US3823872A - Nozzle for use in hot liquid ejector pumps, and related process - Google Patents

Nozzle for use in hot liquid ejector pumps, and related process Download PDF

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US3823872A
US3823872A US00301171A US30117172A US3823872A US 3823872 A US3823872 A US 3823872A US 00301171 A US00301171 A US 00301171A US 30117172 A US30117172 A US 30117172A US 3823872 A US3823872 A US 3823872A
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nozzle
fluid
liquid
wall
converging
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O Frenzl
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/02—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT The efficiency of conventional hot-liquid nozzles of the type normally used to create the driving jet in ejector pumps is increased by eliminating; at least a part of the predominantly liquid boundary layer nor- 1 mally found on the inner surfaces of such nozzles.
  • the boundary layer can be eliminated by providing within the nozzle 21 gas layer in contact with the inner surfaces of the nozzleor by withdrawing from the nozzle liquid making up the boundary layer. This is accomplished by providing in the nozzle wall, means such as orifices, slits or porous sections which permit the transmission of a fluid such as a gas or liquid through A the wall.
  • gas can be injected through such means from a source external to the nozzle to form the gas layer within the nozzle, or boundary layer liquid present within the nozzle can be withdrawn from the noz-i zle.
  • the result of such procedures is to-displace, and- /or minimize the formation of the liquid boundary layer.
  • the gas can be injected through the nozzle walls at various locations along the length of the nozzle.
  • One technique for physically removing from the nozzle liquid making up the boundary layer is to provide a thin peripheral slit in the nozzle which'communicates with'a low pressure zone outside the nozzle.
  • the pressure differential causes at least some of the liquid forming the boundary layer to flow out of the nozzle through the slit.
  • PAIENTEU JUL 1 6 ran ME? 2 0F 3 F'IGB.
  • the present invention allows the nozzles to operate effectively in liquid ejector pumps'using moderate pressure feed liquid or to produce a drive jet of higher energy using thehigh. pressure liquid feeds normally employed in such nozzles.
  • the present invention relates to an improved nozzle of the converging-diverging type commonly used in ejector pumps in which the working fluid of the nozzle is a hotliquid under pressure. Normally, the hot liquid is water although other liquids can also be used. This invention further relates to an improvement in the process normally carried out in such nozzles which renders the process more efficient.
  • a hot-water ejector has an 'efficiency greater than that of a steam ejector when the driving nozzle is fed with hot water at high pressure (for instance of the order of about atmospheres) but that the efficiency of the ejector becomes very poor if the driving nozzle is fed with hot water at moderate pressure (for instance of the order of about 30 atmospheres or less).
  • elimination of the boundary layer is accomplished by introducing within the nozzle additional energy beyond that normally obtained in the operation of the nozzle so that the boundary layer is eliminated while simultaneously making an energy contribution to the nozzle. More specifically, elimination of this boundary layer can be accomplished in a variety of ways. For example, it has been found that if a gas is introduced into the nozzle interior in such-a way thatthe added gas is maintained in contact with the wall or innerjsurface of the nozzle, the liquid boundary-layercan be at least partially and in some cases substantially eliminated and the nozzles efficiency increased.
  • the added gas used is normally a material. identical to that flowing through the nozzle. Since cordingly, this aspectof the invention will be more specifically described hereinbelow in terms of steam as the gas, although it is to be understood that other gases can also be used;
  • the gas from an external source is injected, preferably in superheated state, though a porous section in the wall of the nozzle.
  • the gas injection creates a gaseous film or layer on the inner surface of the nozzle which can dislodge at least a portion of a pre-existing liquid boundary layer or minimize the formation of a boundary layer.
  • the injectedgas preferably comes from the boiler which supplies the driving liquid for the nozzle.
  • the gas in a substantially dry condition is injected through orifices in the nozzle wall downstream of an obstruction located either in the neck of the nozzle or upstream of the neck. It will be appreciated that in the above embodiments, the gas eliminates at least a portion of the boundary layer while simultaneously making an energy contribution to the nozzle.
  • the boundary layer can also be at least partly eliminated by means which do not rely upon the formation of a gas layer-within the nozzle. For example, it can be eliminated by physically withdrawing from the nozzle, through a channel in the nozzle wall, at least a portion of the liquid forming the boundary layer.
  • the diverging portion of the nozzle is provided with a thin peripheral slit which provides communication between the interior of the nozzle and a chamber maintained at a pressure lower than that in the nozzle. The pressure differential aids in drawing liquid from the inner surfaces of the nozzle through the slit into the low pressure chamber and out of the nozzle.
  • the invention is in no way limited by any scientific theories or hypotheses, one may attempt to explain the advantageous effects of the improvements defined above in the following manner. It may be thought that the low efficiency of the ejector pump is due essentially to the fact that the expansion of the hot water in the nozzle is insufficient to cause an abundant liberation of driving steam, particularly as a boiling delay phenomenon can take place in the nozzle. As almost all of the hot water thus remains liquid in the nozzle, it is probable that its acceleration by the small amount of driving steam is unsatisfactory and that its flow against the wall of the nozzle also produces relatively high friction losses which are believed to be associated with the pressure of the predominantly liquid boundary layer on the wall.
  • the wire is replaced by tubing through which a heating fluid is circulated.
  • Geiringer provides the nozzle with an; external jacket through which a heating fluid is circulated. What all of Geiringers embodiments have in common is that the nozzle walls are heated by heating means external to the nozzle. Geiringer does not contemplate supplying energy directly to the nozzle by directly injecting steam into the nozzle through the nozzle wall. Nor does Geiringer contemplate actually removing liquid from the nozzle interior through the nozzle wall.
  • the present invention is distinguishable in that the liquid boundary layer or friction layer in the nozzle is eliminated by an energy addition to the nozzle which is a direct addition in the sense thatthe source of the energy (steam, for example) is injected directly into the nozzle, as opposed to Geiringers indirect energy contribution wherein the energy addition is transmitted into the nozzle by heat transfer through the nozzle wall from an energy source (for example, the electrical resistance wire) outside the nozzle.
  • an energy addition for example, the electrical resistance wire
  • Applicants French Pat. No. 1,465,707 points out the advantages of maintaining a liquid film on the inner 1 wall of the mixing tube-diffuser section used to decelerate the mixture resulting when the driving jetemerging from a hot-water nozzle contacts a gas such as air.
  • the present invention is concerned with the elimination of a liquid layer and its replacement by a gas layer which creates less friction than the liquid layer, and with the presence of such layers at the surfaces of a hot-water nozzle andnot in a separate piece of equip ment downstream of the nozzle.
  • the objective of the present invention is to improve nozzle efficiency not the efficiency of the mixing tube-diffuser section.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial section through an improved hotwater nozzle of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is-a view similar to FIG. 1, showing another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a half section along the line 33 of FIG. 2.
  • the liquid boundary layer is eliminated by the injection of steam through a porous section in the nozzle wall downstreamof the neck of the nozzle.
  • the nozzle is formed of a conduit consisting of three parts, a first part 17 forming the converging cone 2a, the neck 3a and an upstream portion of short length 18 of the diverging cone 4a; a second part 19 forming the downstream zone 20 of said diverging cone; and a third porous intermediate part 21 which forms an intermediate zone 22 of the diverging portion and which is present between part 19 and part 17.
  • a conventional needle 5a is adapted along the XX'axis of the nozzle to adjust the flow rate through the nozzle.
  • the porous intermediate part 21 is provided on the outside with annular chambering 26 which forms within the tubularportion 23 a space which is connected to a source of steam by a conduit 27.
  • This source of steam is typically a steam boiler which also supplies the hot water under pressure 6a which feeds the nozzle, in accordance with an arrangement similar to that which'will be described hereinbelow with reference to FIG. 4.
  • the hot water under pressure accelerates and expands in the nozzle (which causes its partial vaporization, as already explained).
  • the pressure in the zone 22 of the diverging cone is less than the pressure in the boiler so that steam is drawn into zone 22 through the conduit 27, fills the space 26 and passes through the pores of the part 21 to form a layer or film of steam in contact with the portion 22 of the diverging cone.
  • the steam does not cool down substantially during this travel; it suffers a loss of head upon passage through the pores of the part 21 and arrives, expanded, in the diverging cone.
  • the steam which forms the layer is therefore in superheated state.
  • This layer of steam is present in the zone 22 of the diverging cone which large quantities of water have'a tendency to strike, This layer tends to move along the wall of the nozzle into the remaining portions of diverging cone 20.
  • the film of steam minimizes the tendency for the water striking the nozzle walls to form a liquid boundary layer in the diverging portions of the nozzle.
  • annular chamber 32 which is fed with steam through a conduit 33 and communicates with the inside of the nozzle via a plurality of orifices 34, each of which discharges radially into the cylindrical portion 30 of said nozzle just downstream of the ribs 31.
  • the orifices 34 discharge upstream of the neck of the nozzle in the wake of the obstruction formed by the ribs 31.
  • the hot water which feeds the nozzle, as indicated by the arrows 6b, is supplied by a boiler which is shown schematically at 35 in FIG. 4.
  • This boiler comprises a lower header 36, a tube nest 37 heated by the hot gases 38 of the boiler, and an upper header 40.
  • the lower header and the tube nest are filled with water which rises-up to the level N in the upper header. This level is maintained constant by a water feed 39 controlled by a conventional automatic feed device (not shown in the drawing);
  • the boiler produces saturated steam in a known manner; the .water and the steam which are at the'level, N in the header 40 are at the same pressure (the pressure of the boiler) and at the same temperature (saturation temperature).
  • the nozzle has its axis XX located at a height h below the level N, and it is fed with hot water through a conduit 41 which extends from the bottom'of the header 40.
  • the pressure of the water at the entrance to the nozzle is therefore equal to the pressure of the boiler plus h.
  • the conduit 33 which feeds the annular chamber 32 with steam extends from the top of the upper header 40 and is provided with a regulating valve 42.
  • the hot water which enters the nozzle in thedirection shown by the arrows 6b flows into the portion 28 of the converging cone and then passes through the channels 43 present betweenthe ribs 31 and discharges at the speed W into the annular space 44 located downstream of these ribs, between the needle 5b and the cylindrical portion 30 of the wall of the nozzle.
  • the value of this speed W depends on the value of the pressure of the steam arriving from the boiler in the orifices 34. If the valve 42 is wide open, this pressure is practically equal to that of the boiler so that the speed W is practically equal to V 2gb, 3 being the acceleration of gravity; the steam which passes through the orifices.
  • valve 42 it is possible by means of the valve 42 to control the proportion of water and steam flowing through the nozzle to form at the outlet of the nozzle the driving jet 7b (FIG. 4) which serves as the inductor jet for drawing a fluid at 45 and delivering it at 47.
  • FIG. 5 Illustrates anembodiment of the invention in which a steamlayer in contact with the nozzle surfaces is not relied upon for elimination of the liquid boundary layer.
  • parts having the same function as in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numbers provided with the suffix 0.
  • the diverging cone 4c is similar to cone 4a in FIG. 1 except that it has been shortened at its discharge end.
  • Cone 4c isenclosed in a generally cylindrical hollow jacket 51 which'is rigidly affixedto cone 4c through a plurality of spaced ribs 52 which extend radially from cone 4c.
  • the downstream ends of walls 53 of jacket 51 are provided with thickened portions 54 which are curved inwardly and in an upstream direction to form at the downstream end of jacket 51 a conduit 55 having a vides communication between the interior of said diverging cone and the hollow chamber 58 surrounding the conduit.
  • Chamber 58 is connected to a vacuum or other low pressure source by conduit 59 or other means to create in chamber 58 a pressure lower than that in the diverging portion of the nozzle.
  • This pressure differential causes boundary layer liquid on the inner surfaces of cone 40 to flow through the slit created by space 57 and into chamber 58 from which it is removed through conduit 59.
  • Space 57 must be kept sufficiently thin to prevent any substantial amount of the driving jet 70 produced in the nozzle from being diverted into chamber 58 in response to the pressure differential.
  • the liquid withdrawn in this manner forms at least a portion of. the liquid boundary layer in the nozzle.
  • the inner downstream surfaces of cone 4care tapered outwardly as at 60 while the adjoining upstream surfaces of con duit 55 aretapered inwardly as at 61.
  • the curved portions 54 of jacket 51 direct the liquid removed from cone 4c in a generally upstream direction throughthe channels between spaced ribs 52 to exit conduit 59. The physical removal of this liquid from the nozzle results in an increase of the average value of the velocity of the driving jet and hence an increase in nozzle efficiency.
  • stantial increase in output can'be obtained by an addition of gas at a rate of about 1 to percent that of the working liquid flowing through the nozzle.
  • the arrangement of FIG. 1 permits a high contribution of energy; the porous part 21 makes it possible to remove from the boiler an amount of steam equal to a few percent by weight of the hot water introduced into the nozzle; the layer of superheated steam injected against the wall 22 is thicker and its contribution to the increase of the thermodynamic efficiency may be higher.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 which permits the largest contribution of energy, the orifices 34 making it possible to inject an amount of steam which may, for instance, reach up to 15 percent the rate of the hot water introduced into the nozzle.
  • the orifices 34 makes it possible to inject an amount of steam which may, for instance, reach up to 15 percent the rate of the hot water introduced into the nozzle.
  • a nozzle of the type used in hot water ejector systems comprising a converging portion and a diverging portion interconnected by a neck portion and adapted to partially "evaporate and atomize a hot fluid fed to the converging portion of said nozzle under pressure and in the liquid state
  • improved means for eliminating at least a portion of the predominantly'liquid boundary layer ordinarily'formed on the inner surfaces of said nozzle comprising means formed in the wall of said nozzle which provide a conduit for the transmission of a fluid through said wall.
  • a nozzle of the type used in hot water ejector systems comprising a converging portion and a diverging portion" interconnected by a .neck portion and adapted to partially evaporate and atomize a hot fluid fed to the converging portion of said nozzle under pressure and in the liquid state
  • improved means for eliminating at least a portion of the predominantly liquid boundary layer ordinarily formed on the inner surfaces of said nozzle comprising means formed in the wall of the nozzle at a point other than the neck portion of the nozzle which provide a conduit for the transmission of a fluid through said wall.
  • a nozzle of the type used in hot water ejector systems comprising a converging portion and a diverging portion interconnected by aneck portion and adapted to partially evaporate and atomize a hot fluid fed to the converging portion of said nozzle under pressure and in the liquid state, improved means for elimithe wall of said nozzle and'into said nozzle.
  • a nozzle of the type used in hot water ejector I systems comprising a converging portion and a diverging portion interconnected by a neck portion and adapted to partially evaporate and atomize a hot fluid fed to the converging portion of said nozzle under pressure and in the liquid state, improved'means for eliminating at least a portion of the predominantly liquid boundary layer ordinarily .formed on the inner surfaces of said nozzle, comprising a thin peripheral slit in the nozzle wall for withdrawing at least a part of the liquid comprising the boundary layer from said nozzle through said slit.
  • said means formed in said nozzle wall comprises means for injecting a gas from an external source into said nozzle through the wall of said nozzle to provide in said nozzle a gas in contact with the wall of the nozzle.
  • a nozzle of the type used in hot water ejector systems comprising a converging portion and a diverging portion interconnected by a neck portion and adapted to partially evaporate and atomize a hot fluid fed to the converging portion of said nozzle under pressure and in the liquid state
  • the improvement comprising means for forming on the inner surface of said nozzle in contact with said liquid a layer of said fluid in its gaseous state, said layer being formed by gas injected into said nozzle from a gas source external to the nozzle.
  • a nozzle of the type used in hot water ejector adapted to vertically exaporate and atomize a hot fluid under pressure and in the liquid state introduced into said converging portion, the improvement which comprises a porous-section in said nozzle in contact with the interior of said nozzle, an enclosure surrounding said porous section and having a chamber therein communicating with said porous section, and means for supplying said fluid to said chamber, in its gaseous state, whereby said gaseous fluid permeates said porous section and creates on the inner surface of said porous section a layer of said gaseous fluid.
  • a converging portion comprising an upstream and downstream converging cone separated by an intermediate section, means disposed in said intermediate section for creating a flow obstacle to the stream flowing through the intermediate section, and means for injecting said fluid, in its gaseous state, through the walls of said cylindrical section downstream of said obstacle creating means.
  • said means for creating an obstacle comprises a plurality of ribs extending radially into said intermediate section from the wall of said intermediatesection, and wherein said means for injecting said fluid comprises a plurality of 10 tion and containing therein a hollow chamber, said chamber communicating with said slit, and means for creating in said chamber a pressure lower than that prevailing in said nozzle, whereby liquid on the inner surface of said nozzle is drawn out of said nozzle through said slit into said chamber.
  • said means form ing said slit comprises two separate axially aligned and cooperating portions forming said diverging portion of said nozzle, and means for maintaining said axially aligned portions in spaced relationship to form said slit between the adjoining edges of said portions.
  • a nozzle of the type used in hot water ejector systems comprising a converging portion and a diverging portion interconnected by a neck portion and adapted to partially evaporate and atomize a hot fluid under pressure and in the liquid state introduced into said converging portion, the improvement comprising means for providing on the inner surface of the nozzle,
  • a method which comprises introducing into the converging portion of a nozzle of the type used in hot water ejector systems comprising a converging portion and a diverging portion interconnected by a neck portion a hot fluid under pressure and in the liquid state and partially evaporating and atomizing said fluid in said nozzle, the improvement which comprises eliminating from the inner surfaces of the nozzle at least a portion of the predominantly liquid boundary layer normally associated with said surfaces by providing in the wall of said nozzle means for transmitting a fluid through said wall, and then passing a fluid through said means.
  • said means comprises orifices in the nozzle wall and wherein said fluid is a gas which is injected through said orifices into said nozzle from a gas source external to the nozzle.
  • said means comprises a porous section in the nozzle wall and wherein said fluid is a gas which is injected through said porous section into said nozzle from a gas source external to orifices in the wall of said intermediate section, said orifices communicating with manifold means from which said fluid, in its. gaseous state, is supplied to said orifices, said orifices being disposed to inject said fluid into the wake created by said ribs.
  • a nozzle of the type used in hot water-ejector systems comprising a converging portion and a diverging portion interconnected by a neck portion and adapted to partially evaporate and atomize a hot fluid under pressure and in the liquid state introduced into said converging portion, the improvement which comprises means forming a slit in the diverging portion of 7 said nozzle which provides communication between the interior and exterior of said diverging portion, a
  • a method which comprises introducing into the converging portion of a nozzle of the type used in hot water ejector systems comprising a converging portion and a diverging portion interconnected by a neck portion, a hot fluid under pressure and in the liquid state, and partially evaporating and atomizing said fluid in said nozzle, the improvement which comprises providing in the diverging portion of said nozzle a porous section and injecting said fluid in its gaseous state, through said porous section and into said nozzle to form on the inner surface of said nozzle a gaseous layer of said fluid.
  • a method which comprises introducing into the converging portion of a nozzle of the type used in hot water ejector systems comprising a converging portion and a diverging portion interconnected by a neck portion, a hot fluid under pressure and in liquid state, and partially evaporating and atomizing said fluid in said nozzle, the improvement which comprises providing a converging portion comprising two converging cones separated by an intermediate section, said section containing a plurality of ribs extending into said intermediate section and a plurality of orifices upstream of said ribs, and injecting into said intermediate section through said orifices said fluid, in its gaseous state, to form on the inner surface of said nozzle a layer of said gas.
  • a method which comprises introducing into the converging portion of a nozzle of the type used in hot water ejector systems comprising a converging portion and a diverging portion interconnected by a neck portion, a hot fluid under pressure and in liquid state, and partially evaporating andatomizing said fluid in said nozzle, the improvement which comprises providing a thin peripheral slit in the diverging portion of the nozzle and a hollow jacket surrounding said enclosure and creating in said hollow jacket a pressure less than that prevailing in the nozzle, whereby liquid present in said nozzle passes into said hollow jacket through said slit.

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  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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US00301171A 1971-11-19 1972-10-26 Nozzle for use in hot liquid ejector pumps, and related process Expired - Lifetime US3823872A (en)

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IT (1) IT975765B (it)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4510874A (en) * 1983-03-18 1985-04-16 Shell Oil Company Burner and process for the partial combustion of solid fuel
US4743407A (en) * 1986-11-21 1988-05-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Externally pressurized porous cylinder for multiple surface aerosol generation and method of generation
US5480485A (en) * 1991-08-29 1996-01-02 American Laundry Machinery, Inc. Apparatus for treating cellulosic fiber-containing fabric to improve durable press and shrinkage resistance
US6616418B1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-09 Cne Mobile Scrubber Systems, Llc Vapor evacuation device
US20040052709A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2004-03-18 Taylor Ernest L. Vapor evacuation device
US6786700B2 (en) * 2002-03-01 2004-09-07 Ernest Taylor Vapor evacuation device
WO2004113733A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-12-29 Dct Double-Cone Technology Ag Double cone for generation of a pressure difference
US6877960B1 (en) 2002-06-05 2005-04-12 Flodesign, Inc. Lobed convergent/divergent supersonic nozzle ejector system
US20080041428A1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2008-02-21 Cps Color Equipment Spa Con Unico Socio Device And Method To Prevent The Exsiccation Of Fluid Products In A Dispensing Machine For Said Products
US20110229649A1 (en) * 2010-03-22 2011-09-22 Baranovski Viatcheslav E Supersonic material flame spray method and apparatus
WO2012066392A1 (en) * 2010-11-20 2012-05-24 Fisonic Holding Limited Heat-generating jet injection
WO2013093589A1 (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-27 Fisonic Holding Limited Supersonic nozzle
US20160263595A1 (en) * 2015-03-13 2016-09-15 Hong Kun Shin Micro fogging device and method

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO1988002087A2 (fr) * 1986-09-08 1988-03-24 Michael Laumen Thermotechnik Generateur de vapeur en continu et recuperateur de vapeur
US4781537A (en) * 1987-03-11 1988-11-01 Helios Research Corp. Variable flow rate system for hydrokinetic amplifier
DE4037935A1 (de) * 1990-11-23 1992-05-27 Mannesmann Ag Strahlverdichter fuer gasfoermige medien

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB125723A (en) * 1918-04-18 1919-04-22 John Young Improvements in, or relating to, Liquid Hydrocarbon Burners of the Injection Type.
US2778616A (en) * 1954-01-28 1957-01-22 Steel Co Of Wales Ltd Means for atomizing liquids, particularly for lubricating sheet metal during rolling
US2855861A (en) * 1956-10-30 1958-10-14 Jet Heet Inc Pumps
US3567116A (en) * 1968-12-18 1971-03-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Atomizing method and apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB125723A (en) * 1918-04-18 1919-04-22 John Young Improvements in, or relating to, Liquid Hydrocarbon Burners of the Injection Type.
US2778616A (en) * 1954-01-28 1957-01-22 Steel Co Of Wales Ltd Means for atomizing liquids, particularly for lubricating sheet metal during rolling
US2855861A (en) * 1956-10-30 1958-10-14 Jet Heet Inc Pumps
US3567116A (en) * 1968-12-18 1971-03-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Atomizing method and apparatus

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4510874A (en) * 1983-03-18 1985-04-16 Shell Oil Company Burner and process for the partial combustion of solid fuel
US4743407A (en) * 1986-11-21 1988-05-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Externally pressurized porous cylinder for multiple surface aerosol generation and method of generation
US5480485A (en) * 1991-08-29 1996-01-02 American Laundry Machinery, Inc. Apparatus for treating cellulosic fiber-containing fabric to improve durable press and shrinkage resistance
US6616418B1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-09 Cne Mobile Scrubber Systems, Llc Vapor evacuation device
US20040052709A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2004-03-18 Taylor Ernest L. Vapor evacuation device
US6786700B2 (en) * 2002-03-01 2004-09-07 Ernest Taylor Vapor evacuation device
US6877960B1 (en) 2002-06-05 2005-04-12 Flodesign, Inc. Lobed convergent/divergent supersonic nozzle ejector system
US20060140780A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2006-06-29 John Stark Double cone for generation of a pressure difference
WO2004113733A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-12-29 Dct Double-Cone Technology Ag Double cone for generation of a pressure difference
US20080041428A1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2008-02-21 Cps Color Equipment Spa Con Unico Socio Device And Method To Prevent The Exsiccation Of Fluid Products In A Dispensing Machine For Said Products
US7942344B2 (en) * 2004-05-11 2011-05-17 Cps Color Equipment Spa Con Unico Socio Device and method to prevent the exsiccation of fluid products in a dispensing machine for said products
US20110229649A1 (en) * 2010-03-22 2011-09-22 Baranovski Viatcheslav E Supersonic material flame spray method and apparatus
WO2012066392A1 (en) * 2010-11-20 2012-05-24 Fisonic Holding Limited Heat-generating jet injection
RU2526550C2 (ru) * 2010-11-20 2014-08-27 Фисоник Холдинг Лимитед Теплогенерирующий струйный аппарат
WO2013093589A1 (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-27 Fisonic Holding Limited Supersonic nozzle
US20160263595A1 (en) * 2015-03-13 2016-09-15 Hong Kun Shin Micro fogging device and method
US10183302B2 (en) * 2015-03-13 2019-01-22 Hong Kun Shin Micro fogging device and method

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FR2161288A5 (it) 1973-07-06
IT975765B (it) 1974-08-10
DE2256590A1 (de) 1973-05-24
JPS4863308A (it) 1973-09-03

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