US3818084A

US3818084A - Method and apparatus for the construction of multi-storey buildings

Info

Publication number: US3818084A
Application number: US00235912A
Authority: US
Inventors: M Tamburini
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1971-04-03
Filing date: 1972-03-20
Publication date: 1974-06-18
Anticipated expiration: 1991-06-18
Also published as: ATA249472A; CA1002775A; AU470042B2; GB1349499A; FR2132031A1; DE2213924A1; AU4059372A; FR2132031B1; AT336842B; LU65095A1; NL7204407A; CH541685A

Abstract

A multi-storey building having a reinforced concrete frame is erected by the use of a crane which comprises a horizontal jib movable up and down between vertical masts. The jib extends beyond opposite sides of the masts and a trolley is arranged to run longitudinally of the jib to carry concrete and prefabricated floor slabs as required. The jib also supports the shuttering for the vertical walls and the shuttering has the full height of the walls for a storey. Elevator means are arranged to raise the jib, with the shuttering, as each storey is erected and the crane can also be elevated bodily between the formation of storeys and arranged to be supported by an already erected storey.

Description

ilaite Tamburini atent [191 .lune 18, 1974 [76] Inventor: Mario Tarnburini, 5 Via Grimaldi,

Bologna, Italy 140122 [22] Filed: Mar. 20, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 235,912

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Apr. 3, 1971 Italy 12620/71 Mar. I0, 1972 Italy 12528/72 511 1m. 0 ..E04g 21/14,EO4g 11/00 [58] Field of Search 52/741, 747, 745; 212/57, 212/64; 254/106, I05; 425/63; 249/20, 13, 1 18, 33; 264/33, 34

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,434,708 l/l948 Mathis 249/33 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS I 779,781 3/1968 Canada 212/64 9/1946 France 52/747 1/1953 Germany 425/63 Primary Examinerl'lenry C. Sutherland Assistant Examiner-James L. Ridgill, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or FirmLarson, Taylor and Hinds 7] ABSTRACT A multi-storey building having a reinforced concrete frame is erected by the use of a crane which comprises a horizontal jib movable up and down between vertical masts. The jib extends beyond opposite sides of the masts and a trolley is arranged to run longitudinally of the jib to carry concrete and prefabricatedfloor slabs as required. The jib also supports the shuttering for the vertical walls and the shuttering has the full height of the walls for a storey. Elevator means are arranged to raise the jib, with the shuttering, as each storey is erected and the crane can also be elevated bodily between the formation of storeys and arranged to be supported by an already erected storey.

9 Claims, 25 Drawing Figures imam PAIENTEnJun 1 a ma SHEET 2 BF METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a method of and an appara- 5 tus for the production of rnulti-storey buildings with reinforced concrete frames.

The problem underlying the invention consists in simplifying and accelerating the production of buildings of this kind and providing the pre-requisites for the greatest possible mechanisation of the method with at the same time a relative reduction of expense for the machine equipment required.

According to the invention a method of building a multi-storey building having a reinforced concrete frame includes the steps of forming the vertical frame parts storey by storey using re-usable shuttering having the full height of the vertical frame parts of a storey, retaining the shuttering in a suspended condition during formation of the vertical frame parts, raising the shuttering following formation of the vertical frame parts for one storey, inserting pre-fabricated floor slabs horizontally between the raised shuttering and the tops of the vertical frame parts and resting the slabs on the tops of the vertical frame parts of said one storey to form a floor, and lowering the shuttering on to the floor preparatory to the formation of the vertical frame parts of the next higher storey. The raising and lowering of the suspended shuttering and the laying of the prefabricated floor slabs are preferably effected according to the invention with the aid of a crane erected in a well formed by internal vertical frame parts not covered by floor slabs. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the crane is located in the well and initially stands on the ground or on foundations for the building and following the formation of one or more storey portions of the frame is raised stepwise by at least one storey at a time and is then supported by previously erected projecting frame parts and/or by edge portions of the previously laid floor slabs.

The frame-parts erected storey by storey may consist of posts and/or wall parts with an angular cross-section and/or of complete walls, particularly of wall groups joined together in a U-shaped or L-shaped crosssection.

The invention also comprehends apparatus for use in building a rnulti-storey building having a reinforced concrete frame, said apparatus comprising a crane including a horizontal jib which extends beyond opposite sides of a crane frame and isslidable up and down the crane frame, a jib-elevating device operable to effect said up and down movements of the jib, suspension means carried by the jib and arranged to support reusable shuttering having the full height of vertical frame parts of :1 storey in a suspended condition during formation of the vertical frame parts, and at least one trolley carried by the jib and movable longitudinally of the jib to facilitate pouring of concrete into the shuttering and while the shuttering is raised following the formation of the vertical frame parts forone storey to facilitate the insertion of prefabricated floor slabs horizontally between the raised shuttering and the tops of the vertical frame parts and resting of the slabs on the tops of the vertical frame parts of said one storey to form a floor on to which the shuttering can be lowered preparatory to the formation of the vertical frame parts of the next higher storey.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGS. I to 7 illustrate, in perspective, some successive steps in the method according to the invention for the production of multi-storey buildings, together with the corresponding apparatus,

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic horizontal cross-section through a crane shown in FIGS. II to 7,

FIGS. 9 to 11 illustrate three successive movement steps of a device shown in FIG. 8 for lifting the crane, the figures showing in vertical section the course of an upward movement of the crane head in relation to the crane frame,

FIG. 12 shows the lifting device for the building crane shown in FIGS. 8 to I 1, when adjusted as an elevating device for raising the crane frame with the crane head supported by parts of a building previously erected,

FIGS. 13 to 14 are plan views illustrating two possible ways of erecting the crane,

FIG. 15 illustrates, in perspective, a shuttering associated with the crane shown in FIGS. 13 and 14,

FIGS. 16 and 17 are plan views of means for suspending the shuttering on a building frame, for the purpose of concreting (FIG. 16) and for the purpose of removing the shuttering (FIG. 17),

FIG. 18 is an elevation of means for suspending the shuttering on a building frame,

FIG. 19 is an elevation of a device for fastening outer shuttering boards on an associated floor edge,

FIGS. 20. to 22 are elevations illustrating three successive movement steps of the crane elevating device,

FIG. 23 illustrates, in perspective, the mounting of a crane to run on rails,

FIG. 24 shows the connection of the rails to the crane frame for elevating purposes, and

FIG. 25 is a ground plan of some examples of construction of vertical reinforced concrete frame parts which can be produced by the method according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the description to follow, the concrete pouring form or forms will also be referred to as shuttering and the walls thus formed by the concrete will also be referred to as frame parts. I

For the production of multi-storey buildings with reinforced concrete frames use is made of a crane l the frame of which consists of two juxtaposed masts 2 i which are spaced apart from one another and are fastened together. A crane head 3 is arranged to slide up and down between the masts 2 and carries a horizontal jib 4 which projects from opposite sides of the masts. The masts 2, the crane head 3, and the jib 4 are of latticework construction, as can be seen particularly from FIGS. 8 to 12 and 20 to 22. In the other Figures the

crane parts

2, 3, and 4 are shown only by their contour lines for the sake of simplicity.

Between the two masts 2 and the vertically adjustable crane head 3 there is inserted an elevating device, which is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 8 to 12. The elevating device consists of a vertical hydraulic power cylinder 5, which is fastened by its upper end to a crossbeam 6 which is fastened on the crane head 3. The lower end of the cylinder 5 is fastened to a cross-beam 7 which is guided to slide up and down in the crane head 3. At each of its two ends, the top cross-beam 6 is provided with a bearing catch 8 arranged to pivot in a downward direction and to be secured in a horizontal operative position, and also an upwardly pivotable supporting catch 9 arranged to be secured in a horizontal operative position. A bearing catch 10 similar to the catch 8 and a driving catch 11 corresponding to the supporting catch 9 are provided on each of the ends of the bottom cross-beam 7. The bearing, supporting and driving catches 8, 9, 10 and 11 co-operate with supporting bars 12 which are fastened on the masts 2 and project towards the crane head 3.

For the purpose of raising the crane head 3 in relation to the masts 2 standing on the ground or on previously erected parts of a building, the supporting and driving

catches

9, 11 are disconnected, that is to say they are pivoted into a vertical inoperative position of rest, which is shown in FIGS. 9 to 11. The crane head 3 then rests with the bearing catches 10 of the bottom cross-beam 7 on a pair of supporting bars 12 on the masts 2 and with the hydraulic power cylinder 5 can be raised and lowered, in relation to the masts 2, by a distance corresponding to the height of the stroke of the piston, not shown, of the cylinder. The bearing catches 8 of the upper cross-beam 6 are in this case preferably held in a vertical inoperative position of rest, which is shown in FIG. 12, so that when they run past any supporting bars 12 situated in their path they do not come into engagement with them. For the purpose of raising the crane head 3 a greater distance than the height of the stroke of the power cylinder 5, the bearing catches 8 of the upper cross-beams 6 are pivoted into their horizontal operative position (FIG. 9) and the crane head 3 is raised by the hydraulic power cylinder 5 until the bearing catches 8 engage over the next following or the highest possible pair of supporting bars 12 on the masts 2. On running over the supporting bars 12 the bearing catches 8 yield automatically, that is to say they are temporarily pivoted in the downward direction and then take up position from above on the pair of supporting bars 12 over which they have run, as illustrated particularly in FIG. 10. The crane head 3 is now supported by the masts 2 with the aid of the bearing catches 8 on the top cross-beam 6. In this position the bottom cross-beam 7 is pulled up in relation to the supported crane head 3, through the retracting action of the hydraulic power cylinder 5, until its bearing catches 10 engage over the next following or highest possible pair of supporting bars 12 on the masts 2 and are supported thereon (FIG. 11). On running over the supporting bars 12 the bearing catches 10 of the bottom cross-beam 7 yield automatically by temporarily pivoting in the downward direction. The crane head 3 can be similarly lowered step by step, in which case however in order to run over the supporting bars 12 on the masts 2, the bearing catches 8 and 10 must be temporarily pivoted, either by means of a control device, not illustrated, or by manual adjustment, into their vertical inoperative position of rest, which is shown in FIG. 12.

The above described elevating device for the crane 1 may be replaced by any power device of different construction which moves the crane head up and down, to the extent of the desired adjustment, in relation to the crane frame formed by the masts 2.

A trolley 13, FIG. 2, is arranged longitudinally to tra verse the crane jib 4, between the two masts 2. The crane head 3 has an upper, roughly V-shaped aperture 14 for the passage of the trolley 13, as illustrated partic- 5 ularly in FIGS. 2 and 23. Consequently, the trolley 13 can travel over the entire length of the jib 4. On both sides of the jib 4 horizontal carrier arms 15 project laterally from the jib and are provided for the suspension of shuttering.

The use of the crane 1 for the construction of a multi storey building with reinforced concrete frames will now be described, in which the building frame consists of two parallel longitudinal walls 17, which bound a well 16, FIG. 25, and of a plurality of

transverse walls

18, 118 starting from the other side of each longitudi nal wall 17 and directed at right angles to the latter, as can be seen particularly in FIGS. 3 to 7 and 13. Each longitudinal wall 17 and the

transverse walls

18, 118 extending from them are concreted as continuous elements and form not only the frame, that is to say the supporting parts of the building, but also at least a part of the room dividing walls of the building. For the sake of simplicity it is assumed that four

transverse walls

18, 1 18 extend from each longitudinal wall 17, FIG. 13, the two outer transverse walls 1 18 forming the corresponding outer walls of the building, as can be seen particularly from FIG. 13. In FIGS. 1 to 7 on the other hand only the middle part of the building frame with inner transverse walls 18 and the corresponding middle portion of the longitudinal walls 17 are illustrated.

Together with the respective longitudinal walls 17 the

transverse walls

18, 118 on each side of the pair of longitudinal walls 17 17 bound a plurality of U- shaped rooms which are open to the outside of the building. The U-shaped rooms on the opposite sides of the pair of longitudinal walls 17 17 lie approximately opposite one another. while however the respective op positely situated

transverse walls

18, 118 need not be exactly in line with one another but may also be offset in relation to one another. as illustrated in FIG. 13 for the two inner transverse walls 18. The

transverse walls

18, 118 lying opposite one another on opposite sides of the pair of longitudinal walls 17 17 are preferably of approximately the same length, that is to say the well 16 bounded by the longitudinal walls 17 lies approximately in the middle of the building.

For the purpose of constructing the reinforced concrete frame formed by the longitudinal walls 17 and the

transverse walls

18, 118, the crane 1 may be erected in various ways. In the example illustrated in FIG. 13 a plurality of cranes 1 are erected side by side in the re gion of the middle well 16, namely a crane l roughly in the middle between two successive

transverse walls

18, 118 to be constructed. The jibs 4, indicated in broken lines in FIG. 13, of these building cranes 1 extend transversely to the longitudinal walls 17, that is to say parallel to the

transverse walls

18, 118 and on both sides extend beyond the respective outer boundaries of the building to be erected. The masts 2 of the cranes 1 originally rest on the ground or on prepared foundations 19 (FIGS. 1 to 6).

The longitudinal and transverse wails 17, 18, 118 are in each case concreted storey by storey with the aid of re-useable steel shuttering which extends over the full height of the storey and which is suspended on the laterally projecting carrier arms 15 on the crane jibs 4, the shuttering being shown separately in FIG. 15. On the jib 4 of the middle crane 1, which can be seen also in FIGS. 1 to 7, there is suspended on each side of the crane frame 2 2 U-shaped shuttering which consists of two inner shuttering panels 20 for the inner transverse wall 18 and two shuttering wings pivotally articulated to the shuttering panels 21). The shuttering wings 21 are detachably connected together by a locking device 22 and together form the outer shuttering panel 21 21 for the middle portion of a longitudinal wall 17 (FIGS. 13 and 15).

On each of the jibs 4 of the two outermost cranes 1,

FIG. 13, there is suspended, on each side of the respective crane frames 2 2, U-shaped shuttering which consists of the outer shuttering panel 23 of an inner transverse wall 18 and of the inner shuttering panel 24 of an outer transverse wall 118, as well as of two shuttering wings 25 pivotally articulated to the shuttering

panels

23, 24. The shuttering panels 25 are detachably connected together by a locking device 22 and together form the outer shuttering panel 25 25 for a side por tion of the appertaining longitudinal wall 17. On the jib 4 of the two outer cranes 1 there is also suspended an outer shuttering panel 26 for the respective outer transverse wall 118. The inner shuttering panels for the longitudinal walls 17 are likewise suspended on the jibs 4 of the three cranes 1. The shuttering panels 27 may be in each case in the form of a continuous one-piece shuttering panel, or may consist of a plurality of panel portions detachably joined together and allocated to the respective crane 1, that is to say corresponding in each case to a pair of outer shuttering wings 21 21 and 25 25 respectively.

The shuttering 21) 27 is suspended on the carrier arms of the crane jibs 4 with the aid of carrier ropes 28, FIG. 3, which are detachably connected to the appertaining shuttering panels. Hydraulic power cylinders articulated to the jib'4 of the respective crane 1 act on the carrier ropes 28 of the inner and

outer shuttering panels

20, 23 of the inner transverse walls 18, and also on the carrier ropes of the inner shuttering panels of the outer transverse walls 118, as shown particularly in FIGS. 16 to 18. These power cylinders 29 are spatially inclined in such a manner that, viewed in ground plan, they extend roughly parallel to the bisector of the angle between the appertaining shuttering panel or 23, 24 and the respective shuttering wing 21 or articulated thereto, as can be seen in FIGS. 16 and 17. In elevation on the other hand the power cylinders 29 are inclined obliquely in the upward direction starting from the point at which they act on the carrier rope 28 of the

respective shuttering panels

20 or 23, 24, as can be seen particularly in FIG. 18.

The carrier ropes 28 of the outer shuttering panels 26 of the outer transverse walls 118 are fastened on the carrier arms 15 of the respective crane jibs 4 so that they will not extend exactly perpendicularly over the prescribed concreting position of the shuttering panels 26, but will be slightly offset towards the outside, as can be seen particularly in FIG. 18. At their bottom end the shuttering panels 26 are provided with hook-shaped anchoring elements 30, which are directed inwards and upwards,- each of them being fastened upon a spindle nut 31 guided for vertical sliding movement in the shuttering panel 26 as illustrated particularly in FIG. 19. Each spindle nut 31 is moved with the aid of .an associated vertical threaded spindle 32, which is adapted to be operated by a handwheel 33 provided at the top on the shuttering panel 26. The hook-shaped anchoring element 30 co-operates with a holding hook 34 which is directed outwards and downwards and fastened on a horizontal edge beam provided on the foundation 19 or on the individual floor slabs 36.

- For the purpose of constructing the reinforced concrete frame the shuttering 20 27 suspended on the jibs 4 of the cranes 1 is first laid in the upright position on the foundation 19 by lowering the crane heads 3 (FIG. 1). The power cylinders 29 are extended for this purpose to such an extent that the carrier ropes 28 of the shuttering

panels

20, 23, 24 extend entirely perpendicularly and the shuttering

panels

20, 23, 24 and also the shuttering

wings

21, 25 articulated to them are lowered exactly into their prescribed concreting position, as illustrated in FIG. 16 and in solid lines in FIG. 18. The outer shuttering panels 26 of the outer transverse walls 118 are lowered in a position slightly offset in the outward direction in relation to their predetermined concreting position, and at the end of their lowering movement are suspended in the holding hooks 34 by means of their hook-shaped anchoring elements 30, by swivelling their bottom end in the inward direction. The shuttering panels 26 are then adjusted to be exactly vertical and, by raising the spindle nut 31 with the aid of the threaded spindle 32 and the hand wheel 33, are tensioned. The

pivotable shuttering wings

21 and 25 are closed, that is to say they are aligned in pairs in relation to one another, and joined by the locking device 22, as illustrated in solid lines in FIG. 13. Theshuttering panels lying opposite one another in each case are joined together at their top ends with the aid of ties or spacers (not shown) which are known per se.

The carrier ropes 28 are then detached from the shuttering 20 27 and the crane heads 3 of the cranes 1 are raised in relation to the master frames to such an extent that the concreting, that is to say the pouring of concrete into the shuttering 20 27 erected on the foundation 19, can be effected with the aid of the trolleys 13 and of concrete buckets 37 suspended on the latter, as illustrated particularly in FIG. 2. The raised concrete bucket can pass unhindered through the top passage aperture 14 in the crane head 3, so that with the same trolley 13 it is possible to serve all the shuttering allocated to a crane 1 over the entire length of the crane jib 4. Before concreting, the necessary reinforcement and cables or pipes for connections for lighting, water, and heating installations, and also filler blocks to form any door or window openings or the like required, or prefabricated frames for such door and window openings or the like, are inserted into the shuttering. The inner surfaces of the shuttering 20 27, that is to say the surfaces facing the respective longitudinal or

transverse wall

17 or 18, l 18, are as smooth as possible, or are even made mirror-smooth, so that the surfaces of the walls formed require only slight finishing or none at all. Moreover, the shuttering panels 20 27 may be constructed in a manner known per se as shuttering walls adapted to be steam heated, in order to reduce the setting time of the concrete.

After the setting of the concrete the shuttering is removed from the longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118 forming the portion of the frame for the first storey. For this purpose the crane heads 3 are first lowered and the shuttering 20 27 connected to the carrier ropes 28. The shuttering

wings

21, 25 are then opened, that is to say detached from one another in the region of the locking devices 22 and pivoted in the direction of the

appertaining shuttering panels

20, or 23, 24, as illustrated particularly in dot-and-dash lines in FIG. 13. At the same time the power cylinders 29 are retracted, whereby the shuttering

panels

20, 23, 24 and the shuttering

wings

21 or 25 articulated on them are moved away laterally from the respective longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118 at an angle of about 45 and also slightly raised obliquely upwards, in accordance with the previously described spatial inclination of these power cylinders 29 as illustrated in FIG. 17 and, in broken lines, in FIG. 18. The outer fastening of each outer shuttering panel 26 of the outer transverse walls 118 is released by lowering the spindle nut 31 (FIG. 19) with the aid of the threaded spindle 32 and of the handwheel 33. The hook-shaped fastening element 30 is detached from the retaining hook 34 and the shuttering panel 26 is moved laterally away from the transverse wall 118 as can be seen particularly in FIG. 17. The crane heads 3 of the three cranes 1 are then raised simultaneously or in succession together with the shuttering suspended from them, to such an extent that all the shuttering panels 20 27 are raised until their bottom ends hang above the longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118 which have been constructed, as illustrated particularly in FIG. 3. An intermediate position of the shuttering during raising is shown in dotand-dash lines inFIG. 18.

In this raised, hanging position of the shuttering 20 27 the floor of the first storey is laid. This floor consists of prefabricated floor slabs 36, which are raised from the building ground with the aid of the trolleys 13 of the individual cranes (see position shown in dot-and-dash lines in FIG. 4) and then inserted in the horizontal direction as shown by the arrow F1 in FIG. 4 under the suspended shuttering 20 27, and finally laid on the previously constructed longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18 or 118 of the first storey (see position shown in solid line in FIG. 4). During the laying of the floor slabs 36 on one side of the middle pair of longitudinal walls 17 the opposite end of the crane jib 4 is connected by a pull-rope 39 to a counterweight 38 or to an anchoring point on the ground. The floor slabs 36 are so dimensioned or so laid that, although they are supported on the middle longitudinal wall 17, they nevertheless leave free the well 16 lying between side walls, or project only slightly into this well, as can be seen particularly from FIGS. to 7 and 20 to 22. Cables, pipes and connections for lighting, water, and heating installations or the like may also be incorporated in the floor slabs 36.

After the floor has been laid in the first storey, the construction of the portion of the frame for the second storey, consisting of the same longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118, can be commenced immediately. For this purpose the shuttering 20 27 is lowered onto the laid floor by the lowering of the crane heads 3 and prepared in the manner described previously for concreting, as illustrated particularly in FIG. 5. After construction of the longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118 of the second storey, and after removal of the shuttering from these walls, the shuttering 20 27 is raised again sufficiently to enable the floor slabs 36 of the second storey to be inserted under them and laid on the newly constructed longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118. The central well 16 between the two longitudinal walls 17, is once again left free. The steps of this process described above are repeated for each storey until the building has reached the desired height through erection of the longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118 storey by storey, with alternate laying of the prefabricated floor slabs 36. The superimposed storey portions of the longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118 are connected together and to the interposed prefabricated 36 in any manner known per se, for example by means of edge cut-outs 40 in the floor slabs 36. Parts of the reinforcement of the longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118 lying therebeneath project upwards through these edge cut-outs 40, which can be seen particularly in FIG. 4. The edge cut-outs 40 of the floor slabs 36 are then filled with concrete during the concreting of the longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118 lying above them, thus forming connecting bridges between the superimposed wall portions.

If the cranes 1, that is to say their masts 2, are made sufficiently tall, they may rest on the ground or on the foundations 19 throughout the entire building period that is to say until the complete building has been constructed. The height of the cranes 1 and the expense entailed thereby can however be considerably reduced by providing the crane frame with an elevating device, with the aid of which it is elevated on to the previously constructed parts of the building as the work progresses, and is consequently raised step by step or storey by storey.

FIGS. 6, 7 and 20 to 22 illustrate an example of the construction of an elevating device of this kind for a crane I, this device being used in conjunction with the elevating device for the crane head 3 which is illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 12. On the bottom end of each mast 2 there is provided, on the sides facing the longitudinal walls 17, at least one bearing catch which is pivotable in the downward direction and adapted to be secured in a horizontal operative position. These bearing catches 41 co-operate with the edge portions, projecting into the shaft 16 between the longitudinal walls 17, of the prefabricated floor slab 36 which have already been laid. After the building frame has been erected to a determined height, for example after the floor of the second storey has been laid and after the shuttering 20 27 has been lowered and laid on this floor, the crane head 3 is supported by projecting bearing arms 42 on the lowered shuttering parts, particularly on the

closed shuttering wings

21 or 25 and on the shuttering panels 27 of the longitudinal walls 17, as shown in FIG. 6. The bearing catches 8 and 10, which are pivotable in the downward direction and are provided on the upper cross-beam 6 fastened to the crane head 3, and also to the bottom cross-beam 7, which is adapted to slide up and down in the crane head 3 with the aid of the powercylinder 5, are pivoted into their inoperative vertical position of rest, while the associated supporting and driving

catches

9 and 11 which are adapted to pivot in the upward direction, are pivoted into their horizontal operative condition, as illustrated particularly in FIG. 12. The power cylinder 5 is then extended, whereby the bottom cross-beam 7 is moved downward in the crane head 3 supported by the shuttering, until its driving catches 11 engage under a pair of supporting bars 12 on the masts 2. On running over the supporting bars 12 the driving catches 11 automatically yield temporarily in the upward direction. The power cylinder 5 is then retracted and consequently lifts the masts 2, which were previously standing on the ground or on the foundations 19, by means of the driving catches 11 of the bottom cross-beam, which has now been moved in the upward direction in the supported crane head 3, until the supporting catches 9 of the upper'cross-beam 6, which is secured to the crane head 3, engage under a pair of supporting bars on the masts. The power cylinder is then extended again until the driving catches 1 1 of the cross-beam '7, which is thereby lowered again, engage under another pair of supporting bars 12 on the masts 2, which at that moment are carried by the supporting catches 9 of the top cross-beamb. Through repeated raising and lowering of the bottom cross-beam 7 the masts 2 are raised step by step until their bearing catches 411 engage over the edge portions, projecting into the well 16, of the previously laid floor slabs 36 of the first storey and are supported thereon, as can be seen particularly in FIGS. 7 and 22. On running over the floor slabs 36 the bearing catches 41 yield automatically, that is to say they are temporarily pivoted in the downward direction, as can be seen in FIG. 21. The masts 2 of the crane 1 are therefore now carried by the edge portions of the laid floor of the first storey and after the bearing, supporting, and driving catches 8 to 11 have been changed over, that is to say after the bearing catches 8, 10 have pivoted into their horizontal operative position and the supporting and driving

catches

9, 11 have pivoted into their vertical position of rest as shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the crane head 3 can againbe moved up and down in relation to the mast frames in a manner previously described, and in particular into its position necessary for the concreting of the longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118 of the third storey and for the removal of the shuttering from these walls and laying the floor slabs 36 thereabove. The masts 2 of the crane 1 are then raised by the height of another storey with the aid of the elevating device described, and supported on the edge portions, projecting into the well 16, of the floor slabs 36 of the second storey. and so on.

The building frame is constructed on both sides of or around the cranes 1, the crane masts being also supported and braced laterally in the previously constructed parts of the crane particularly in relation to the longitudinal walls 17. By this means and because of the relatively low height of the crane resulting from the elevation of the crane masts, greater operational reliability and safety in respect of accidents are ensured. In addition, almost all parts of the cranes 1 are conveniently accessible, for repair and inspection purposes, from the previously laid floors of the individual storeys. After completion of the building frame the cranes 1 can be dismantled conveniently and without danger. Another important advantage consists in that a weather roof 51 which is partly illustrated in FIG. 7 and which covers the appertaining portion of the building area can be fastened on the jib 4 of each building crane 1. Consequently, building work can continue even in rainy weather and in conjunction with the steam heating of the shuttering even in winter. The partial enclosure of the individual Ushaped rooms of the erected building frame by means of the longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118 provides increased safety in respect of accidents, while the outer, open sides of these rooms can be closed in by additional railings or the like, which for example can be raised and lowered together with the shuttering by means of the cranes 1. The use of prefabricated floor slabs in conjunction with frame portions (longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118) constructed storey by storey with the aid of re-usable, raisable and lowerable shuttering considerably shortens the time required for building.

The partitions of the building and the outer walls or the like which still have to be erected are formed from prefabricated wall slabs 43 laid with the aid of the cranes 1, as illustrated particularly in FIGS. 6 and 7. After the cranes 1 have been dismantled, the well 16, which remains between the longitudinal walls 17 and which is continuously open from top to bottom, is, in particular, sub-divided into storeys. At the same time mains pipes or cables for the lighting, water, heating, and drain installations may be disposed in this well, or staircases, lift wells, or the like may be built in it. Depending on the ground plan or frame of the building various other constructions and arrangements of the cranes used to carry out the method are possible. In the example described above and illustrated in FIG. 13, for example, only two cranes may be used, as illustrated in FIG. 14. These cranes 1 are directed in the region of the two outer U-shaped spaces, each of which is bounded by an inner transverse wall 18 and an outer transverse wall 118. In addition to the inner shuttering panel 2401' the respective outer transverse walls 118 and the outer shuttering panel 24 of the respective inner transverse walls 18, together with the shuttering wings 25 articulated thereon for the longitudinal walls 17, the jib 4 of each crane 1 also carries in this case the outer shuttering panel 26 of the appertaining outer transverse walls 118 and the inner shuttering panel 20 of the appertaining inner transverse walls 18, together with the shuttering wings 21 articulated thereon for the longitudinal walls 17. Better distribution of weight is thereby achieved.

The method according to the invention may however also be performed with a single crane .1, if this crane is of the travelling or rotary type. An example of this kind is illustrated in FIGS. 23 and 24. The crane 1 is here adapted to run by means of wheels 44 on rails 45, which are disposed in the well 16 between the longitudinal walls 17. The lifting of the shuttering 20 27, the insertion and laying of the prefabricated floor slabs 36 and the lowering of the shuttering 20 27 on to the floor slabs 36 are in this case carried out sector by sector, while the shuttering panels 27 for the longitudinal walls 17 are preferably divided into a plurality of corresponding length sectors. Thus for example the travelling crane 1 is firstbrought into the region of one end of the well, where it lifts the

corresponding shuttering panels

23, 24, together with the shuttering wings 25 articulated on them, and also the shuttering panel 26 and the respective portion of the shuttering panel 27. After insertion of the prefabricated floor slabs 36 under the raised shuttering, the latter is lowered and the crane 1 is run into the middle region of the well, where it raises the shuttering panel 20 together with the shuttering wings 25 articulated thereto and the respective portion of the shuttering panel 27 and inserts the prefabricated floor slab 36 under this shuttering and so on. The travelling crane 1 shown in FIG. 23 and 24 is also preferably provided with an elevating device, for example one of the kind previously described. The bottom bearing catches 41 of this elevating device are however here not disposed on the masts 2, but on the tops of sleepers 46 fastened to the rails 45, as can be seen particularly in FIG. 24.. On the raising of the masts 2 by the elevating device illustrated in FIGS. 8 to 12, the rails 45 are temporarily fastened to the masts 2 by a fastening device 47 and consequently are raised together with the masts and with the sleepers 46. After the bearing catches 41 have engaged over the laid floor slabs 36 of the next higher storey and the rail sleepers thus rest on these floor slabs 36 the fastening device 47 is released and the crane 1 can travel on the rails 45.

In buildings having a more compact, approximately square ground plan a single crane in the form of a rotary crane provided with a climbing device may be disposed in a central well, this crane effecting the raising of the shuttering, the laying of the floor slabs, and the lowering of the shuttering approximately sector by sector.

The reinforced concrete frame of the building need not necessarily consist of longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118 disposed roughly in U-shape, although this arrangement has particularly great stability which is especially advantageous when elevatable cranes are used. Some possible groundplan forms for the reinforced concrete frame are shown in P16. 25. From this Figure it can be seen that in addition to the longitudinal and

transverse walls

17, 18, 118 in continuous U-form the building frame may also consist of simple walls 48 or of posts 49, preferably of angular cross-section, or of hollow pillars 49 with an open or closed cross-section.

I claim:

1. In the construction of a multi-story building, a method of forming floors and walls of successive stories using a reusable form having a vertical height equal to the full height of a storey, including the steps of erecting the form in place by retaining the form in a suspended condition and securing the form in place, forming vertical walls by pouring the material of the vertical walls into the erected form, raising the form by a dis tance equal to at least one storey plus the thickness of a prefabricated floor siab following the curing of said vertical walls, and, with the aid of a crane erected in a well formed by internal vertical walls not covered by the floor slabs;

raising prefabricated floor slabs,

inserting the floor slabs horizontally between the raised form and the tops of the vertical walls, laying the slabs on the tops of the vertical walls of said one storey to form a floor, and

lowering the form onto the floor preparatory to the formation of the vertical wall of the next higher storey, and raising the crane by one storey at a time and supporting it by previously erected wall or floor portions. 2. The method of claim 1, whereinsaid steps of retaining the shuttering, raising the shuttering and lowering the shuttering are also carried out with the aid of the crane.

3. In the construction of a multi-story building, a

method of forming floors and walls of successive stories using a reusable form having a vertical height equal to the full height of a storey, including the steps of: erecting the form in place by retaining the form in a suspended condition and securing the form in place, forming vertical walls by pouring the material of the vertical walls into the erected form, raising the form by a distance equal to at least one full storey plus the thickness of a prefabricated floor slab following curing of the said vertical walls, inserting said prefabricated floor slabs horizontally between the raised form and the tops of the vertical walls and laying the slabs on the tops of the vertical walls of said one storey to form a floor, and lowering the form onto the floor and securing the form in place preparatory to the formation of the walls of the next higher storey.

4. The method according to claim 3, in which the steps of raising and lowering of the suspended form and the step of laying the prefabricated floor slabs is effected with the aid of a crane, and said method includes erecting the crane in a well formed by internal walls not covered by floor slabs.

5. The method according to claim 4, in which the well extends over the length of the building and including the steps of disposing in the well a plurality ofjuxtaposed, mutually spaced cranes, and using each of the cranes to effect the raising and lowering of the form, to pour concrete into the form to form vertical walls, and for the laying of the prefabricated floor slabs on both sides of the well.

6. The method according to claim 4, in which the well extends over the length of the building and including the steps of disposing in the well at least one crane which is adapted to travel in the lengthwise direction of the well, and using the crane or cranes to effect raising and lowering of the form, to pour concrete into the form to form vertical walls, and for the laying of the prefabricated floor slabs alternately for individual por tions of the length of the building on both sides of the well.

7. The method according to claim 4, in which the well is situated approximately in the middle of the building and including the steps of disposing a rotatable crane in the well, and using the crane to effect raising and lowering of the form, to pour concrete into the form to form vertical walls, and for the laying of the prefabricated floor slabs alternately for individual sectors of the ground plan of the building, preferably sectors lying diametrally opposite one another.

8. The method according to claim 4, in which the crane located in the well initially stands on the ground or on foundations for the building and, following the formation of one or more storey portions of the frame, the method includes raising the crane stepwise by at least one storey at a time and then supporting the crane by previously erected walls or floors.

9. The method according to claim 8, in which the step of forming vertical frame parts storey by storey comprises forming walls with an angular horizontal

Claims

1. In the construction of a multi-story building, a method of forming floors and walls of successive stories using a reusable form having a vertical height equal to the full height of a storey, including the steps of erecting the form in place by retaining the form in a suspended condition and securing the form in place, forming vertical walls by pouring the material of the vertical walls into the erected form, raising the form by a distance equal to at least one storey plus the thickness of a prefabricated floor slab following the curing of said vertical walls, and, with the aid of a crane erected in a well formed by internal vertical walls not covered by the floor slabs; raising prefabricated floor slabs, inserting the floor slabs horizontally between the raised form and the tops of the vertical walls, laying the slabs on the tops of the vertical walls of said one storey to form a floor, and lowering the form onto the floor preparatory to the formation of the vertical wall of the next higher storey, and raising the crane by one storey at a time and supporting it by previously erected wall or floor portions.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said steps of retaining the shuttering, raising the shuttering and lowering the shuttering are also carried out with the aid of the crane.

3. In the construction of a multi-story building, a method of forming floors and walls of successive stories using a reusable form having a vertical height equal to the full height of a storey, including the steps of: erecting the form in place by retaining the form in a suspended condition and securing the form in place, forming vertical walls by pouring the material of the vertical walls into the erected form, raising the form by a distance equal to at least one full storey plus the thickness of a prefabricated floor slab following curing of the said vertical walls, inserting said prefabriCated floor slabs horizontally between the raised form and the tops of the vertical walls and laying the slabs on the tops of the vertical walls of said one storey to form a floor, and lowering the form onto the floor and securing the form in place preparatory to the formation of the walls of the next higher storey.

5. The method according to claim 4, in which the well extends over the length of the building and including the steps of disposing in the well a plurality of juxtaposed, mutually spaced cranes, and using each of the cranes to effect the raising and lowering of the form, to pour concrete into the form to form vertical walls, and for the laying of the prefabricated floor slabs on both sides of the well.

6. The method according to claim 4, in which the well extends over the length of the building and including the steps of disposing in the well at least one crane which is adapted to travel in the lengthwise direction of the well, and using the crane or cranes to effect raising and lowering of the form, to pour concrete into the form to form vertical walls, and for the laying of the prefabricated floor slabs alternately for individual portions of the length of the building on both sides of the well.

9. The method according to claim 8, in which the step of forming vertical frame parts storey by storey comprises forming walls with an angular horizontal cross-section.