US3824172A - Electrolytic cell for alkali metal chlorates - Google Patents

Electrolytic cell for alkali metal chlorates Download PDF

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Publication number
US3824172A
US3824172A US00272830A US27283072A US3824172A US 3824172 A US3824172 A US 3824172A US 00272830 A US00272830 A US 00272830A US 27283072 A US27283072 A US 27283072A US 3824172 A US3824172 A US 3824172A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cell
headboard
tank
cathode
electrolytic cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00272830A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Hodges
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arkema Inc
Penn Olin Chemical Co
Original Assignee
Penn Olin Chemical Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Penn Olin Chemical Co filed Critical Penn Olin Chemical Co
Priority to US00272830A priority Critical patent/US3824172A/en
Priority to CA168,578A priority patent/CA1021287A/en
Priority to IT49781/73A priority patent/IT984913B/it
Priority to GB2159073A priority patent/GB1423251A/en
Priority to GB1688075A priority patent/GB1423252A/en
Priority to FR7318713A priority patent/FR2192975B1/fr
Priority to NLAANVRAGE7308007,A priority patent/NL180685C/xx
Priority to CH883373A priority patent/CH565254A5/xx
Priority to SE7309951A priority patent/SE398651B/xx
Priority to DE2336609A priority patent/DE2336609C3/de
Priority to JP48080422A priority patent/JPS587713B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3824172A publication Critical patent/US3824172A/en
Priority to SE7608766A priority patent/SE430616B/xx
Priority to CA272,718A priority patent/CA1024469A/en
Assigned to ATOCHEM NORTH AMERICA, INC., A PA CORP. reassignment ATOCHEM NORTH AMERICA, INC., A PA CORP. MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME EFFECTIVE ON DECEMBER 31, 1989, IN PENNSYLVANIA Assignors: ATOCHEM INC., A DE CORP. (MERGED INTO), M&T CHEMICALS INC., A DE CORP. (MERGED INTO), PENNWALT CORPORATION, A PA CORP. (CHANGED TO)
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof

Definitions

  • Electrolytic cell includes pairs of flat perforate cathodes assembled in fixed spaced apart disposition outside the cell to define modules of open-ended boxli'ke configuration which are then welded to the cell tank walls.
  • a coated metal anode is received between each cathode pair, chemically resistant insulative guides and spacers providing slidable interelectrode contact to assure exact gap symmetry for the headboard suspended anodes.
  • Electrode power buses of thin section and extended surface intimately contact the headboard and tank surfaces. Flooded cell operation effects cooling of the buses.
  • This invention relates to an electrolytic cell, and more particularly relates to a diaphragmless electrolytic cell which is especially adapted for manufacture of alkali metal chlorates; e.g., sodium chlorate.
  • alkali metal chlorates e.g., sodium chlorate.
  • the present invention advantageously utilizes these dimensionally stable coated metal anodes to construct a diaphragmless monopolar cell of very simple geometry which is conducive to facility in fabrication.
  • the concept of the instant system is modular in nature to afford great flexibility in sizing so as to enable design to a specific production load.
  • the cathodes employed in this electrolytic cell are foraminous in construction thus leading to improved current efficiency.
  • the perforated construction of the cathodes provides a stable configuration which results in consequent reduction in oxygen formation.
  • the cell is operated in flooded condition and the evolved gases are drawn off with the liquid electrolyte through a single opening in the headboard so as to reduce the volume of gas within the cell itself and thereby diminish likelihood of explosion and hazards associated with sparking or short circuits.
  • the cell walls form part of the electrical circuit, the electrode buses being of relatively thin section and extended surface in intimate contact with the exterior walls of the cell tank and headboard so as to permit cooling by the electrolyte being pumped through the cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of an electrolytic alkali metal chlorate cell embodying this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view thereof.
  • FIG. 3 is an end view of the cell.
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view, and partly broken away to show the interior of the cell.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along lines 5-5 of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along lines 6-6 of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an anode plate embodying this invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along lines 8-8 of FIG. 4.
  • an electrolytic cell for electrically producing alkali metal chlorates, for example sodium chlorate, from alkali metal chloride brines.
  • the cell includes substantially rectangular tank or container 10 which is fabricated of a structurally suitable electrically-conductive material, such as hot rolled carbon steel plate.
  • the tank 10 has side walls 12 and 14, end walls 16 and 18, and a closed bottom 20 all welded along the adjacent edges.
  • Dielectric pedestals 22 act as supporting legs and insulate the tank from the ground.
  • a flanged fitting 24 is coupled to a piping system (not shown) which pumps the brine feed from storage tanks into the cell.
  • Pipes 26 distribute the electrolyte uniformly through the lower portion of the tank 10. Heat generated in the cell may be removed either by cooling the recirculating liquor in an external heat exchanger or by pumping cooling water through internal coils (not shown).
  • Cathodes C are fabricated in pairs outside the cell to form modular units having an open-ended boxlike configuration, the. modules thereafter being welded to the cell interior.
  • Each cathode C comprises a hot rolled carbon steel plate having a plurality of slots 28.
  • the slots 28 are shown oriented vertically in a diamond-shaped configuration although other suitable perforate constructions may be provided in the form of expanded metal, mesh or screen, or interlaced strips, or rods or bars.
  • Ap proximately 20 to 30 percent open area is provided to act as a relief for the gases evolved during electrolysis thus promoting current efficiency. However, suflicient cross section of metal is retained so as to maintain current carrying capability.
  • each cathode C Vertically spaced distributor bars 30 are welded to the back of each cathode C in order to shorten the current path and to act as reinforcing stiffening ribs.
  • the lateral edges of each cathode C are welded along seams 32 on opposite sides of the tongues of rabbeted steel bars 34, the latter being coextensive in length with the cathode height.
  • the bars 34 act as spacers for maintaining the cathodes of each module pair in fixed apart disposition to enable reception of the anodes A therebetween.
  • the cathode modules are then secured to the interior of the tank 10 by welding the spacer bars 34 to the end walls 16 and 28 along seams 36.
  • Stringers 38 are welded transversely along the bottom edge of the assembled cathode modules to provide further reinforcement and to act as stops to prevent a suspended anode from falling upon the cell bottom 20 should any anode be accident-ally disconnected.
  • L-shaped clips 40 of a suitable electrically insulative and chemically resistant material, such as polyvinylidene fluoride or polytetrafluoroethylene, are secured by screws 41 along the upper edge of the cathodes C in longitudinally spaced disposition with each other.
  • the insulator clips 40* act as guide stand-offs for the anodes A when the latter are inserted within the boxlike cathode modules and in addition prevent short circuiting in the event of failure of an anode suspension.
  • a flange 42 is welded to the outer perimeter of the tank along the upper edge thereof, and a suitable chemically-resistant and insulative gasket seal 43 applied to the upper surface of the flange and the inner margins of the tank walls adjacent thereto.
  • a conductive headboard 44 preferably of titanium or titanium alloy plate or clad construction, is then mounted upon the flange 42 by insulator bolts 46 to define a lid for the tank and a suspension for the anodes A.
  • Such a clad construction may be sandwich of steel explosively bonded between outer layers of copper and titanium.
  • the anodes A are flat plates of generally rectangular configuration and preferably fabricated of a valve metal, such as titanium, which is coated on both sides with a platinum group metal or metal oxide.
  • a bar 48 of enlarged cross section is welded along the upper edge of the anodes A in order to improve current distribution.
  • a circular pressure foot 50* having a flanged shoulder in which is supported an O-ring 52 is welded to the upper central portion of the distributor bar 48.
  • a highly conductive stud 54 is threaded into registering tapped holes in the pressure foot 50 and the distributor bar.
  • the preferred material for the distributor bar 48 and the pressure foot 50 is again titanium or an alloy thereof.
  • the anodes A are suspended by passing the studs 54 through holes in the headboard 44 and threading nuts 56 over the exposed ends of the studs.
  • the insulators 58 have a diameter which provides a sliding fit with the opposed surfaces of the paired cathodes in each module, as best shown in FIG. 6.
  • a set of three anodes A are inserted within each module by passing the insulators 58 through the spaced guide clips 40 at the upper edge of the openended cathode 'box.
  • the guides 40' and the insulators 58 assure accurate symmetrical spacing of the surface of the anodes with respect to the opposed surfaces of the cathode pairs.
  • the electrode pattern of the foregoing cell is cathode-anode-cathode cathode-anode-cathode-cathodeanode-cathode Current is directed to the anodes A through the studs 54.
  • a thin metal plate 60 of a highly conductive material, such as aluminum or copper, having an extended surface is interposed in face to face contact with the upper surface of the headboard 44 and acts as an anode bus.
  • the abutting faces of the bus 60 and the headboard 44 are highly polished to permit intimate contact with each other.
  • the negative side of the DC. power source is coupled to the cathodes C in a similar manner.
  • Relatively thin U- shaped buses 68 and 70 of copper or aluminium conductor are suitably attached to the walls 14, 16, and 18 in intimate contact therewith as by welding or brazing.
  • Strip terminals 72 are utilized to couple the cathode buses 68 and 70 to lead 74 at the negative side of the DC. power supply.
  • the surface area of the cathode bus strips 68 and 70 is extended to cover a goodly portion of the tank walls, and because of the ability of the expanded surface to dissipate heat, the total metal conductor requirements are accordingly reduced with consequent reduction in thickness.
  • the bus configuration current is permitted to pass through rather than along the cell walls thereby reducing power loss through less conductive metals. Accordingly, the cell walls may be designed in accordance with mechanical rather than electrical consideration.
  • the discharge of the electrolyte being pumped into the cell is through a pipe fitting 76 incorporated in the headboard 44.
  • This causes the cell to be operated in flooded condition such that the electrolyte is being constantly wiped across the interior surfaces of the headboard 44 as well as the tank 10 thus enabling the cell itself to function as a heat exchanger.
  • the cell liquor which may be at a temperature of to F. acts to cool the walls of the cell and the headboard. Consequently, the anode and cathode buses 60, 68 and 70 whose extended surfaces are in intimate contact with the cell per se and operating at a temperature of perhaps 300 F. can be reduced in mass by virtue of the external air cooling and the internal liquid cooling.
  • the discharge of liquor from the pipe fitting 7 6 is then directed to a specially designed external degasser 78 after which the chlorate is separated from the chloride salt by conventional evaporative, crystallizing and centrifuging techniques.
  • the anodes A are inserted between the cathodes C until the shoulder of the distributor bar 48 sits upon the guide stops 40.
  • the cylindrical insulator 58 makes slidable contact with the adjacent cathode surfaces and the guides 40 slidably engage the opposing anode surfaces thereby insuring equal and precise interelectrode gaps. Since the insulators 58 and the guides 40 are of non-metallic materials, danger of scratching the coatings in the anodes is avoided.
  • the modular concept permits great flexibility in design while the extended surface configuration of the electrode buses forming a part of the cell walls allows operation at higher temperatures and greater current densities.
  • An electrolytic cell for producing an alkali metal chlorate from an alkali metal chloride brine comprising:
  • each module being of generally boxlike configuration having an open top and bottom with horizontally spaced apart cathode plates, the upper and lower edges of said cathode plates being respectively spaced vertically from the top and bottom of said tank;
  • each cathodic module suspended within each cathodic module in equally spaced disposition between the cathode plates thereof, the lower edge of each anode terminating substantially coextensive with the lower edge of the corresponding cathode module while the zones between adjacent cathodic modules are devoid of anodes so as to define an electrode pattern;
  • cathode-anode-cathode-cathode-anode-cathode-anode-cathodecathode-anode-cathode means for applying a DC. power source across said anodes and said cathode modules;
  • each of said cathodes is of foraminous construction.
  • the electrolytic cell of claim 2 including conductive members coextensive with said cathodes interconnecting the respective adjacent lateral edges of the cathodes in each module, and means for afiixing said conductive members to the opposing side walls of said tank so that the cathodes are oriented in vertical disposition with the lower edges of the cathodes spaced from the bottom of said tank.
  • the electrolytic cell of claim 3 including a headboard enclosing said tank and suspending each of said anodes, and means for insulating said headboard from said tank.
  • the electrolytic cell of claim 4 including a generally cylindrical insulative member afiixed to the bottom of each anode and having a diameter effecting a sliding fit intermediate adjacent cathodes of each module.
  • the electrolytic cell of claim 5 including insulative clips at the upper edges of the cathodes in each module slidably engaging the opposite surfaces of the anodes suspended therebetween.
  • the invention of claim 4 including thin strips of material of high electrical and thermal conductivity in intimate face-to-face contact with a substantial portion of the exterior surfaces of said headboard and said tank sidewalls respectively to define buses for electrical power.
  • An electrolytic cell comprising:
  • anode means suspended from said headboard in adjacently spaced disposition with said cathode means; means for pumping an electrolyte through said tank intermediate said anode means and said cathode means to maintain the cell in flooded disposition with the electrolyte in contact with substantially the entire interior surface of said tank and said headboard; an anode bus electrically connected to said anode means, said anode bus being of strip material of high conductivity and having an extended surface area in intimate face-to-face contact with the exterior surface of said headboard, a cathode bus formed of strip material of high conductivity and having an extended surface area in intimate face-to-face contact with the exterior surface of said tank, so that the electrolyte being pumped through the cell acts as a heat exchange medium to cool the respective anode and cathode buses via the headboard and tank thereby enabling reduction in the amount of bus material re quired for a given power load; and
  • electrolytic cell of claim 8 wherein a single electrolyte discharge from the cell is located in the headboard so that the cell can be maintained in flooded condition to permit a safe exit of the cell efiluent liquor with the generated gases intimately entrained therein whereby danger from gas explosion is minimized.
  • the electrolytic cell of claim 9 including degassing means for separating the entrained gases from the liquor efiluent.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
US00272830A 1972-07-18 1972-07-18 Electrolytic cell for alkali metal chlorates Expired - Lifetime US3824172A (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00272830A US3824172A (en) 1972-07-18 1972-07-18 Electrolytic cell for alkali metal chlorates
CA168,578A CA1021287A (en) 1972-07-18 1973-04-12 Electrolytic cell for alkali metal chlorates
IT49781/73A IT984913B (it) 1972-07-18 1973-05-03 Cella elettrolitica senza diaframma per la fabbricazione di clorati alcalini
GB2159073A GB1423251A (en) 1972-07-18 1973-05-07 Electrolytic cell for producing alkali metal chlorates
GB1688075A GB1423252A (en) 1972-07-18 1973-05-07 Electrolytic cell for alkali metal chlorates
FR7318713A FR2192975B1 (sh) 1972-07-18 1973-05-23
NLAANVRAGE7308007,A NL180685C (nl) 1972-07-18 1973-06-08 Electrolysecel.
CH883373A CH565254A5 (sh) 1972-07-18 1973-06-18
SE7309951A SE398651B (sv) 1972-07-18 1973-07-16 Elektrolytisk cell for framstellning av alkalimetallklorat
DE2336609A DE2336609C3 (de) 1972-07-18 1973-07-18 Elektrolytische Zelle für die Herstellung von Alkalimetallschloraten aus Alkalimetallschloridlösungen
JP48080422A JPS587713B2 (ja) 1972-07-18 1973-07-18 アルカリキンゾクエンソサンエンヨウデンカイセル
SE7608766A SE430616B (sv) 1972-07-18 1976-08-04 Elektrolyscell
CA272,718A CA1024469A (en) 1972-07-18 1977-02-25 Electrolytic cell for alkali metal chlorates

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00272830A US3824172A (en) 1972-07-18 1972-07-18 Electrolytic cell for alkali metal chlorates

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3824172A true US3824172A (en) 1974-07-16

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ID=23041490

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00272830A Expired - Lifetime US3824172A (en) 1972-07-18 1972-07-18 Electrolytic cell for alkali metal chlorates

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3824172A (sh)
JP (1) JPS587713B2 (sh)
CA (1) CA1021287A (sh)
CH (1) CH565254A5 (sh)
DE (1) DE2336609C3 (sh)
FR (1) FR2192975B1 (sh)
GB (2) GB1423251A (sh)
IT (1) IT984913B (sh)
NL (1) NL180685C (sh)
SE (2) SE398651B (sh)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3957618A (en) * 1973-08-22 1976-05-18 Ernst Spirig Water decomposition apparatus for producing detonating gas
US4039420A (en) * 1976-03-24 1977-08-02 Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation Halate cell top
US4075077A (en) * 1977-05-16 1978-02-21 Pennwalt Corporation Electrolytic cell
US4194953A (en) * 1979-02-16 1980-03-25 Erco Industries Limited Process for producing chlorate and chlorate cell construction
US4326941A (en) * 1979-06-27 1982-04-27 Kemanord Ab Electrolytic cell
US4339312A (en) * 1980-09-10 1982-07-13 Pennwalt Corporation Continuous process for the direct conversion of potassium chloride to potassium chlorate by electrolysis
US4339324A (en) * 1980-12-03 1982-07-13 Henes Products Corp. Polycell gas generator
DE3218259A1 (de) * 1982-05-14 1983-11-24 Henes Products Corp., 85018 Phoenix, Ariz. Mehrzelliger gasgenerator
US4422919A (en) * 1981-09-26 1983-12-27 W. C. Heraeus Gmbh Electrolytic cell
US4657652A (en) * 1986-02-28 1987-04-14 Pennwalt Corporation Electrolytic cell and anode for brine electrolytes
US6805787B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2004-10-19 Severn Trent Services-Water Purification Solutions, Inc. Method and system for generating hypochlorite
FR2945295A1 (fr) * 2009-05-07 2010-11-12 Christian Durand Economiseur de carburant a hydrogene et reducteur de pollution pour moteur a explosion
US10106900B2 (en) * 2016-06-07 2018-10-23 Guangxi University Efficient electrolysis system for sodium chlorate production

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2303093A1 (fr) * 1975-03-06 1976-10-01 Rhone Poulenc Ind Cellule d'electrolyse sans diaphragme, notamment pour l'obtention de chlorates de metaux alcalins
GB0423296D0 (en) * 2004-10-20 2004-11-24 Tencel Ltd Cross-linking and dyeing cellulose fibres

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR508487A (fr) * 1916-03-08 1920-10-13 Georges Charbonneaux Nouvelle disposition relative aux bains électrolytiques
BE755900A (fr) * 1969-09-18 1971-03-09 Solvay Paroi porte-electrodes pour cellule d'electrolyse

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3957618A (en) * 1973-08-22 1976-05-18 Ernst Spirig Water decomposition apparatus for producing detonating gas
US4039420A (en) * 1976-03-24 1977-08-02 Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation Halate cell top
US4075077A (en) * 1977-05-16 1978-02-21 Pennwalt Corporation Electrolytic cell
DE2753885A1 (de) * 1977-05-16 1978-11-23 Pennwalt Corp Elektrolytische zelle
US4194953A (en) * 1979-02-16 1980-03-25 Erco Industries Limited Process for producing chlorate and chlorate cell construction
US4326941A (en) * 1979-06-27 1982-04-27 Kemanord Ab Electrolytic cell
US4339312A (en) * 1980-09-10 1982-07-13 Pennwalt Corporation Continuous process for the direct conversion of potassium chloride to potassium chlorate by electrolysis
US4339324A (en) * 1980-12-03 1982-07-13 Henes Products Corp. Polycell gas generator
US4422919A (en) * 1981-09-26 1983-12-27 W. C. Heraeus Gmbh Electrolytic cell
DE3218259A1 (de) * 1982-05-14 1983-11-24 Henes Products Corp., 85018 Phoenix, Ariz. Mehrzelliger gasgenerator
US4657652A (en) * 1986-02-28 1987-04-14 Pennwalt Corporation Electrolytic cell and anode for brine electrolytes
US6805787B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2004-10-19 Severn Trent Services-Water Purification Solutions, Inc. Method and system for generating hypochlorite
FR2945295A1 (fr) * 2009-05-07 2010-11-12 Christian Durand Economiseur de carburant a hydrogene et reducteur de pollution pour moteur a explosion
US10106900B2 (en) * 2016-06-07 2018-10-23 Guangxi University Efficient electrolysis system for sodium chlorate production
US10145017B2 (en) 2016-06-07 2018-12-04 Guangxi University Efficient electrolysis system for sodium chlorate production

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE7608766L (sv) 1976-08-04
FR2192975A1 (sh) 1974-02-15
NL7308007A (sh) 1974-01-22
IT984913B (it) 1974-11-20
DE2336609A1 (de) 1974-01-31
JPS4953197A (sh) 1974-05-23
NL180685C (nl) 1987-04-01
CH565254A5 (sh) 1975-08-15
DE2336609C3 (de) 1981-11-12
JPS587713B2 (ja) 1983-02-10
NL180685B (nl) 1986-11-03
GB1423251A (en) 1976-02-04
SE430616B (sv) 1983-11-28
CA1021287A (en) 1977-11-22
SE398651B (sv) 1978-01-09
GB1423252A (en) 1976-02-04
DE2336609B2 (sh) 1981-01-15
FR2192975B1 (sh) 1977-02-11

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AS Assignment

Owner name: ATOCHEM NORTH AMERICA, INC., A PA CORP.

Free format text: MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME EFFECTIVE ON DECEMBER 31, 1989, IN PENNSYLVANIA;ASSIGNORS:ATOCHEM INC., ADE CORP. (MERGED INTO);M&T CHEMICALS INC., A DE CORP. (MERGED INTO);PENNWALT CORPORATION, A PA CORP. (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:005496/0003

Effective date: 19891231