US3818733A - Piercing process - Google Patents

Piercing process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3818733A
US3818733A US00272614A US27261472A US3818733A US 3818733 A US3818733 A US 3818733A US 00272614 A US00272614 A US 00272614A US 27261472 A US27261472 A US 27261472A US 3818733 A US3818733 A US 3818733A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
billet
piercing
workpiece
lubricating material
glass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00272614A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Cauley
J Maykuth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PMAC Ltd C/O PM ACQUISITION Corp A OF TX LP
Babcock International Ltd
Original Assignee
Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Babcock and Wilcox Co filed Critical Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority to US00272614A priority Critical patent/US3818733A/en
Priority to CA172,952A priority patent/CA994713A/en
Priority to JP48074946A priority patent/JPS5116382B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3818733A publication Critical patent/US3818733A/en
Assigned to PMAC, LTD., C/O PM ACQUISITION CORPORATION, A LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF TX reassignment PMAC, LTD., C/O PM ACQUISITION CORPORATION, A LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF TX ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY, THE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B19/00—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work
    • B21B19/02—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially diagonally to the axis of the work, e.g. "cross" tube-rolling ; Diescher mills, Stiefel disc piercers or Stiefel rotary piercers
    • B21B19/04—Rolling basic material of solid, i.e. non-hollow, structure; Piercing, e.g. rotary piercing mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B25/00—Mandrels for metal tube rolling mills, e.g. mandrels of the types used in the methods covered by group B21B17/00; Accessories or auxiliary means therefor ; Construction of, or alloys for, mandrels or plugs
    • B21B25/04—Cooling or lubricating mandrels during operation

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An improvement in the piercing of difficult to pierce metal alloy billets where the billet is drilled throughout its axial length, a lubricating material such as glass inserted in the fore end of the bore of the billet, and the billet then heated to a working temperature. The hot billet is readily pierced with the lubricant facilitating in the piercing process.
  • the present invention relates to improvements in rotary piercing processes and the like and more particularly to the rotary piercing of hot billets of stainless steel alloys and other metals and metal alloys difficult to pierce, in the manufacture of seamless hollows or tubes.
  • All commercial rotary piercing processes have the common feature of the formation of a hollow by peripherally rolling a hot cylindrical billet over a conical mandrel by driven rolls set at an angle to the horizontal plane through the center line of the piercing mill.
  • the action' of the piercer rolls or cones consists of gripping the hot billet, advancing it by reason of the skew rolling action imparted by the feed angle of the roll axes, reducing the diameter of the billet, and then helically rolling the reduced billet over the conical mandrel between the driven rolls and offset guide rolls.
  • the deformation of the metal in rotary piercing involves peripheral skew rolling which is largely compressive in nature, a reduction in wall thickness, a bending action on the outermost and innermost surfaces of the hollow, an abrading action on the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow caused by differences in the relative surface speeds of the hollow, mandrel and the driven and guide rolls, and a twisting action caused by the differential peripheral speeds of the hollow and the rolls at various points in the pass.
  • a high degree of care must be exercised in such cases to provide the proper roll feed angle, suitable speeds of the piercer rolls, and a careful location of the piercing point to minimize internal marking of the pierced hollow.
  • the piercing point is made of a metal or metal alloy which has the desired qualities of toughness and wear resistance at high temperatures, and which does not spall or crack at the surface when the working layer is heated to a high temperature while the body remains at a much lower temperature, it has been found with billets of the character described, that the internal surface of the pierced hollow has been marked or fissured to an extent requiring a further conditioning operation to secure the desired inside finish before repiercing or drawing the pierced hollow. Efforts have heretofore been made to lubricate the piercing point to lengthen the working life of the point, and also to improve the internal surface condition of the hollow.
  • the present invention we have overcome the above difficulties of providing adequate and reliable lubrication during the piercing process. This is accomplished by drilling the billet throughout its length and inserting the lubricating material in the billet prior to heating the billet to its working temperature.
  • the lubricating material may be in any suitable form, however we have found it convenient to use rods or bars of sintered window glass and to fix the rods in the fore end of the bore by fiber glass. Since in the usual course of events the billets will be subjected to acertain amount of handling by cranes and the like the lubricating material must be securely placed in the bore of the billet to withstand such handling particularly before the billet is heated. Heating the billet to a working temperature will increase the integrity of the lubricant material in the bore due to a limited melting of the glass and adhesion to the metal of the billet.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a cone-type piercing mill, to which the operation of the invention is applicable;
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical section through the fore end portion of a billet with the lubricating material in position
  • FIG. 3 is an end view of the billet shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a section view of a billet with lubricating material positioned therein;
  • FIG. 5 is a section of a billet taken on line 5+5 of FIG. 4;
  • FIG.'6 is a perspective view of a glass rod prior to insertion in the billet.
  • While the present invention is also adapted for use in other commercial types of piercing mills, such as the Mannesmann or parallel axis barrel type roll piercing mill or the Stiefel or 180 disc mill, it has been illustrated as applied to a 60 cone roll piercing mill in which a solid billet 10 is rotated and advanced by a pair of angularly arranged diametrically opposite rolls l2 rotated in the directions indicated by the arrows in FIG. 1 to cause the rotating billet to flow over and about a conical piercing point 14 mounted on a bar 16. The piercing point is held against longitudinal movement but is free to rotate with the billet being pierced.
  • a solid billet 10 is rotated and advanced by a pair of angularly arranged diametrically opposite rolls l2 rotated in the directions indicated by the arrows in FIG. 1 to cause the rotating billet to flow over and about a conical piercing point 14 mounted on a bar 16.
  • the piercing point is held against longitudinal movement but
  • the workpiece or billet 10 will usually be cylindrical, and a typical size will be 5 to 8 inches in diameter and to inches long.
  • the billet will be center drilled along the longitudinal axis to a bore 18 diameter of about 1 inch.
  • the billet will then be counterbored on one end to form a conical opening 20 of about 2% inch base merging into the 1 inch bore. Extending the bore throughout the length of the billet will aid in maintaining reasonable concentricity of the pierced workpiece with a reasonable uniformity of pierced billet wall thickness.
  • the lubricant will be inserted in the bore 18 adjacent the conical end 20.
  • the lubricant advantageously will be a glass, such as window glass, which may be powdered, solid or fibrous.
  • window glass which may be powdered, solid or fibrous.
  • sintered glass particles formed as 10 inch long half round rods 22 with a A inch diameter are convenient for the purpose, see FIG. 6.
  • the rods of semi-circular cross-section are inserted in the bore 18 in end adjoining pairs and packed in glass fiber 24 to retain their positioned relationship in the bore of the billet.
  • the 20 inches of glass material, positioned adjacent the enlarged or conical end 20 of the billet 10 will provide sufficient lubrication for billet piercing without appreciably exceeding lubrication requirements. lt will be understood that excessive amounts of lubricant can lead to piercing difficulties where glass may deposit on the rollers 12 causing slippage and incomplete piercing operations.
  • the billet 10 With the lubricant positioned as described, the billet 10 will be positioned in the furnace for heating to proper working temperatures. In the usual billet heating furnace the billets are maintained in a horizontal position throughout the heating cycle and the softening of the glass lubricant such as the rods 22 and fiber 24 will tend to increase the positional stability of the glass in the bore 18. As the billets, at the desired temperature are moved from the furnace to the piercing rolls, the billet will normally be maintained in a generally horizontal position so that the glass lubricant will be retained at its proper location in the bore. Ordinary tilting of the hot billet 10 or jolting during billet transfer has not adversely influenced the positional stability of the glass lubricant therein.
  • the insertion of the conical piercing point 14 into the conical opening 20 of the hot billet 10 will contact a film of glass and will continue to be in lubricating contact with the glass as the billet is forced thereover in the piercing process.
  • the rods are initially formed from crushed window glass of 50 mesh size, placed in a mold and heated in a low temperature oven at 800 to 1,000F. The rod so produced will have a rough surface and will have sufficient strength for reasonable handling and placement in the billet.
  • the material will adhere to the surface of the billet bore 18 and will thus provide a reservoir of lubricant which will be distributed during the piercing operation.
  • the resultant pierced billet will have a clean smooth inner surface with a relatively low expenditure of piercing energy. Little, if any, surface conditioning of the pierced product will be necessary prior to the conversion of the pierced billet into a saleable tubular product.
  • the method of rotary piercing a hot metal workpiece of circular cross-section having a center bore extending axially through the length thereof which comprises, placing in the center opening of the workpiece a body of incombustible lubricating material having a relatively wide range of fusion temperatures below the workpiece hot working temperature, heating the workpiece material therein; rotating about a substantially horizontal axis and axially advancing the workpiece while at the predetermined hot working temperature by a skew rolling action relative to a conical piercing point with the point horizontally aligned with the center opening and the lubricating material generally symmetrically arranged in the center opening relative to the piercing point, and piercing the workpiece at such a rate the lubricating material contacting with the hot workpiece progressively fuses and forms an outer layer of fused lubricating material and a continuously thinning inner layer of relatively solid lubricating material only between the working surface of the piercing point and the portions of the workpiece contacting therewith
  • the lubricating material comprises sintered glass rods retained in the bore of the billet by fiber glass.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US00272614A 1972-07-17 1972-07-17 Piercing process Expired - Lifetime US3818733A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00272614A US3818733A (en) 1972-07-17 1972-07-17 Piercing process
CA172,952A CA994713A (en) 1972-07-17 1973-05-31 Piercing process
JP48074946A JPS5116382B2 (cs) 1972-07-17 1973-07-04

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00272614A US3818733A (en) 1972-07-17 1972-07-17 Piercing process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3818733A true US3818733A (en) 1974-06-25

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00272614A Expired - Lifetime US3818733A (en) 1972-07-17 1972-07-17 Piercing process

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3818733A (cs)
JP (1) JPS5116382B2 (cs)
CA (1) CA994713A (cs)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4129022A (en) * 1976-08-03 1978-12-12 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Piercing a solid billet
US4455849A (en) * 1980-04-21 1984-06-26 Nippon Steel Corporation Press-rolling process for producing a metal tubular product
US5816087A (en) * 1994-10-18 1998-10-06 Nkk Corporation Method for producing a seamless steel tubular product
US6073331A (en) * 1995-05-19 2000-06-13 Nkk Corporation Method for manufacturing seamless pipe
US6219914B1 (en) * 1998-09-28 2001-04-24 Mannesmann Ag Process for producing a cylinder with a bulge
RU2296019C1 (ru) * 2005-08-08 2007-03-27 ОАО "Челябинский трубопрокатный завод" Способ прошивки слитков и заготовок из сплавов на основе титана в гильзы в станах косой прокатки
US20090312110A1 (en) * 2006-07-07 2009-12-17 Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh Method for the production of a rotationally symmetrical part, and part produced according to said method
WO2011160109A1 (en) * 2010-06-18 2011-12-22 National Machine Company Axle sleeve manufacturing process
US20150107322A1 (en) * 2012-04-18 2015-04-23 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Round billet for seamless metal tube and method for producing seamless metal tube

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2630220A (en) * 1949-01-19 1953-03-03 Comptoir Ind Etirage Lubricating process with fibrous material in the hot extrusion of metals
US2791924A (en) * 1951-08-25 1957-05-14 Babcock & Wilcox Co Rotary piercing processes
US2956337A (en) * 1955-08-24 1960-10-18 Cefilac Method of boring metals
US3335589A (en) * 1964-10-29 1967-08-15 Cefilac Hot working of materials
DE2007250A1 (de) * 1969-02-20 1970-09-10 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo K.K.; Mitsubishi Jyukogyo K.K.; Tokio Regenerativer Wärmeaustauscher

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2630220A (en) * 1949-01-19 1953-03-03 Comptoir Ind Etirage Lubricating process with fibrous material in the hot extrusion of metals
US2791924A (en) * 1951-08-25 1957-05-14 Babcock & Wilcox Co Rotary piercing processes
US2956337A (en) * 1955-08-24 1960-10-18 Cefilac Method of boring metals
US3335589A (en) * 1964-10-29 1967-08-15 Cefilac Hot working of materials
DE2007250A1 (de) * 1969-02-20 1970-09-10 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo K.K.; Mitsubishi Jyukogyo K.K.; Tokio Regenerativer Wärmeaustauscher

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4129022A (en) * 1976-08-03 1978-12-12 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Piercing a solid billet
US4455849A (en) * 1980-04-21 1984-06-26 Nippon Steel Corporation Press-rolling process for producing a metal tubular product
US5816087A (en) * 1994-10-18 1998-10-06 Nkk Corporation Method for producing a seamless steel tubular product
US6073331A (en) * 1995-05-19 2000-06-13 Nkk Corporation Method for manufacturing seamless pipe
US6219914B1 (en) * 1998-09-28 2001-04-24 Mannesmann Ag Process for producing a cylinder with a bulge
RU2296019C1 (ru) * 2005-08-08 2007-03-27 ОАО "Челябинский трубопрокатный завод" Способ прошивки слитков и заготовок из сплавов на основе титана в гильзы в станах косой прокатки
US20090312110A1 (en) * 2006-07-07 2009-12-17 Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh Method for the production of a rotationally symmetrical part, and part produced according to said method
US8312750B2 (en) * 2006-07-07 2012-11-20 Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh Method for the production of a rotationally symmetrical part, and part produced according to said method
WO2011160109A1 (en) * 2010-06-18 2011-12-22 National Machine Company Axle sleeve manufacturing process
US20150107322A1 (en) * 2012-04-18 2015-04-23 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Round billet for seamless metal tube and method for producing seamless metal tube
US20180154410A1 (en) * 2012-04-18 2018-06-07 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Method for producing seamless metal tube
US10894278B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2021-01-19 Nippon Steel Corporation Method for producing seamless metal tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5116382B2 (cs) 1976-05-24
CA994713A (en) 1976-08-10
JPS4958059A (cs) 1974-06-05

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Owner name: PMAC, LTD., C/O PM ACQUISITION CORPORATION, A LIMI

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY, THE;REEL/FRAME:005475/0379

Effective date: 19900926