating singlet delta oxygen at an elevated pressure
US20070110117A1 (en) * 2002-06-10 2007-05-17 George Emanuel Efficient Method and Apparatus for Generating Singlet Delta Oxygen at an Elevated Pressure
US20080022907A1 (en) * 2006-07-28 2008-01-31 Alstom Technology Ltd Ash fluidization system and method
US20080211148A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2008-09-04 U.S. Steel Canada Inc. Apparatus and method for injection of fluid hydrocarbons into a blast furnace
US20100294468A1 (en) * 2009-05-19 2010-11-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Direct-contact steam condenser

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US290343A (en) * 1883-12-18 And henry franklin
US1393749A (en) * 1919-12-08 1921-10-18 American Metal Co Ltd Blast-furnace
US1511019A (en) * 1922-07-24 1924-10-07 Ferguson Furnace Company Burner
US2175517A (en) * 1939-03-16 1939-10-10 Emulsions Process Corp Method of utilizing fuel oils in the operation of iron blast furnaces
US2965163A (en) * 1957-05-01 1960-12-20 Peabody Engineering Corp Multiple fuel burner
US3154134A (en) * 1954-04-30 1964-10-27 Bloom Eng Co Inc Variable flame type gas burner
US3197305A (en) * 1962-01-15 1965-07-27 Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp Iron blast furnace fuel injection
US3207597A (en) * 1961-10-19 1965-09-21 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Method of adding a liquid fuel to the air blast in a shaft furnace or specifically in a blast furnace

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US290343A (en) * 1883-12-18 And henry franklin
US1393749A (en) * 1919-12-08 1921-10-18 American Metal Co Ltd Blast-furnace
US1511019A (en) * 1922-07-24 1924-10-07 Ferguson Furnace Company Burner
US2175517A (en) * 1939-03-16 1939-10-10 Emulsions Process Corp Method of utilizing fuel oils in the operation of iron blast furnaces
US3154134A (en) * 1954-04-30 1964-10-27 Bloom Eng Co Inc Variable flame type gas burner
US2965163A (en) * 1957-05-01 1960-12-20 Peabody Engineering Corp Multiple fuel burner
US3207597A (en) * 1961-10-19 1965-09-21 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Method of adding a liquid fuel to the air blast in a shaft furnace or specifically in a blast furnace
US3197305A (en) * 1962-01-15 1965-07-27 Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp Iron blast furnace fuel injection

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4127259A (en) * 1973-10-04 1978-11-28 Luth Friedrich A K Apparatus for controlling the injection of oil into a blast furnace
US3920230A (en) * 1974-08-29 1975-11-18 Republic Steel Corp Blast furnace fuel injector lance
US4301997A (en) * 1978-06-30 1981-11-24 Southwire Company Continuous copper melting furnace
US4313827A (en) * 1980-09-04 1982-02-02 Fischer & Porter Co. Enhanced disinfection system
US5227117A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-07-13 Usx Corporation Apparatus for blast furnace fuel injection
US7116696B2 (en) 2002-06-10 2006-10-03 Ksy Corporation Efficient method and apparatus for generating singlet delta oxygen at an elevated pressure
US20030227955A1 (en) * 2002-06-10 2003-12-11 George Emanuel Efficient method and apparatus for generating singlet delta oxygen at an elevated pressure
US20070110117A1 (en) * 2002-06-10 2007-05-17 George Emanuel Efficient Method and Apparatus for Generating Singlet Delta Oxygen at an Elevated Pressure
US7397836B2 (en) 2002-06-10 2008-07-08 Ksy Corporation Efficient method and apparatus for generating singlet delta oxygen at an elevated pressure
US20080022907A1 (en) * 2006-07-28 2008-01-31 Alstom Technology Ltd Ash fluidization system and method
US8826488B2 (en) 2006-07-28 2014-09-09 Alstom Technology Ltd Ash fluidization system and method
US20080211148A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2008-09-04 U.S. Steel Canada Inc. Apparatus and method for injection of fluid hydrocarbons into a blast furnace
US7837928B2 (en) * 2007-01-16 2010-11-23 U.S. Steel Canada Inc. Apparatus and method for injection of fluid hydrocarbons into a blast furnace
US20100294468A1 (en) * 2009-05-19 2010-11-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Direct-contact steam condenser
US8567768B2 (en) * 2009-05-19 2013-10-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Direct-contact steam condenser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2051676B2 (de) 1973-01-04
GB1373540A (en) 1974-11-13
DE2051676A1 (de) 1972-05-31
AT332434B (de) 1976-09-27
JPS5140524B1 (ja) 1976-11-04
FR2111753B1 (ja) 1975-02-07
ATA911771A (de) 1976-01-15
FR2111753A1 (ja) 1972-06-09

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