US2160644A

US2160644A - Steam generating system

Info

Publication number: US2160644A
Application number: US99736A
Authority: US
Inventors: Clarkson Alick
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1936-09-08
Filing date: 1936-09-08
Publication date: 1939-05-30
Anticipated expiration: 1956-05-30

Description

May 30, 1939. A. cLARKsoN v S'iEAM GENERATING SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 8, 1936 lbif 021 212,;

ATTORNEYS 1 May 30, 1939.

A. CLARKSON STEAM GENERATING sisq'su Fil d Sept a; 1956 '2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

' ATTORNEYS Patented May 30, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 7 Claims.

This invention relates to a steam generating apparatus, usually of the automatic or semi-automatic type. This apparatus is of high efllciency in relation to its evaporative capacity, and

' is small in size, light in weight, easily controlled and capable of being manufactured from ordinary commercialboiler material. The invention contemplates a generating apparatus in which the water is evaporated 'while passing through a coil or coils and, one of the objects of the invention'is to so construct the apparatus'that the hot gases arefor'ced to pass through the apparatus in such manner as to heat the coils most efliciently with a minimum destructive effect upon the casing or other parts .ofthe furnace.

The principal object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement of the boiler coils, together with improved spacing and supporting means forthese coils so as to retain the coils substantially in the desired position while permitting certain necessary expansive and contractive movements.

Another object is toprovide a generator con.-

struction which permits a, maximum absorption" of both radiant and conduction heat in the water passing through the coil or coils.

A further object is to provide a steam generator having a generating coil or coils so constructed that the coil or coils may be considerably overheated without damage.

The generator according to the invention comprises a bank of connected pipe coils positioned one within another about a common central axis and the innermost coil enclosing a central heating space, the turns of adjacent coils being 01fset so that the turns of one coil are staggered with respect to the turns of adjacent coils, in which a plurality of separate spacers are positioned at intervals between adjacent turns of the coils, certain of the spacers being attached to both of the pair of turns and other spacers being attached to only one of the tums.'

One form of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a central vertical sectional view of the generator;

Fig. 2 is a detail plan vview of the outer generating coil;

view on line 33 of crating coil;

.ing apparatus herein disclosed and claimed.

type of combustion device. 10

The burner B, assuming that oil is to be used as a fuel, preferably comprises an oil atomizer 30 projecting through a boss 3| on the top of the air duct l3. At 32 is'shown'an ignition device for Knitugthe oil spray from the atomizer.- 15 The oil is admitted to the atomizer through a. port controlled .by a diaphragm valve which opens only when a certain minimum fluid pressure is supplied. At lower pressures the valve automatically closes. Arranged below the atomizer is a cylindrical structure or-fire-pot 33 having an inturned curved lip 34 at its upper end. Thestructure 33 provides a combustion chamber arranged to provide an air port 36 between it .and the combustion chamber and an air port 31 between it andthe flame ring. Above the combustion chamber is a cone 38' formed with air openings 39. Another ring 40 is arranged above 30 the upper edge of cone'38 and is preferably pro vided with an inturned'flange 4|. This specific form of burner is merely shown by way of example and it may be briefly stated that the air supply from duct l3 flows in between the several members in such manner as to provide a stabilized ignition zone within the

rings

38 and 40, and air currents are set upwithin fire-pot 33 so as to provide a substantially complete combustion, the hot products of combustion being discharged through flame ring it into the central heating chamber surrounded by the pipe The specific form of burner hereinabove described by way of example is disclosed and 5 claimed in a division of the present application, said divisional case being filed under date of June 21, 1937, Serial No. 149,466. It will be understood that other types of burner devices could be used with the improved steam generat- Preferably soot removers 42 are arranged between the inner and outer coils and are connected with a circular pipe 43 which receives steam, the soot removers consisting of tubular members perforated for ejection of steam between the turns of the generating coils. Steam is introduced into the circular pipe 43 at intervals or if and when the pipe coils become sufficiently sooted to require it.

The steam is generated in a bank of connected coils positioned symmetrically about a central vertical axis, the inner coils l5 and I6 being preferably of larger pipe diameter than the outer coils ll, l8, l9 and 20. This bank of coils, which for convenience will be designated as a whole by the letter K, is arranged between a body of refractory material 2| at the end of the generator opposite burner B, the lower end as the apparatus is shown. and a body of refractory material 22 at the upper end of the structure which is arranged against a baille plate 23 having a flared lip 23'.

Metal seating members

24 and 25 are preferably arranged respectively between the lower body of refractory material and the bank of coils, and between the bank of coils at the top and the refractory body 22 and lip 23'.

The axial lengths of thecoils diminish from the inner coil to the outer coil, giving the bank of coils a double frusto-conical configuration. The space in the generator in which the bank of coils K is located, that is, the space between the lower refractory material 2| and the upper refractory material 22 is of similar configuration so that a tapered passageway is provided for the furnace gases as they move from the inner coil to the outer coil and to the space 26 outside of the bank of coils, which space communicates with flue l2. As the gases cool and contract, they are brought into closer contact with the coils which increases the eiliciency of the apparatus, this efiiciency being further increased by having the outer coils of smaller pipe diameter than the inner coils.

The feed water is forced into the pipe coils through nipple 21 at the outer end of coil 20, and the steam and water mixture is discharged from the inner pipe coil l5 through a suitable connection not here shown.

Returning now to that portion of the generator which forms the particular subject matter of this invention, the inner and outer sets of coils are of similar construction, except for the difierence in the number of coils or helices and the difference in pipe size. The coils are not true helices but each consists of a plurality of circular loops or turns, each turn being substantialily horizontal throughout nearly 360 and connected with the next higher or lower turn by offsets 44. Outer coils l8 and H! are connected at one end of the bank of coils by the offset 440 (see Fig. 2). Coils l9 and 20 and also coils I1 and i8 are connected at the opposite end of the bank of coils by similar offsets. Inner coils l5 and I6 are connected in a similar manner at one end of the bank. Coils l6 and I! are joined by an outside connection. These end connections are so inclined that the turns of one coil are staggered with relation to the turns of an adjacent coil of the bank. That is, the loops or turns of coil l6 are positioned opposite the spaces between the turns of coil l5, and so on. This staggered relationship of the loops or turns of the several coils exists throughout substantially the entire 360 lengths of the turns. Therefore the hot gases are forced to follow a sinuous path between the staggered coils and the gases are forced into intimate contact with a maximum of the pipe surfaces thus effecting a maximum heat exchange between the gases and 'the fluids in the coils.

The coils are separated and supported by sinuous spacers 45 to which, however, the coils are not attached. There may be any suitable number of these spacers. The sinuous spacers are flexible, and they allow expansion and contraction of the coils while giving the coils the necessary support one on the other.

There are also a plurality of separate spacers 46 and 5| positioned at suitable intervals between adjacent or successive turns of the coils, certain of these spacers being attached to both of the pair of turns between which the spacer is interposed, and other spacers being attached to only one of these turns. In the example here shown, the spacers 46 (Fig. 6) are arranged between the coils at substantially diametrically opposed positions. These spacers 46 are welded or otherwise firmly secured to the

turns

41, 48 and 49, 50 between which they are disposed. The turns are thus rigidly tied together. at these points.

The spacers 5| (Fig. 7) are arranged between the turns at substantially diametrically opposed positions and at from the spacers 46. One of these spacers 51 is welded to one of the turns between which it is interposed, for example, pipe 41, but is not-attached to the other pipe 48 of the pair. Similarly, a secondspacer is welded to pipe 49 but not to the other adjacent pipe 50.

Each of the spacers 46 and 5| is provided with a laterally extending finger portion which engages the pipe turn of a laterally adjacent coil. For example, the spacer 46 between turns 41 and 48 (Fig. 6) has a finger 46' engaging the turn 49 positioned opposite the space between

turns

41 and 48.

It will be noted that the sinuous spacers 45 are used at suitable circumferential intervals between the respective sets of spacers 46 and 5|. The combination of the three sets of

spacers

45, 46 and 5| gives adequate support to the elements of the bank of coils K in which the steam is generated, as against distortion of permanent character, while permitting the movements of the coil elements (especially rotary movement around the central axis) under temperature changes.

I claim:

1. In combination with a substantially helical steam generating pipe coil, a plurality of spacers between the turns of the coil which are attached to both turns, and a plurality of spacers between said turns which are attached to one turn only.

2. In combination with a substantially helical steam generating pipe coil, pairs of diametrically arranged spacers between the turns of the coil which are attached-to both turns, and a plurality of diametrically arranged spacers at 90 from the first mentioned spacers which are attached to one turn only of the turns which they space.

3. In combination with a substantially helical steam generating pipe coil, pairs of diametrically arranged spacers between the turns of the coil which are attached to both turns, and a plurality of diametrically arranged spacers at 90 from the first mentioned spacers which are attached to one turn only of the turns which they space; and means for supporting the turns against movement in the direction of the axis of the coil while permitting circular movement of the coil.

4. A steam generator comprising a plurality of pipe coils centered about a common central axis, the turns of which are offset so that the turns of one coil are staggered with respect to the turns of adjacent coils, substantially diametrically arranged spacers positioned between each pair of adjacent turns of a coil and attached to both turns, and substantially diametrically arranged spacers positioned between these turns and arranged 90 from the first-mentioned spacers and attached to one of the turns but unattached to the other.

5. A steam generator comprising a plurality of pipe coils centered about a common central axis, the turns of which are offset so that the turns of one coil are staggered with respect to the turns of adjacent coils, substantially diametrically arranged spacers positioned between each pair of adjacent turns of a coil and attached to both turns, and substantially diametrically arranged spacers positioned between these turns and arranged 90 from the first-mentioned spacers and attached to one of the turns but unattached to the other, each of said spacers having a laterally projecting finger engaging the turn of an adjacent coil positioned opposite the space between the first mentioned pair of turns.

6. A steam generator comprising a plurality of pipe coils centered about a common central axis, the turns of which are oflset so that the turns of one coil are staggered with respect to the turns of adjacent coils, and a plurality of separate spacing blocks positioned at intervals between adjacent turns of a coil, each block between a pair of turns having a laterally projecting finger engaging the turn of an adjacent coil positioned opposite the space between the pair of turns, each spacing block being attached to one of the pair of turns.

7. A steam generator comprising a plurality of pipe coils centered about a common central axis, the turns of which are ofiset so that the turns of one coil are staggered with respect to the turns of adjacent coils, and a plurality of separate spacing blocks positioned at intervals between adjacent turns of a coil, each block between a pair of turns having a laterally projecting finger engaging the turn of an adjacent coil positioned opposite the space between the pair of turns,

certain of the blocks being attached to both of the pair of turns, and other blocks being attached to only one of these turns.

ALICK CLARKSON.