US3817254A - Transcutaneous stimulator and stimulation method - Google Patents

Transcutaneous stimulator and stimulation method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3817254A
US3817254A US00251280A US25128072A US3817254A US 3817254 A US3817254 A US 3817254A US 00251280 A US00251280 A US 00251280A US 25128072 A US25128072 A US 25128072A US 3817254 A US3817254 A US 3817254A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pulses
stimulator
transcutaneous
pulse
output
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00251280A
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English (en)
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D Maurer
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Medtronic Inc
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Medtronic Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Medtronic Inc filed Critical Medtronic Inc
Priority to US00251280A priority Critical patent/US3817254A/en
Priority to CA169,827A priority patent/CA1010508A/en
Priority to DE2322953A priority patent/DE2322953A1/de
Priority to GB2168373A priority patent/GB1422845A/en
Priority to NL7306338A priority patent/NL7306338A/xx
Priority to FR7316391A priority patent/FR2183891B1/fr
Priority to JP48050541A priority patent/JPS502388A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3817254A publication Critical patent/US3817254A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
    • A61N1/36021—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes for treatment of pain

Definitions

  • the output of the stlmulator 1 s a Stnnulating pulse having frequency components falling within [56] References Cited predetermined frequency band limits so as tooptimally excite touch nerve fibres relative to nociceptor UNITED STATES PATENTS or pain receptor nerve fibres.
  • the smaller fibre will require longer pulse durations than large fibre stimuli.
  • These differences in nerve response have been used to selectively stimulate different types of nerve fibres by varying the amplitude, pulse duration, or pulse repetition rate of an electrical stimulating pulse.
  • the desired degree of nerve fibre selectivity has not been achieved in the prior art, with the result that, for example, an elicited touch response resulting from the stimulating pulse is often accompanied by a prickly, stinging, burning, sharp or other unpleasant noxious response.
  • the present invention provides a stimulating pulse having frequency components falling within predeterters.
  • the type of stimulation specified herein optimizes the differential excitation between touch and pain specific fibres, thus optimizing the inhibition of pain transmission.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a transcutaneous stimulator embodying the present invention. l I
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of touch and pain response versus frequency. 1 1
  • the present invention can best be understood by viewing the pulses used in the prior art devices in terms of a Fourier transform analysis.
  • Any pulse has a fundamental sine wave component.
  • Non-sine wave pulses in addition, have sine wave components having frequencies which are multiples of the fundamental frequency. By determining which of these frequency components operate on which of the various nerve classifications, it is possible to generate a signal whose frequency components fall within predetermined frequency band limits, thus reducing the undesired noxious sensation.
  • Peripheral nerve fibres have a standard classification in order of decreasing size and conduction velocity. Those of particular interest here are the class A-beta fibres which :subserve touch and the class C fibres which are specific for pain.
  • the pulse generator 10 is provided with a pulse rate control 11 which operates in a known manner.
  • the output of the pulse generator 10 is transmitted by line 12 to a low pass active filter which may be one of a number of known types.
  • the low pass filter 13 will produce a full or half wave pulse of a single frequency or having a plurality of frequency components within the bonds to be described hereinafter.
  • the filtered wave is passed from the filter 13 over the line 14 to a power amplifier and current control 15 whose output is coupled to the output electrodes 17 and 18 by a conventional transformer 20.
  • Electrode for Transcutaneous Stimulator may be of a type disclosed in my copending application, Ser. No. 251,179 filed May 8, 1972;, for Electrode for Transcutaneous Stimulator.
  • a feedback line'Zl is employed to introduce a constant current feature to the stimulator of the present invention.
  • the touch response curve 23 is essentially a bellshaped curve which results from direct electrical stimulation.
  • Curve 24 shows the pain response curve with segments A, B and C. Segments A and C result from secondary effects of the stimulation, such as, for example, chemical effects Segment B results from both the secondary effects and the effect of direct electrical stimulation.
  • a greater differential excitation of touch nerve fibres over pain nerve fibres will inhibit the transmission of a pain signal from the pain fibres. Any specific frequency of stimulation which elicits a greater touch response than pain response will inhibit the pain transmission thereby eliminating any noxious sensation from the stimulation.
  • any pulse having individual frequency components which collectively elicit a greater touch response than pain response will inhibit pain transmission and eliminate any noxious sensation from the stimulation.
  • a substantially pure sine wave pulse either full or half wave
  • a stimulation pulse having a plurality of frequency components and substantially 90 percent of its energy falling within the predetermined frequency band limits of substantially IOU-5,000 Hz with the fundamental frequency preferably within the range of substantially l,000-3,000 Hz will produce a greater touch response than pain response thereby eliminating any noxious sensations.
  • a stimulator adapted for use as a transcutaneous stimulator for the purpose of organic pain suppression which comprises:
  • filter means for transforming the pulses of the pulse generator means into output pulses each comprising a plurality of frequency components having substantially percent of their energy throughout substantially -5 ,000 Hz;
  • output means connected to said filter means for applying said transformed pulses transcutaneously.
  • said output means further comprises constant current means for regulating the current output of said filter means.
  • a transcutaneous stimulator which comprises:

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
US00251280A 1972-05-08 1972-05-08 Transcutaneous stimulator and stimulation method Expired - Lifetime US3817254A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00251280A US3817254A (en) 1972-05-08 1972-05-08 Transcutaneous stimulator and stimulation method
CA169,827A CA1010508A (en) 1972-05-08 1973-04-30 Transcutaneous stimulator
DE2322953A DE2322953A1 (de) 1972-05-08 1973-05-07 Reizstromgeraet
GB2168373A GB1422845A (en) 1972-05-08 1973-05-07 Transcutaneous stimulator
NL7306338A NL7306338A (US07122547-20061017-C00273.png) 1972-05-08 1973-05-07
FR7316391A FR2183891B1 (US07122547-20061017-C00273.png) 1972-05-08 1973-05-07
JP48050541A JPS502388A (US07122547-20061017-C00273.png) 1972-05-08 1973-05-07

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00251280A US3817254A (en) 1972-05-08 1972-05-08 Transcutaneous stimulator and stimulation method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3817254A true US3817254A (en) 1974-06-18

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US00251280A Expired - Lifetime US3817254A (en) 1972-05-08 1972-05-08 Transcutaneous stimulator and stimulation method

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US (1) US3817254A (US07122547-20061017-C00273.png)
JP (1) JPS502388A (US07122547-20061017-C00273.png)
CA (1) CA1010508A (US07122547-20061017-C00273.png)
DE (1) DE2322953A1 (US07122547-20061017-C00273.png)
FR (1) FR2183891B1 (US07122547-20061017-C00273.png)
GB (1) GB1422845A (US07122547-20061017-C00273.png)
NL (1) NL7306338A (US07122547-20061017-C00273.png)

Cited By (92)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3902502A (en) * 1974-09-13 1975-09-02 Saul Liss Apparatus for temporarily arresting arthritic pain
US3911930A (en) * 1974-03-01 1975-10-14 Stimulation Tech Method and structure of preventing and treating ileus, and reducing acute pain by electrical pulse stimulation
US4068669A (en) * 1975-11-24 1978-01-17 Stimulation Technology, Inc. Stimulator fault protection circuit
US4121594A (en) * 1977-09-26 1978-10-24 Med General, Inc. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator
US4167189A (en) * 1976-04-26 1979-09-11 Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology Apparatus for transmission of information by electrocutaneous stimulus
US4249537A (en) * 1979-05-18 1981-02-10 Chaconas Charles G Current controlled muscle stimulator
US4305402A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-12-15 Katims Jefferson J Method for transcutaneous electrical stimulation
US4324253A (en) * 1977-01-28 1982-04-13 Greene Ronald W Transcutaneous pain control and/or muscle stimulating apparatus
US4340063A (en) * 1980-01-02 1982-07-20 Empi, Inc. Stimulation device
US4421336A (en) * 1982-09-14 1983-12-20 Wright State University Vehicle for the paralyzed
EP0099662A1 (en) * 1982-07-15 1984-02-01 John Kenneth Wilmot Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation apparatus
US4431002A (en) * 1981-06-08 1984-02-14 Empi Inc. Modulated deep afferent stimulator
EP0103491A1 (en) * 1982-09-14 1984-03-21 Wright State University Method and apparatus for providing feedback-controlled muscle stimulation
US4442839A (en) * 1981-04-27 1984-04-17 Empi, Inc. Method of modulating energy in train of electrical pulses
EP0111229A2 (en) * 1982-12-08 1984-06-20 Neurotronic (1981) Ltee. Electric nerve stimulator device
US4480830A (en) * 1982-09-14 1984-11-06 Wright State University Method and apparatus for exercising
US4499900A (en) * 1982-11-26 1985-02-19 Wright State University System and method for treating paralyzed persons
US4503863A (en) * 1979-06-29 1985-03-12 Katims Jefferson J Method and apparatus for transcutaneous electrical stimulation
US4556214A (en) * 1982-09-14 1985-12-03 Wright State University Method and apparatus for exercising
US4917092A (en) * 1988-07-13 1990-04-17 Medical Designs, Inc. Transcutaneous nerve stimulator for treatment of sympathetic nerve dysfunction
US4919140A (en) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-24 Purdue Research Foundation Method and apparatus for regenerating nerves
WO1991019535A1 (en) * 1990-06-12 1991-12-26 Zmd Corporation Method and apparatus for transcutaneous cardiac pacing
US5193537A (en) * 1990-06-12 1993-03-16 Zmd Corporation Method and apparatus for transcutaneous electrical cardiac pacing
US6205359B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2001-03-20 Birinder Bob Boveja Apparatus and method for adjunct (add-on) therapy of partial complex epilepsy, generalized epilepsy and involuntary movement disorders utilizing an external stimulator
US6208902B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2001-03-27 Birinder Bob Boveja Apparatus and method for adjunct (add-on) therapy for pain syndromes utilizing an implantable lead and an external stimulator
US6269270B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2001-07-31 Birinder Bob Boveja Apparatus and method for adjunct (add-on) therapy of Dementia and Alzheimer's disease utilizing an implantable lead and external stimulator
US6309406B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2001-10-30 Hamit-Darwin-Fresh, Inc. Apparatus and method for inducing epileptic seizures in test animals for anticonvulsant drug screening
US20040015203A1 (en) * 2000-05-08 2004-01-22 Mcgraw Michael B. Multi-functional portable electro-medical device
US20040167589A1 (en) * 2003-02-22 2004-08-26 Chester Heath Viral-inhibiting apparatus and methods
US20070038263A1 (en) * 2005-07-11 2007-02-15 Mcintyre Jon T Percutaneous access for neuromodulation procedures
US20070073354A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2007-03-29 Knudson Mark B Neural blocking therapy
US20070167990A1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-07-19 Theranova, Llc Method and apparatus for low frequency induction therapy for the treatment of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder
US20070213771A1 (en) * 2006-03-07 2007-09-13 Spinner Robert J Regional anesthetic
USRE40279E1 (en) 1997-06-26 2008-04-29 Sherwood Services Ag Method and system for neural tissue modification
US20080208287A1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2008-08-28 Palermo Francis X Electrical stimulation device and method for the treatment of neurological disorders
US20090132003A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2009-05-21 Purdue Research Foundation Wireless Electrical Stimulation of Neural Injury
US20090204173A1 (en) * 2007-11-05 2009-08-13 Zi-Ping Fang Multi-Frequency Neural Treatments and Associated Systems and Methods
US20090254148A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2009-10-08 Borgens Richard B Telemetrically Controllable System for Treatment of Nervous Sytem Injury
USRE41045E1 (en) 1996-06-27 2009-12-15 Covidien Ag Method and apparatus for altering neural tissue function
US20100274317A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Jon Parker Devices for controlling high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including simplified contact selection
US20110230701A1 (en) * 2009-03-20 2011-09-22 ElectroCore, LLC. Electrical and magnetic stimulators used to treat migraine/sinus headache and comorbid disorders
US20110230938A1 (en) * 2009-03-20 2011-09-22 ElectroCore, LLC. Device and methods for non-invasive electrical stimulation and their use for vagal nerve stimulation
US20110264002A1 (en) * 2008-12-05 2011-10-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Electrical stimulation device for locating an electrical stimulation point and method
US8255057B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2012-08-28 Nevro Corporation Systems and methods for producing asynchronous neural responses to treat pain and/or other patient conditions
US8430805B2 (en) 2006-10-02 2013-04-30 Emkinetics, Inc. Method and apparatus for magnetic induction therapy
US20130172957A1 (en) * 2011-12-28 2013-07-04 ElectroCore, LLC. Non-invasive nerve stimulator circuit
US8588884B2 (en) 2010-05-28 2013-11-19 Emkinetics, Inc. Microneedle electrode
US8649874B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2014-02-11 Nevro Corporation Extended pain relief via high frequency spinal cord modulation, and associated systems and methods
US8676331B2 (en) 2012-04-02 2014-03-18 Nevro Corporation Devices for controlling spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, and associated systems and methods, including controllers for automated parameter selection
US20140236042A1 (en) * 2011-05-13 2014-08-21 Saluda Medical Pty. Ltd. Method and apparatus for measurement of neural response
US9002477B2 (en) 2006-01-17 2015-04-07 Emkinetics, Inc. Methods and devices for performing electrical stimulation to treat various conditions
US9005102B2 (en) 2006-10-02 2015-04-14 Emkinetics, Inc. Method and apparatus for electrical stimulation therapy
DE202015005645U1 (de) 2015-08-14 2015-09-02 Nordin Kouache Funktionsbekleidung mit taktilem Reizmodul und EMG-Elektrode
WO2015179744A1 (en) * 2014-05-23 2015-11-26 ElectroCore, LLC Systems and methods for vagal nerve stimulation
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US9278215B2 (en) 2011-09-08 2016-03-08 Nevro Corporation Selective high frequency spinal cord modulation for inhibiting pain, including cephalic and/or total body pain with reduced side effects, and associated systems and methods
US9339641B2 (en) 2006-01-17 2016-05-17 Emkinetics, Inc. Method and apparatus for transdermal stimulation over the palmar and plantar surfaces
US9381356B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2016-07-05 Saluda Medical Pty Ltd. Method and apparatus for controlling a neural stimulus
US9409019B2 (en) 2009-07-28 2016-08-09 Nevro Corporation Linked area parameter adjustment for spinal cord stimulation and associated systems and methods
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US9833614B1 (en) 2012-06-22 2017-12-05 Nevro Corp. Autonomic nervous system control via high frequency spinal cord modulation, and associated systems and methods
US9872990B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2018-01-23 Saluda Medical Pty Limited Method and apparatus for application of a neural stimulus
US9895539B1 (en) 2013-06-10 2018-02-20 Nevro Corp. Methods and systems for disease treatment using electrical stimulation
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US11596798B2 (en) 2016-01-25 2023-03-07 Nevro Corp Treatment of congestive heart failure with electrical stimulation, and associated systems and methods
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JPS58181421A (ja) * 1982-04-19 1983-10-24 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 金属材料の伸線加工方法
US4738250A (en) * 1985-10-01 1988-04-19 Mems Technology, Incorporated Apparatus and method for micro-electric medical stimulation of cells of living animal tissue

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Cited By (229)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3911930A (en) * 1974-03-01 1975-10-14 Stimulation Tech Method and structure of preventing and treating ileus, and reducing acute pain by electrical pulse stimulation
US3902502A (en) * 1974-09-13 1975-09-02 Saul Liss Apparatus for temporarily arresting arthritic pain
US4068669A (en) * 1975-11-24 1978-01-17 Stimulation Technology, Inc. Stimulator fault protection circuit
US4167189A (en) * 1976-04-26 1979-09-11 Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology Apparatus for transmission of information by electrocutaneous stimulus
US4324253A (en) * 1977-01-28 1982-04-13 Greene Ronald W Transcutaneous pain control and/or muscle stimulating apparatus
US4121594A (en) * 1977-09-26 1978-10-24 Med General, Inc. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator
US4249537A (en) * 1979-05-18 1981-02-10 Chaconas Charles G Current controlled muscle stimulator
US4305402A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-12-15 Katims Jefferson J Method for transcutaneous electrical stimulation
US4503863A (en) * 1979-06-29 1985-03-12 Katims Jefferson J Method and apparatus for transcutaneous electrical stimulation
US4340063A (en) * 1980-01-02 1982-07-20 Empi, Inc. Stimulation device
US4442839A (en) * 1981-04-27 1984-04-17 Empi, Inc. Method of modulating energy in train of electrical pulses
US4431002A (en) * 1981-06-08 1984-02-14 Empi Inc. Modulated deep afferent stimulator
EP0099662A1 (en) * 1982-07-15 1984-02-01 John Kenneth Wilmot Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation apparatus
US4480830A (en) * 1982-09-14 1984-11-06 Wright State University Method and apparatus for exercising
US4421336A (en) * 1982-09-14 1983-12-20 Wright State University Vehicle for the paralyzed
US4492233A (en) * 1982-09-14 1985-01-08 Wright State University Method and apparatus for providing feedback-controlled muscle stimulation
EP0103491A1 (en) * 1982-09-14 1984-03-21 Wright State University Method and apparatus for providing feedback-controlled muscle stimulation
US4556214A (en) * 1982-09-14 1985-12-03 Wright State University Method and apparatus for exercising
US4499900A (en) * 1982-11-26 1985-02-19 Wright State University System and method for treating paralyzed persons
EP0111229A2 (en) * 1982-12-08 1984-06-20 Neurotronic (1981) Ltee. Electric nerve stimulator device
EP0111229A3 (en) * 1982-12-08 1984-07-25 Neurotronic (1981) Ltee. Electric nerve stimulator device
US4917092A (en) * 1988-07-13 1990-04-17 Medical Designs, Inc. Transcutaneous nerve stimulator for treatment of sympathetic nerve dysfunction
US4919140A (en) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-24 Purdue Research Foundation Method and apparatus for regenerating nerves
WO1991019535A1 (en) * 1990-06-12 1991-12-26 Zmd Corporation Method and apparatus for transcutaneous cardiac pacing
US5193537A (en) * 1990-06-12 1993-03-16 Zmd Corporation Method and apparatus for transcutaneous electrical cardiac pacing
US5205284A (en) * 1990-06-12 1993-04-27 Zoll Medical Corporation Method and apparatus for transcutaneous electrical cardiac pacing with background stimulation
US5282843A (en) * 1990-06-12 1994-02-01 Zmd Corporation Electrodes and method for transcutaneous cardiac pacing
USRE41045E1 (en) 1996-06-27 2009-12-15 Covidien Ag Method and apparatus for altering neural tissue function
USRE40279E1 (en) 1997-06-26 2008-04-29 Sherwood Services Ag Method and system for neural tissue modification
US6205359B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2001-03-20 Birinder Bob Boveja Apparatus and method for adjunct (add-on) therapy of partial complex epilepsy, generalized epilepsy and involuntary movement disorders utilizing an external stimulator
US6208902B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2001-03-27 Birinder Bob Boveja Apparatus and method for adjunct (add-on) therapy for pain syndromes utilizing an implantable lead and an external stimulator
US6269270B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2001-07-31 Birinder Bob Boveja Apparatus and method for adjunct (add-on) therapy of Dementia and Alzheimer's disease utilizing an implantable lead and external stimulator
US6309406B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2001-10-30 Hamit-Darwin-Fresh, Inc. Apparatus and method for inducing epileptic seizures in test animals for anticonvulsant drug screening
US6988005B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2006-01-17 International Rehabilitative Sciences, Inc. Multi-functional portable electro-medical device
US20040015203A1 (en) * 2000-05-08 2004-01-22 Mcgraw Michael B. Multi-functional portable electro-medical device
US20040167589A1 (en) * 2003-02-22 2004-08-26 Chester Heath Viral-inhibiting apparatus and methods
US20070073372A1 (en) * 2003-02-22 2007-03-29 Chester Heath Viral-inhibiting apparatus and methods
US7415309B2 (en) * 2005-07-11 2008-08-19 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Percutaneous access for neuromodulation procedures
US20070038263A1 (en) * 2005-07-11 2007-02-15 Mcintyre Jon T Percutaneous access for neuromodulation procedures
US8798754B2 (en) 2005-09-26 2014-08-05 Venturi Group, Llc Neural blocking therapy
US20070073354A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2007-03-29 Knudson Mark B Neural blocking therapy
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