US3830910A - Pseudo-synovial plastic body fluids and method of preparing same - Google Patents
Pseudo-synovial plastic body fluids and method of preparing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3830910A US3830910A US00235311A US23531172A US3830910A US 3830910 A US3830910 A US 3830910A US 00235311 A US00235311 A US 00235311A US 23531172 A US23531172 A US 23531172A US 3830910 A US3830910 A US 3830910A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sodium carboxymethylcellulose
- pseudo
- fluid
- synovial fluid
- synovial
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 42
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 41
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 41
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 210000001179 synovial fluid Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108010052322 limitin Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 3
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002216 methylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000028709 inflammatory response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008407 joint function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000629 knee joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCl FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 2
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose Chemical compound N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282465 Canis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001448 anionic polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002159 anterior chamber Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-galactosamine Natural products NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002442 glucosamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical group O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000344 non-irritating Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 201000008482 osteoarthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000007686 potassium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003834 purity and quality standard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010039073 rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012956 testing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/42—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
Definitions
- the fluid is prepared by adding the salts and preservative to water being stirred at high speed and thereafter the sodium carboxymethylcellulose is slowly added and stirred into the liquid.
- synovial fluid is normally present in human bodies in the cavities of the freely movable joints, in the bursae and within tendon sheaths, particularly where the tendons change their direction and pass under or through the fibrous slings or bony prominences. Such fluid appears to function as a lubricant and a shock absorbing medium. It is believed that the visco-elastic or pseudo-plasticity of the synovial fluid contributes crucially to optimum joint function.
- the synovial fluid has the property of having an apparent viscosity increase as the rate of shear applied is decreased.
- the viscosity and pseudo-plasticity of synovial fluid is sharply impaired as a result of pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and trauma.
- the resulting impairment of lubrication ability would predispose the articulating surfaces of the joint to premature wear trauma.
- the present invention relates to an improved fluid having substantially the same rheological proper-ties as human synovial fluid.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a pseudo-synovial fluid suitable for injection into a joint to replace or augment synovial fluid to prevent additional "ice
- Another object is to provide an improved pseudosynovial fluid which is stable for storing at room temperatures and which can be sterilized by boiling or autoclaving.
- a still further object is to provide a pseudo-plastic fluid having properties close to body fluids exhibiting pseudoplasticity.
- ovial fluid may be considered to be a dialysate of blood plasma with the addition of hyaluronic acid.
- Hyaluronic acid is an anionic polyelectrolyte formed by alternating molecules of D-glucoronic acid and acetylated glucosamine. In a physiological salt solution this anionic polymer would characteristically interact with cations and water within the solution with concomitant formation of ionic double layers. These interactions would magnify the effect of volume of the hyaluronic acid molecule giving rise to the observed pseudo-plastic behavior. Direct chain to chain interaction at least in concentrated hyaluronic acid solutions appears to play a relatively minor role in the overall viscoelastic behavior of such solutions.
- pseudo-synovial fluid of the present invention does not create an inflammatory response and closely approximates the properties of human synovial fluid.
- This pseudo-synovial fluid is prepared as hereinafter set forth from a premium refined grade of sodium carboxymethylcellulose which is widely used in the preparation of foods and is commonly known as cellulose gum.
- Sodium carboxymethylcellulose has been found to have a close structural resemblance to hyaluronic acid.
- the sodium carboxymethylcellulose is prepared from natural cellulose and therefore reflects a molecular weight range according to the cellulose source. It is characterized by an average degree of polymerization derived from the range of molecular weight fractions within the raw cellulose. The molecular weight is a major factor controlling the viscosity of aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
- Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is prepared by reacting cellulose swelled with alkali with sodium monochloroacetate. Since each anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose structure has three reactive hydroxyl sites which can react with sodium monochloroacetate, a fully substituted product would have a degree of substitution of three.
- the degree of substitution is the prime factor effecting water solubility of sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Optimum solubility for most applications occurs at a degree of substitution of about 0.7 which is far below the theoretical maximum.
- the crystalline regions of cellulose increase the possibility of non-uniform substitution because these regions are not as readily accessible to the reactants as the amorphous regions. Non-uniform substitution causes degrees of thixotropicity of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solutions.
- the sodium carboxymethylcellulose used was a premium refined grade P75-XH obtained from the Explosive Department of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company (Inc).
- the sodium salt of this grade material constitutes not less than 99.5% of the total product on a dry weight basis.
- salts normally occurring in the body were added.
- Such salts were sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium chloride and potassium orthophosphate-mono-H.
- an anti-microbial agent such as methyl parahydroxybenzoate was added. The amounts of the salts used were adjusted to be close to those occurring in blood plasma.
- the pseudo-synovial fluid is prepared by adding the 500 ml. of distilled water to a mixer, or other suitable stirring device having suflicient liquid capacity such as 1,000 ml. With the mixer operating at high speed the salt ingredients and anti-microbial ingredient were sprinkled into the water and mixing continued for approximately three minutes to assure complete solution. The sodium carboxymethylcellulose was then added by sprinkling slowly into the vortex of the salt solution over a period of three minutes with the mixer still at high speed. A uniform dispersal and solution of the ingredients was thereby obtained. This method produced the most pro nounced pseudo-plastic behavior of the prepared fluid. It should be noted that in the same formulation prepared by adding the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the water and thereafter adding the anti-microbial and salt ingredients, the fluid produced thereby consistently yielded a product of reduced pseudo-plasticity as compared to the fluid prepared in the preferred manner.
- the sodium carboxymethylcellulose is used in the range from 0.8 to 1.2 percent (preferably 1.0 percent) by weight and has a Brookfield viscosity in a one percent aqueous solution of at least 2,500 cps. at 25 C.
- the sodium carboxymethylcellulose is selected to have a distribution of anions along its chain and a molecular weight distribution to provide the desired pseudo-plasticity or viscosity/shear characteristics of the fluid which is being simulated.
- pseudo-synovial fluid of the present invention efliciently simulates the pseudo-plastic behavior of synovial fluid. It has been subjected to animal tests and was found non-irritating in the anterior chamber of the animals eyes and to knee joint tissue.
- a similar fluid may be prepared which approximates the aqueous and vitreous humour by increasing the concentration of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to a concentration within the range from 2 to 4 weight percent.
- the aqueous humour from animals such as canines and rabbits is approximated by the lower end of such range and then vitreous humour is approximated by the higher end of such range.
- the simulated human vitreous humour would fall within the range from 2 /2 to 3 /2 weight percent.
- the present invention has provided an improved pseudo-synovial fluid which closely simulates human synovial fluid and does not have an inflammatory response.
- the preferred method of preparing such pseudo-synovial fluid has also been clearly disclosed.
- the method of preparing a synthetic body solution including the steps of mechanically stirring distilled water,
- said inorganic salts being those salts normally present in blood plasma and being in relatively the same proportion in the resulting synthetic body solutions as in blood plasma, and
- sodium carboxymethylcellulose having a Brookfield viscosity in an aqueous solution of one percent by weight of at least 2,500 cps. at C.
- said inorganic salts being those salts normally present in blood plasma and being in relatively the same proportion in the resulting synthetic body solution as in blood plasma, and
- sodium carboxymethylcellulose having a Brookfield viscosity in an aqueous solution of one percent by weight of at least 2,500 cps. at 25 C.
- the concentration of said sodium carboxymethylcellulose being in one of the ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 and 2 to 4 weight percent.
- a synthetic body solution comprising a water solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and inorganic salts
- said inorganic salts being those salts normally present in blood plasma and being in relatively the same proportion as in blood plasma,
- the resultant concentration of said sodium carboxymethylcellulose being sufficient to provide approximately the physical characteristics of the body solution being simulated and not greater than four percent by weight.
- a synthetic body solution according to claim 4 in cluding an anti-microbial agent, and said inorganic salts including, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium chloride, and potassium ortho-phosphate mono-H.
- a pseudo-synovial fluid comprising a water solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and inorganic salts
- said inorganic salts being those salts normally present in blood plasma and being in relatively the same proportion as in blood plasma, said sodium carboxymethylcellulose having a Brookfield viscosity in an aqueous solution of one percent by Weight of at least 2,500 cps. at 25 C.,
- the resultant concentration of said sodium carboxymethylcellulose being sufficient so that the resultant solution has viscosity and shear rate characteristics whose logarithms are linearly related and approximate the viscosity, shear rate relationship of human synovial fluid.
- a synthetic body solution comprising a water solution of inorganic salts and sodium carboxymethylcellulose
- said inorganic salts being those salts normally present in blood plasma and being in relatively the same proportion as in blood plasma,
- said sodium carboxymethylcellulose having a Brookfield viscosity in an aqueous solution of one percent by weight of at least 2,500 cps. at 25 C.
- the resultant concentration of said sodium carboxymethylcellulose being sufficient to provide the approximate characteristics of the body solution being simulated and being in one of the ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 and 2 to 4 weight percent.
- a pseudo-synovial fluid comprising a solution which is the equivalent of the following dissolved in 500 milliliters of distilled Water,
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Priority Applications (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00235311A US3830910A (en) | 1972-03-16 | 1972-03-16 | Pseudo-synovial plastic body fluids and method of preparing same |
| CA165,323A CA1011251A (en) | 1972-03-16 | 1973-03-06 | Pseudo-plastic synovial-like body fluids and methods of preparing same |
| GB1135273A GB1391577A (en) | 1972-03-16 | 1973-03-08 | Pseudosynovial plastic body fluids and method of preparing same |
| IE377/73A IE37384B1 (en) | 1972-03-16 | 1973-03-08 | Pseudo-synovial plastic body fluids and method of preparing same |
| ZA731754A ZA731754B (en) | 1972-03-16 | 1973-03-13 | Pseudo-synovial plastic body fluids and method of preparing same |
| AU53312/73A AU475354B2 (en) | 1972-03-16 | 1973-03-15 | Pseudo-synovial plastic body fluids and method of preparing |
| NL7303596A NL7303596A (enExample) | 1972-03-16 | 1973-03-15 | |
| SE7303611A SE425143B (sv) | 1972-03-16 | 1973-03-15 | Syntetisk kroppsvetska till anvendning sasom ersettning eller utokning av ledvetska, kammarvatten eller glaskroppen och forfarande for framstellning derav |
| FR7309303A FR2181824B1 (enExample) | 1972-03-16 | 1973-03-15 | |
| JP48030162A JPS49417A (enExample) | 1972-03-16 | 1973-03-16 | |
| BE128884A BE796883A (fr) | 1972-03-16 | 1973-03-16 | Fluides corporels synthetiques et leur procede de preparation |
| DE2313221A DE2313221A1 (de) | 1972-03-16 | 1973-03-16 | Kuenstliche gelenkschmiere und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00235311A US3830910A (en) | 1972-03-16 | 1972-03-16 | Pseudo-synovial plastic body fluids and method of preparing same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3830910A true US3830910A (en) | 1974-08-20 |
Family
ID=22884974
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00235311A Expired - Lifetime US3830910A (en) | 1972-03-16 | 1972-03-16 | Pseudo-synovial plastic body fluids and method of preparing same |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3830910A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS49417A (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU475354B2 (enExample) |
| BE (1) | BE796883A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1011251A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2313221A1 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2181824B1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1391577A (enExample) |
| IE (1) | IE37384B1 (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL7303596A (enExample) |
| SE (1) | SE425143B (enExample) |
| ZA (1) | ZA731754B (enExample) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4154822A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1979-05-15 | The University Of Chicago | Polysaccharide for enhancement of cardiac output |
| US5466680A (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1995-11-14 | Cytologics, Inc. | Method and compositions for enhancing white blood cell functioning on a mucosal or cutaneous surface |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06248023A (ja) * | 1993-02-26 | 1994-09-06 | Shinnakamura Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 高分子化合物および帯電防止剤 |
| ITMI20091969A1 (it) * | 2009-11-11 | 2011-05-12 | Claudia Battaglino | Composizione oftalmica |
| DE102011055683A1 (de) * | 2011-11-24 | 2013-05-29 | Götz von Foerster | Synthetisches Schmiermittel zur Verwendung als Synovialflüssigkeitsersatz |
-
1972
- 1972-03-16 US US00235311A patent/US3830910A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1973
- 1973-03-06 CA CA165,323A patent/CA1011251A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-08 IE IE377/73A patent/IE37384B1/xx unknown
- 1973-03-08 GB GB1135273A patent/GB1391577A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-13 ZA ZA731754A patent/ZA731754B/xx unknown
- 1973-03-15 AU AU53312/73A patent/AU475354B2/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-15 SE SE7303611A patent/SE425143B/xx unknown
- 1973-03-15 NL NL7303596A patent/NL7303596A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1973-03-15 FR FR7309303A patent/FR2181824B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-03-16 DE DE2313221A patent/DE2313221A1/de active Pending
- 1973-03-16 BE BE128884A patent/BE796883A/xx unknown
- 1973-03-16 JP JP48030162A patent/JPS49417A/ja active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4154822A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1979-05-15 | The University Of Chicago | Polysaccharide for enhancement of cardiac output |
| US5466680A (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1995-11-14 | Cytologics, Inc. | Method and compositions for enhancing white blood cell functioning on a mucosal or cutaneous surface |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2181824A1 (enExample) | 1973-12-07 |
| DE2313221A1 (de) | 1973-09-20 |
| BE796883A (fr) | 1973-07-16 |
| AU475354B2 (en) | 1976-08-19 |
| AU5331273A (en) | 1974-09-19 |
| GB1391577A (en) | 1975-04-23 |
| ZA731754B (en) | 1973-12-19 |
| NL7303596A (enExample) | 1973-09-18 |
| FR2181824B1 (enExample) | 1976-09-03 |
| JPS49417A (enExample) | 1974-01-05 |
| IE37384B1 (en) | 1977-07-06 |
| CA1011251A (en) | 1977-05-31 |
| SE425143B (sv) | 1982-09-06 |
| IE37384L (en) | 1973-09-16 |
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