US3822675A - Boiler for heating non-boiling heat transfer liquids - Google Patents

Boiler for heating non-boiling heat transfer liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
US3822675A
US3822675A US00344564A US34456473A US3822675A US 3822675 A US3822675 A US 3822675A US 00344564 A US00344564 A US 00344564A US 34456473 A US34456473 A US 34456473A US 3822675 A US3822675 A US 3822675A
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Prior art keywords
boiler
wall
internal
pipe
boiler according
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00344564A
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English (en)
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N Rychen
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NORDALPINA ANSTALT
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NORDALPINA ANSTALT
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vertical boiler for heating non-boiling heat transfer liquids, particularly oils, with two tightly wound axially, or rotationally, symmetrical coiled or serpentine pipe side walls being concentrically disposed, one within the other, and at a distance with respect to each other, inside an axially symmetrical boiler housing.
  • the internal wall radially delimits the central furnace, and the external wall extends to the boiler bottom and radially delimits toward the outside a riser enclosing the internal wall and therewith also the portion of the boiler through which flue gas flows.
  • a feed line extends into the boiler through the upper end wall for an air-fuel mixture or for hot flue gas, and a coiled or serpentine pipe spiral constitutes the boiler bottom, which preferably drops downwardly toward the center.
  • the coiled pipe walls as well as the boiler housing are constructed so as to be cylindrical, the configuration of the coiled pipe walls and that of the boiler housing in the prior art construction is conical.
  • the internal coiled pipe wall terminates at a considerable distance from the boiler bottom, so that below this wall the initially downwardly flowing flue gases with turn around and be adapted to flow upwardly, in the space or chamber between the internal and the external walls in which a further coiled pipe arrangement is provided for, until they reach the stack of the boiler.
  • a burner and preferably an oil burner, is disposed on top of the preferably removable lid or cover of the boiler.
  • the present invention provides for a boiler of the type outlined hereinabove in which the thermal load or charge of the pipes in the various coiled pipe walls can be determined very precisely, whereby the danger of local overheating of the coiled pipes, and thus of a harmful action of the heat carrier flowing into the heating tube coils is reduced to a minimum.
  • the coiled pipe construction constitutes the supporting structural element of the boiler itself so that the boiler housing now serves merely for purposes of insulation.
  • the thermal load of the coiled pipes and the flow velocity of the heat carrier therein may be calculated very accurately so that maximal heating is achieved without the danger of overheating.
  • the gaps between the various serpentine pipe coils or turns in the lower region of the internal wall extend advantageously approximately over the lower 20 percent of the total height of the internal wall.
  • Another advantage of the construction proposed by the present invention is that, by reason of the precise dimensioning of the gaps, the pressure drop inside the boiler, and therewith the weight rate of flow of the flue gas may be accurately dimensioned.
  • the invention as is generally known per se delimits the space through which flue gas flows toward the outside by means of the external tightly-wound heating coil pipe wall, no uncooled surfaces practically will be present in the entire furnace, which increases the safety considerably. Since in the external wall standing upright on the boiler bottom with a helically-extending lowermost turn or coil, such as is preferred, a gap remains free between the bottom and the lowermost coil or turn, it is preferred in this construction that the external wall encloses or sur rounds the boiler bottom from the outside so that the lowermost coil does not extend over but next to the boiler bottom so that such a gap is eliminated.
  • the lowermost coil or turn of the internal wall extends preferably in a helical manner so that it will rest on the one hand along a spiral line against the boiler bottom, and on the other hand also against the next higher and helically-extending coil or turn of the tube or pipe constituting the wall.
  • the lowermost coil carries the entire wall. In principle, it may extend in a spiral manner also toward the outside, but it is preferred that the lowermost coil or turn of the internal wall reduces its radius toward the end thereof being farther removed from the wall.
  • the gaps between the lower coils are advantageously retained true to size or dimension in each case only with spacer means being welded to one of the two tube or pipe coils delimiting the gap. This assures a maximal yielding of the entire construction with regard to ther mal stresses, which in turn increases the service life and the carrying capacity of the boiler.
  • the spacer means advantageously have approximately the shape of short rods which thicken again toward the two ends thereof.
  • the pipes constituting the walls preferably have a circular cross-section in the usual manner.
  • the lowermost coil of the internal wall may terminate in the boiler bottom either centrally downwardly, or on the outside.
  • the latter arrangement is preferred since as a result an excessive exposure of the last end of the lower coil with respect to the flame is effectively prevented.
  • a third coiled pipe wall may be disposed between the two walls in the riser, which is preferably wound or coiled at a distance. This is known per se. But even further coiled pipe walls are possible. Moreover, additional fallers and risers may be disposed between the external wall and the internal wall. Preferred, however, is the construction as outlined at the beginning of this paragraph.
  • the coiled pipe walls are preferably radially held at a distance with respect to each other by means of axial rods, as is also known per se.
  • the axial rods according to the present invention are preferably not welded to the coiled pipe walls, but are simply inserted between the latter. As a result, the axial rods may be exchanged with a minimum amount of expenditure.
  • Another significant advantage of this construction is that no weakening of the coiled pipe walls is caused by welded joints with these spacer rods. This rod arrangement too is rendered possible only as a result of the strict separation between the radiating portion and the convection portion.
  • the welded joints between the various pipes constituting the coiled pipe walls are preferably so provided for that the welding seam projects neither outwardly nor inwardly. This facilitates not only the tight winding or coiling, but in addition thereto prevents inaccuracies in the flow of the heat carrier, and the formation of dead spaces which may, in turn, lead to harmful actions of the heat carrier.
  • the internal pipe wall is preferably connected at the top to the return connection of the boiler and at the bottom to the external wall which adjoins at the top the boiler flow or lead connection.
  • the arrangementjust described above has the advantage that the most thermally stressed internal wall is passed through by the relatively cool heat carrier which has already given off its heat.
  • the third wall is preferably disposed parallel to the external wall.
  • the inventive provision of the boiler with a selfsupporting heating coil system renders it possible as is indeed preferred that the uppermost coil of the internal wall carries the cover of the boiler. For this pur pose, this coil extends likewise advantageously in a spiral fashion. In contrast to the lowermost coil, the spiral extends in this case, however, advantageously outside of the second highest helically-extending coil.
  • the latter is preferably equipped with a circumferential collar which is immersed into a groove being upwardly open and filled with a pourable or plastic sealing material, and which groove is positioned in turn at a sheet metal sleeve surrounding or enclosing the external pipe wall.
  • the groove may be filled, for example, with sand or slag.
  • the introduction of the lowermost coil of the internal wall into the boiler bottom is effected advantageously in a direction such that the end of the spiral channel in the bottom is rinsed by the liquid.
  • This construction is to be preferred whenever the boiler bottom is formed by two embossed sheets or plates between which extends a spirally provided web which constitutes the spiral channel for the heat carrier. Since it is not possible to connect, without a considerable technical expenditure, the lowermost coil of the internal wall in a flowtechnically perfect manner'to such a spiral channel, the formation of dead spaces can be avoided on the basis of the inventive teaching.
  • the end of the pipe forming the lowermost coil is allowed to further project a short distance at least on one side into the boiler bottom, and that this end has a curvature such that the flow is initially directed into the corner otherwise forming a dead space. It is equally possible to simply weld on a corresponding reversing sheet or plate.
  • the lowermost coil of the external wall preferably extends in a helical manner and is supported, by means of supporting blocks being welded thereto, against the boiler bottom, or a flange surrounding the same.
  • These supporting blocks are preferably welded to the pipe forming the coil with considerably longer welding seams than to the boiler bottom or the flange. in case the welding seam breaks here due to thermal expansions, it will not break at the connecting point to the pipe thereby endangering the boiler.
  • the lowermost coil of the internal wall which carries the internal wall, is advantageously supported from the inside by means of a spirally-extending rod welded to the boiler bottom.
  • a rod extending all around shorter rod pieces also may be welded to the boiler bottom and will secure the lowermost coil by contact from the inside. in principle, such supporting rod pieces may be applied also on the outside.
  • This difficulty is circumvented, according to the present invention, in that the vertical sheet band spiral extending between the two sheets constituting the boiler bottom is butt-welded to one sheet, preferably the sheet facing the furnace, whereas the other edge thereof extends through a spiral slot of the other sheet and is welded with the latter from the outside.
  • FIG. I is an axial view through a boiler according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the boiler flow connection to the heating coil walls
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the arrangement of a spacer means or member in the gap between two heating coils of the internal wall at an enlarged scale as compared to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a spacer means or member at an enlarged scale as compared to FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the cover seal of the boiler at an enlarged scale as compared to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the type of welding of a spiral web band into the two sheets or plates constituting the boiler bottom at an enlarged scale as compared to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the welding of a supporting rod on to a supporting coil of a boiler wall
  • FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the two lowermost coils of the internal heating coil wall.
  • the boiler proposed by the present invention and illustrated in the accompanying drawings is equipped with a supporting bottom ring 1 from steel from which upwardly extend, for example, four vertical web sheets or plates 2. Welded to the upper edges of these web plates as is apparent from the drawings is a ring 3 having an angle section and whose vertical web carries the boiler bottom 4.
  • the boiler bottom 4 consists of two embossed sheets or plates 5 and 6 which are welded with the peripheral edges or rims thereof to the vertical web of the angle iron section 3.
  • a sheet band spiral 7 Disposed between the embossed plates 5 and 6 extending at a distance with respect to each other is a sheet band spiral 7 which forms in the boiler bottom, together with the two plates 5 and 6, a heating coil spiral passed through by the heat carrier.
  • the sheet or plate band spiral 7 is welded with the upper rim thereof to the plate 5, as is more clearly apparent from FIG. 6, whereas the lower rim of this plate band spiral 7 extends through a spiral slot in the lower plate 6 and is tightly welded from the outside with the two edges of this slot, as is equally apparent from FIG. 6.
  • the coiled pipe spiral formed by the boiler bottom is absolutely tight, and short-circuiting is not possible.
  • the internal coiled pipe wall 8 Seated upon the edge or rim of the boiler bottom is the internal coiled pipe wall 8. It is evident from the drawings that between the lowermost four, purely spirally extending coils of the coiled pipe wall 8 by winding the latter with interstices, gaps 9 have remained free through which the flue gases may enter from the furnace 10, being enclosed or surrounded by the coiled pipe wall 8, radially outwardly into the riser 11. In the zone or area above the lower four spiral windings of the wall 8, the latter is not so coiled or wound so that a radial issuance or discharge of flue gases and flame radiation toward the outside is not possible in this area.
  • pipe winding 13 is welded at 14 to a correspondingly provided intake connection 15 in the boiler bottom.
  • the intake connection 15 passes through the upper boiler bottom plate 5 with an oval opening. Its wall portion being disposed on top in FIG. 8 and behind the drawing plane in FIG. 1 projects as is visible in FIG. 1 into the outermost heating coil winding of the boiler bottom so that a downwardly-directed heat carrier flow in the coiled pipe wall 8 will initially be slightly reversed or deflected in the opposite direction so that it rinses the angles existing there at the beginning of the heating coil spiral in the boiler bottom.
  • short round steel rod pieces 16 are so welded to the boiler bottom at a distance with respect to each other that they will lie precisely flush along a line of contact against the coiled pipe winding 13. As a result, it is secured against a lateral displacement due to the influence of thermal expansions. It carries the entire weight of the internal coiled pipe wall 8. In order that the latter not be compressed due to its own weight and close the gaps 9, spacer means or members 17 are inserted into the gaps 9 whose preferred specific shape is apparent from FIGS. 3 and 4. The spacer members 17 are welded in each case only to one of the two windings 18 and 19 being held at a distance by them, or are simply inserted.
  • a further spirally-extending winding 21 which terminates in the connection 20.
  • the uppermost winding 21 extends in a manner such that, on the one hand, it rests on its entire length along one line against the upper winding of wall 8 extending along a helical line and, on the other hand, along a spiral line extending in a plane at the boiler cover 22.
  • the uppermost winding of the innermost wall 8 carries the cover 22 of the boiler, which is adapted to be lifted and lowered with the thermal expansions of this winding.
  • the cover 22 has an aperture 23 for the insertion of,
  • the cover 22 is surrounded by a downwardly open U-shaped, or T-shaped, or angle section rod 27 bent to form a ring.
  • the outer leg of the ring 27 thus formed is immersed into the interior of an upwardly open U-shaped section ring 29 which is secured in a suitable manner to the top of the boiler housing 24.
  • the arrangement is so made that within the thermal expansions to be expected, the outer leg of the U-shaped section ring 27 will not reach the bottom of the outer U-shaped section ring 29.
  • sand 31 for example, is placed in the outer U-shaped section ring 29.
  • the internal coiled pipe wall 8 constitutes a unit in a selfsupporting construction with the internal boiler bottom 4 which rests by way of the web plates 3 on or against the supporting ring 1. Nevertheless, a maximum movability of the windings of the internal wall 8 with re spect to each other is assured.
  • the heat carrier liquid which flows helically downwardly in the internal wall, flows helically upwardly.
  • a short pipe connection 33 projects upwardly and in turn passes over into the discharge connection 34 of the boiler.
  • the discharge connection preferably extends parallel to the return connection at the same height in FIG. 1, slightly ahead of the drawing plane.
  • the internal coiled pipe wall 8 and the external coiled pipe wall 32 there are disposed between the internal coiled pipe wall 8 and the external coiled pipe wall 32 at least one and preferably a further central coiled pipe wall 35 being passed through parallel to the external coiled pipe wall 32, and whose various windings extend on the entire height of this wall at a distance with respect to each other so that these pipes are circumcirculated particularly well by the flue gas stream.
  • spacer means or members of the type of the spacer members 17 between the pipes of this wall are likewise advantageously firmly welded to one of the two pipe windings being maintained at a distance by them.
  • the lowermost winding of the intermediate wall 35 also connects to the line 30.
  • the upper end of the wall 35 is also connected to the discharge connection 34, as is apparent from the drawing.
  • the internal wall 8 and the external walls are preferably constructed in a singlethreaded manner
  • the external wall 32, the central wall 35 and also the internal wall in larger boilers are preferably constructed in multiplethread.
  • the external wall 32 and the central wall 35 rest in a self-supporting manner on the horizontal flange of the angle section ring 3, as is evident particularly from FIG. I. Since also the lowermost winding of these two walls. in the embodiment shown rises upwardly in a helical fashion without a spiral supporting winding, round steel pieces 40, as shown in FIG. 7, are welded at a distance to the respectively lowermost winding 41.
  • the round steel pieces 40 are in this case preferably welded with two relatively long welding seams to the pipe winding 41, and only with a small short welding seam to the horizontal leg of the angle section ring 3. If damage arises here due to thermal expansion or other forces, it may result merely in a break of the welding seam between the round steel piece and the leg 3, but cannot produce a break of the welding seams be tween the round steel piece 40 and the pipe 41.
  • the round steel pieces 40 are placed so closely from within or from without or even from both sides against the corresponding pipe winding 41, in each case prior to the welding operation, that it will be perfectly carried. This means that already prior to welding, the round steel piece 40 should in each case rest along a line of contact against the horizontal leg of the angle section 3 and also against the pipe section 41 along a line of contact.
  • rods 45 from a difflculty oxidizable grade of steel are inserted between the internal pipe wall and the central pipe wall radially and at a distance with respect to each other.
  • These rods are preferably connected at the upper ends thereof as is appar ent from FIG. 1 with further spacer rods 46 by means of welding with the aid of a short web piece, and these spacer members 46 maintain the central wall 35 and the external wall 32 at a distance.
  • the external rods 46 have circular indentations with which they keep the various pipes of the central wall 35 at a distance from each other.
  • spacer members or the notches in the external spacer rods 46 can be used for this purpose. If spacer members are present, preferably round steel rods or other rods are inserted as spacer rods, having a section which will not tilt even during tension between the walls, i.e., for example a square profile, or an equilateral triangular profile, or a flat profile whose largest extension extends in the circumferential direction.
  • the spacer rods 45 and 46 When the spacer rods 45 and 46 must be exchanged, it is sufficient to separate the bridge connecting them at the upper end thereof. At that time, the rods 45 may be readily pulled out upwardly.
  • the rods 46 have a flat iron profile and at the narrow edge or rim thereof the circularly bent indentations must be so turned prior to being pulled out that the circular-shaped notches will be freed from the pipes of the wall 35. Then they too may be pulled out upwardly and replaced by other rods.
  • the heat capacity of these spacer rods 45 and 46 is so low that even in case of a breakdown of the circulating pump a harmful influence or action of the heat carrier inside the pipe coils by the heat being stored in the rods will be avoided with certainty.
  • the hot flue gas generated in the furnace or introduced into the latter from above flows initially downwardly in the furnace 10 where it heats the internal wall 8 and the boiler bottom by convection and radiation. Thereafter, the flue gas flows through the gaps 9 radially outwardly into the area between the wall 8 and the wall 32, where equally circumcirculating the central wall 35 it flows upwardly, so as to leave the boiler through the stack 50.
  • dead spaces at the beginning and end of the bottom spiral are avoided by corresponding deflecting arrangements; instead it also would be possible to provide there apertures in the wall to the next-following or preceding winding of the spiral. These apertures must be so small that the shortcircuiting effect caused thereby will affect only a small part of the flow.
  • a vertical boiler for heating non-boiling heattransfer liquids having two tightly wound axially symmetrically coiled pipe walls concentrically positioned at a distance with respect to each other inside an axially symmetrical housing, the external wall extending to the boiler bottom and radially delimiting the outside of a riser for the flue gas, said riser surrounding the internal wall, aperture means in the upper end of said housing for the introduction of heating means, and a coiled pipe spiral constituting the boiler bottom,
  • the improvement comprising an internal pipe wall which extends to the boiler bottom, at least said internal wall with the lowermost pipe winding being supported by the boiler bottom and said lowermost winding of the internal wall extending spirally in a manner such that it rests on the one hand along a spiral line against the boiler bottom and, on the other hand, also against the next-higher helicallyextending winding of the pipe constituting the wall, and gaps between the lower coils of said internal pipe wall forming a connection between the space enclosed by said internal wall and said riser.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 including spacer means for maintaining the gaps between the lower coils true to size.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 in which the lowermost winding of the internal wall terminates into the boiler bottom from above.
  • a boiler according to claim 5 in which the introduction of the lowermost winding of the internal wall into the boiler bottom is effected in a direction such that the end of a spiral channel in the bottom is rinsed by the liquid.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 in which the lowermost winding of the internal wall terminates into the boiler bottom at the outside.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 including a third coiled pipe wall in the riser, the coils of said wall being wound at a distance from each other.
  • a boiler according to claim 8 including means whereby the third wall is maintained parallel to the external wall.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 including axial rods maintaining the coiled pipe walls at a distance with respect to each other.
  • a boiler according to claim 10 in which the axial rods are connected with the pipe walls by frictional contact.
  • a boiler according to claim 10 in which the axial rods are connected with the pipe walls by formlocking contact.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 in which the internal pipe wall is connected at the top to a return connection of the boiler and at the bottom to the external wall, which latter connects to the boiler discharge connection at the top of said external wall.
  • a boiler according to claim 13 in which said cover is immersed with a circumferential collar into an upwardly .open groove filled with a sealing material, said groove being positioned at a sleeve surrounding the external pipe wall.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 in which the lowermost winding of the external wall extends helically and is supported by means of supporting blocks welded thereto on the boiler bottom.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 in which the boiler bottom consists of two plates between which extends a vertical metal band spiral which is butt-welded to one sheet whereas the other edge thereof projects through a spiral slot of the other sheet and is welded thereto from the outside.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
US00344564A 1972-03-28 1973-03-26 Boiler for heating non-boiling heat transfer liquids Expired - Lifetime US3822675A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19722215188 DE2215188C3 (de) 1972-03-28 Heizungskessel für nicht siedende Flüssigkeiten

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US3822675A true US3822675A (en) 1974-07-09

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US00344564A Expired - Lifetime US3822675A (en) 1972-03-28 1973-03-26 Boiler for heating non-boiling heat transfer liquids

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US (1) US3822675A (ru)
JP (1) JPS4947951A (ru)
BR (1) BR7302246D0 (ru)
ES (1) ES413095A1 (ru)
FR (1) FR2178035B1 (ru)
ZA (1) ZA732146B (ru)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1255085A3 (de) * 2001-05-04 2003-10-08 ALTO Deutschland GmbH Wärmetauscher mit mehreren Heizwicklungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Wärmetauschers
US20120060773A1 (en) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Jeremy Barendregt Dugout heating system
CN103206787A (zh) * 2012-12-13 2013-07-17 诸城市电力大众木器有限公司 环保型导热油循环加热器
CN103940087A (zh) * 2014-04-09 2014-07-23 西安交通大学 一种窄间隙扁圆形双盘管整体冷凝锅炉

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IE802479L (en) * 1980-11-28 1982-05-28 Helot And Co Ltd Water heating apparatus suitable for use as domestic central¹heating boiler

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1700961A (en) * 1929-02-05 Apparatus for heating fluids
US2160644A (en) * 1936-09-08 1939-05-30 Clarkson Alick Steam generating system
US2201620A (en) * 1933-11-13 1940-05-21 W D La Mont Inc High speed steam producing apparatus
US2645210A (en) * 1948-05-22 1953-07-14 Yuba Mfg Company Steam generator
US3051146A (en) * 1955-02-18 1962-08-28 Vapor Heating Corp Water tube boiler or steam generator

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2113416C2 (de) * 1971-03-19 1973-01-04 Fa. Alfred Kaercher, 7057 Winnenden Überhitzungs-Schutzvorrichtung für die Flüssigkeitsrohre eines Durchlauferhitzers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1700961A (en) * 1929-02-05 Apparatus for heating fluids
US2201620A (en) * 1933-11-13 1940-05-21 W D La Mont Inc High speed steam producing apparatus
US2160644A (en) * 1936-09-08 1939-05-30 Clarkson Alick Steam generating system
US2645210A (en) * 1948-05-22 1953-07-14 Yuba Mfg Company Steam generator
US3051146A (en) * 1955-02-18 1962-08-28 Vapor Heating Corp Water tube boiler or steam generator

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1255085A3 (de) * 2001-05-04 2003-10-08 ALTO Deutschland GmbH Wärmetauscher mit mehreren Heizwicklungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Wärmetauschers
US20120060773A1 (en) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Jeremy Barendregt Dugout heating system
US8826866B2 (en) * 2010-09-09 2014-09-09 Certek Heat Machine Inc. Dugout heating system
CN103206787A (zh) * 2012-12-13 2013-07-17 诸城市电力大众木器有限公司 环保型导热油循环加热器
CN103206787B (zh) * 2012-12-13 2015-04-29 诸城市电力大众木器有限公司 环保型导热油循环加热器
CN103940087A (zh) * 2014-04-09 2014-07-23 西安交通大学 一种窄间隙扁圆形双盘管整体冷凝锅炉

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ZA732146B (en) 1974-06-26
JPS4947951A (ru) 1974-05-09
BR7302246D0 (pt) 1974-06-27
DE2215188B2 (de) 1977-02-10
FR2178035A1 (ru) 1973-11-09
FR2178035B1 (ru) 1975-08-22
ES413095A1 (es) 1976-01-16
DE2215188A1 (de) 1973-10-18

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