US3825932A - Waveguide antenna - Google Patents

Waveguide antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US3825932A
US3825932A US00360724A US36072473A US3825932A US 3825932 A US3825932 A US 3825932A US 00360724 A US00360724 A US 00360724A US 36072473 A US36072473 A US 36072473A US 3825932 A US3825932 A US 3825932A
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United States
Prior art keywords
frequency
waveguide
antenna
waveguides
operating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00360724A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Hockham
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/42—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more imbricated arrays

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [30] Forelgn Applicafim! Priority Data This invention relates to a multi-frequency phased June 8, 1972 Great Br1ta1n... 26760/72 array t erable bearn waveguide antenna in which the waveguide radiator elements have a cut-off frequency [52] US.
  • SHEET 20F 2 WAVEGUIDE ANTENNA BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to waveguide antennas, and particularly but not exclusively to phased array steerable beam antennas.
  • the array may consist possibly of several thousand individual equipment, radiators. There may be a number of such equipments on one ship, with each equipment having its antenna designed for operation at the particular frequency of operation of that equipment.
  • a phased array steerable beam antenna may be constructed using as the individual radiator elements open-ended waveguides operating in the evanescent mode. Since such evanescent waveguide has a significantly smaller size for a given operating frequency than propagating waveguide, this evanescent waveguide antenna offers the advantage of a reduction in both space requirements and in weight as compared with propagating waveguide, 'and also facilitates achieving a suitable spacing between adjacent waveguides so as to obtain a practically useful beam scan capability (of up to i60) while limiting secondary beams in real space.
  • a multiple frequency waveguide antenna comprising a plurality of radiating elements each comprising a length of open-ended waveguide having a cutoff frequency between first and second operating frequencies of the antenna; and means for terminating each of said plurality so that the radiating element has a first passband centered on the first operating frequency and a second passband centered on the second operating frequency.
  • FIG. 1 is a radiating end view of a dual frequency phase array steerable beam antenna
  • FIG. 2 is a side view showing details of a waveguide radiator element with a single input.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view showing details of a waveguide radiator element with dual inputs.
  • the antenna shown in FIG. 1 is designed for either separate or simultaneous operation at two different frequencies, e.g., 1.3 GHz (L-Band) and 3.6 GHz (S- band), and comprises an array of waveguides l terminating open-ended at apertures 2 in a conducting ground plane 3.
  • L-Band 1.3 GHz
  • S- band 3.6 GHz
  • the array is in the form of staggered rows (a triangular lattice configuration).
  • the row pitch is 0.94 M, where A is the wavelength at the higher operating frequency and the column pitch is 0.33 A
  • Each waveguide is of rectangular cross-section with a width of 0.91 A
  • each waveguide of 5 length d
  • a slice of dielectric 4 with an inductive iris as the aperture, and there is a single input 5.
  • each waveguide is such that for the higher operating frequency, it is propagating. With the approximately threefold increase in wavelength at the lower operating frequency, the waveguides are nonpropagating at the lower operating frequency, i.e., the cut-off frequency is between the two operating frequencies.
  • the length d) and the termination provided by the dielectric slice 4 are so chosen that the waveguide functions as an evanescent mode resonator so that there is a passband centered on this frequency.
  • dominant mode waveguide As is well known, dominant mode waveguide'ceases to propagate progressive waves below its cut-off frequency, and the mode is said to be evanescenL'Waveguide in which the dominant mode is evanescent has a positive imaginary (inductive) characteristic impedance (jZ to an incident H mode and a real propagation constant (1 and therefore behaves essentially as a pure reactance. If a short section (of length qb) of this guide is terminated in an obstacle which presents a conjugate (capacitive) reactance at a frequency below the cut-off frequency, the incident power at that frequency will be completely transmitted through the section.
  • the evanescent mode resonator formed by the waveguide at the lower operating frequency of the antenna therefore comprises a single section resonator (of length (1)), the conjugate match being provided by the dielectric slice as the capacitive obstacle.
  • This dielectric at the open end of the waveguide serves to provide both physical continuation of the ground plane and also to take into account the junction effect at the aperture.
  • the dielectric slice at this higher frequency is additionally arranged to match the waveguide impedance at this frequency, so that there is a passband centered on this higher frequency.
  • the resulting beam radiated by the array is steered in known manner by suitable control of phase shifters (not shown) in the feed circuit to the inputs of the waveguides from a microwave source or sources supplying the operating frequencies.
  • each waveguide possesses a separate input for each band of operation, input 6 for L-band and input 7 for S-band, with a metal septum 8 (E-plane bifurcation) so that the structure consists of two reduced height waveguides located on top of one another for the length of the bifurcation and then a single waveguide terminated in a dielectric plug 4.
  • the use of separate connectors 3. improves the isolation between the ports which is important for the successful operation of a practical system.
  • a tuning screw 9A, 9B In reach reduced height waveguide there is a tuning screw 9A, 9B respectively, and matching obstacles A, 103 respectively.
  • the distance between obstacle 10A and the end of the bifurcation 8 is (1) and the distance between the end of the bifurcation 8 and the dielectric plug, of thickness (1) is
  • the aperture dimensions (iris width) dielectric thickness-and permittivity are chosen for the antenna (a) to resonate at the desired L-band frequency since the unloaded waveguide is below cut-off for this frequency and (b) for a match to be achieved at the desired S-band frequencies.
  • the L-band section of the antenna is a three cavity structure consisting of the coupling loop, intermediate obstacle 10A and the aperture.
  • obstacle 10A must be quite a large susceptance it presents a good obstacle to the S-band energy coupled round the edge of the bifurcation and consequently gives rise to good isolation.
  • Coupling at L-band to the high frequency port is low because the waveguide is operating below cut-off at this frequency and since it is untuned the field decays quite rapidly away from the bifurcated edge towards the S-band coupling loop.
  • the performance of the L-band section of the antenna is also dependent on the length but is quite insensitive to the actual value of (b provided the obstacle 10A does not become too close to the bifurcated edge. This is important since the length can be chosen to match the aperture at the high frequency band. 7
  • a multiple frequency waveguide antenna comprising:
  • each of said plurality has aseparate input for each of said operating frequencies and wherein each of said plurality has an E-plane bifurcation beginning at said sepa-' rate inputs and extending along a partial length of said element;
  • each of said plurality terminates open-ended at an aperture in a conducting ground plane.
  • a waveguide antenna according to claim 2 wherein a slice of dielectric material is provided at said aperture.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US00360724A 1972-06-08 1973-05-16 Waveguide antenna Expired - Lifetime US3825932A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2676072A GB1368879A (en) 1972-06-08 1972-06-08 Waveguide antenna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3825932A true US3825932A (en) 1974-07-23

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ID=10248771

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00360724A Expired - Lifetime US3825932A (en) 1972-06-08 1973-05-16 Waveguide antenna

Country Status (10)

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US (1) US3825932A (bs)
JP (1) JPS4963365A (bs)
BE (1) BE800646A (bs)
DE (1) DE2328632A1 (bs)
ES (1) ES415656A1 (bs)
FR (1) FR2188325B1 (bs)
GB (1) GB1368879A (bs)
IT (1) IT988778B (bs)
NL (1) NL7307906A (bs)
ZA (1) ZA733355B (bs)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3942138A (en) * 1974-02-04 1976-03-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Short depth hardened waveguide launcher assembly element
WO1984004855A1 (en) * 1983-05-20 1984-12-06 Hughes Aircraft Co Dual band phased array using wideband elements with diplexer
US4489331A (en) * 1981-01-23 1984-12-18 Thomson-Csf Two-band microwave antenna with nested horns for feeding a sub and main reflector
US5136304A (en) * 1989-07-14 1992-08-04 The Boeing Company Electronically tunable phased array element
US5404148A (en) * 1991-11-27 1995-04-04 Hollandse Signaalapparaten B.V. Phased array antenna module
WO1999019939A1 (en) * 1997-10-11 1999-04-22 The Secretary Of State For Defence Dual band phased array antenna
US6043791A (en) * 1998-04-27 2000-03-28 Sensis Corporation Limited scan phased array antenna
US20030062972A1 (en) * 2001-09-10 2003-04-03 Tdk Corporation Bandpass filter
FR2830987A1 (fr) * 2001-10-11 2003-04-18 Thomson Licensing Sa Perfectionnement aux antennes-sources alimentees par guide d'ondes
US20060114165A1 (en) * 2002-11-04 2006-06-01 Vivato, Inc. Antenna Assembly
US10553940B1 (en) 2018-08-30 2020-02-04 Viasat, Inc. Antenna array with independently rotated radiating elements

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1426534A (en) * 1974-02-07 1976-03-03 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Waveguide switch

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2658145A (en) * 1946-01-07 1953-11-03 Dorne Arthur Cavity antenna
US3761937A (en) * 1972-05-11 1973-09-25 Gen Dynamics Corp Radio frequency transmitting apparatus having slotted metallic radio frequency windows

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3623111A (en) * 1969-10-06 1971-11-23 Us Navy Multiaperture radiating array antenna
GB1312506A (en) * 1970-06-08 1973-04-04 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Waveguide antenna

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2658145A (en) * 1946-01-07 1953-11-03 Dorne Arthur Cavity antenna
US3761937A (en) * 1972-05-11 1973-09-25 Gen Dynamics Corp Radio frequency transmitting apparatus having slotted metallic radio frequency windows

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3942138A (en) * 1974-02-04 1976-03-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Short depth hardened waveguide launcher assembly element
US4489331A (en) * 1981-01-23 1984-12-18 Thomson-Csf Two-band microwave antenna with nested horns for feeding a sub and main reflector
WO1984004855A1 (en) * 1983-05-20 1984-12-06 Hughes Aircraft Co Dual band phased array using wideband elements with diplexer
JPS60501388A (ja) * 1983-05-20 1985-08-22 ヒユ−ズ・エアクラフト・カンパニ− デュアルバンドマイクロ波帯周波数フェーズドアレーアンテナ
US4689627A (en) * 1983-05-20 1987-08-25 Hughes Aircraft Company Dual band phased antenna array using wideband element with diplexer
JPH0416961B2 (bs) * 1983-05-20 1992-03-25 Hughes Aircraft Co
US5136304A (en) * 1989-07-14 1992-08-04 The Boeing Company Electronically tunable phased array element
US5404148A (en) * 1991-11-27 1995-04-04 Hollandse Signaalapparaten B.V. Phased array antenna module
WO1999019939A1 (en) * 1997-10-11 1999-04-22 The Secretary Of State For Defence Dual band phased array antenna
US6043791A (en) * 1998-04-27 2000-03-28 Sensis Corporation Limited scan phased array antenna
US20030062972A1 (en) * 2001-09-10 2003-04-03 Tdk Corporation Bandpass filter
US6828880B2 (en) * 2001-09-10 2004-12-07 Tdk Corporation Bandpass filter
FR2830987A1 (fr) * 2001-10-11 2003-04-18 Thomson Licensing Sa Perfectionnement aux antennes-sources alimentees par guide d'ondes
US20060114165A1 (en) * 2002-11-04 2006-06-01 Vivato, Inc. Antenna Assembly
US10553940B1 (en) 2018-08-30 2020-02-04 Viasat, Inc. Antenna array with independently rotated radiating elements
US10727581B2 (en) 2018-08-30 2020-07-28 Viasat, Inc. Antenna array with independently rotated radiating elements technical field
US11404775B2 (en) 2018-08-30 2022-08-02 Viasat, Inc. Antenna array with independently rotated radiating elements
US11688938B2 (en) 2018-08-30 2023-06-27 Viasat, Inc. Antenna array with independently rotated radiating elements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4963365A (bs) 1974-06-19
FR2188325B1 (bs) 1977-02-11
ES415656A1 (es) 1976-06-01
GB1368879A (en) 1974-10-02
ZA733355B (en) 1974-04-24
BE800646A (nl) 1973-12-10
FR2188325A1 (bs) 1974-01-18
DE2328632A1 (de) 1974-01-03
IT988778B (it) 1975-04-30
NL7307906A (bs) 1973-12-11

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