US3815553A - Apparatus for the production of gas - Google Patents
Apparatus for the production of gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3815553A US3815553A US00312224A US31222472A US3815553A US 3815553 A US3815553 A US 3815553A US 00312224 A US00312224 A US 00312224A US 31222472 A US31222472 A US 31222472A US 3815553 A US3815553 A US 3815553A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- gases
- envelope
- outlet
- combustion chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100264195 Caenorhabditis elegans app-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- ARHWPKZXBHOEEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N alclofenac Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(OCC=C)C(Cl)=C1 ARHWPKZXBHOEEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/48—Sulfur dioxide; Sulfurous acid
- C01B17/50—Preparation of sulfur dioxide
- C01B17/54—Preparation of sulfur dioxide by burning elemental sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/48—Sulfur dioxide; Sulfurous acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/48—Sulfur dioxide; Sulfurous acid
- C01B17/50—Preparation of sulfur dioxide
- C01B17/58—Recovery of sulfur dioxide from acid tar or the like or from any waste sulfuric acid
Definitions
- STRACT Apparatus for the production of gas by exothermic reaction and in particular by combustion of liquid, solid or gaseous materials has a furnace and a heat exchanger mounted in a common envelope and means are provided for adjusting the outlet temperature of the combustion gases.
- the heat exchanger may be in the form-of tube bundles housed in lateral chambers flanking an elongate combustion chamber of the furnace.
- the means for adjusting the outlet temperature of the combustion gases may be adjustable orifices which .provide communication between the lateral chambers and the adjacent'spaces of the envelope.
- Further adjustable means may provide communication between the'furnace combustion chamber and the outlet for the gases.
- the invention aims to provide apparatus of this kind which enables the extraction of the gases at a temperature suitable for their subsequent employment. Installations known up to the present time for this purpose have included separately: a combustion furnace, a recuperator boiler and a device for regulating the temperature of the gases.
- apparatus for the production of gases by exothermic reaction and in particular by combustion is. characterized in that it includes a furnace combined with a heat exchanger and having means for. adjusting the outlet temperature of the combustion gases, the assembly of the furnace and the heat exchanger being enclosed in an envelope.
- the internal surface of the envelope may be maintained, during normal operation, at a temperature above the dew point of the gases, the regulation of the outlet temperature of the gases being effected by withdrawal of gas from thefurnace and/or at one or more points along their paththrough the apparatus and mixing of the withdrawn gases with the gas leaving the apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side elevation of one embodiment of apparatus in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 taken on the line IIlI of FIG. 3, and
- FIG. 3 is a sectional plan taken on the line IIlIII.of
- the furnace is enclosed in a cylindrical sheet metal envelope 1, disposed horizontally on cradles 2 (FIGS. 1 and 2).
- the furnace includes a hearth 3 of refractory bricks, the composition and thickness of which are determined in such a way that during normal operation the portion of the envelope on which the hearth is disposed will be maintained at the same temperature as the rest of the envelope.
- lateral walls 4 Connected to the hearth 3 are lateral walls 4 also formed of refractory bricks fitted between tubes 5 situated closer to the outwardly-facing surface of said walls than the inwardly-facing surfaces thereof.
- the tubes 5 are situated in vertical planes, and they connect lowerheaders 6 which go around the furnace and a main central shell 8 towards which the upper portions of the walls 4 converge and which is disposed above the roof 9 of the furnace.
- the tubes 5 are spaced apart equidistantly along the a major portion of the length of the walls 4, as shown in 2.
- the mouthpiece 13 is surrounded by a casing 15 of frusto-conical shape joined to the envelopefl so as to close the latter at the front end (FIGS. 1 and 3
- the furnace isclosed by a double wall 16 formed by two rows of refractory bricks respectively fitted, like the wall 4, between two rows of tubes 17 which also connect the lower headers 6 to the main central shell 8 (FIG. 1).
- the double wall 16 has a central cavity 18 limited laterally by intermediate layers 19 of refractory material.
- the cavity 18 communicates with the interior of the furnace through lateral ports 20 and it also communicates, through central ports 21, with an outlet pipe 22 secured to the outer wall and the outwardly-directed end of whichcontains a valve 23 which can be operated from the outside by means of a handwheel 24 (FIG. 3).
- a portion of the combustion gases can therefore leave thefurnace, by being bypassed through the pipe 22, which enables the outlet temperature of the gases to be regulated outside the apparatus.
- the pipe 22 and the valve 23 may be constructed of refractor'yimaterial.
- the pipe 22 is made conical casing 27 to which is connected a flue 28serving to lead the gases towards apparatus (not shown) which utilizes them.
- the cooling device for the gases is constituted by two tube bundles 29 disposed respectively along the lateral walls 4.
- the tube bundles 29 are disposed in distribution chambers 31 extending from the double wall 16 (FIG.
- thecha'mbers 31 are limited by a partition 32 which maybe formedin part of a refractory, metallic or ceramic sheathing laid on, or fitted to, the external tubes of the bundle.
- a partition 32 which maybe formedin part of a refractory, metallic or ceramic sheathing laid on, or fitted to, the external tubes of the bundle.
- Above and below the chambers-31 are closed by the headers 7 and 30, respectively, gas-tightness between these collectors being ensured by refractory packings 33 and 34 (FIG. 2).
- the chambers 31 are open towards the front, the partitions 32 terminating a short distance from the front casing 15 of the envelope, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the partitions 32 are pierced with openings 35. These openings can be more or less sealed by valves 36 operable from the outside by handwheels 37, with the object of diverting towards the main gas outlet of the apparatus (i.e. the flue 28) a portion of the combustion gases at a higher temperature than that which is obtained in the main flow of the combustion gases at the downstream end of the cooling bundles 29.
- This provides a second means for regulating the temperature of the gases issuing from the apparatus (the first being provided by the valve 23).
- the above-described arrangement of the apparatus enables the apparatus to be subjected to raised operating pressures. In addition it ensures a rapid raising of the apparatus tothe working temperature and 'the dew point of the gases.
- the internal surface of the envelope is practically at the same temperature everywhere.
- the whole of the exchanger is placed in the envelope with the exception of some service pipes, namely a pipe 38 connected to the lower headers 6 and a pipe 39 coming from the main shell 8 (FIG. 1). Due to this, expansions can take place without restriction, without it being necessary to provide any special devices which might interruptthe homogeneity of the temperature of the walls and so expose them to the risk of cracking and corrosion.
- the main shell 8 which is fed with water fromoutside by a feed pipe 40 (FIG. 1), is connected to the lower headers 6. by means of conduits 41 situated towards the ends of the envelope 1 on each side of the furnace (FIG. 3). These conduits 41 also assist in providing mechanical stability to the exchanger assembly.
- the steam produced is led away through the upper pipe 39.
- the assembly may be evacuated or purged through the lower pipe 38.
- a super-heater 42'having its'heat exchange tubes in communication with the'steam space of the main shell 8 is interposed'between two groups of tubes of the bundles 29.
- the super-heater discharges into a header 43 from which the super-heated steam is led by a pipe 44 (FIG. 1
- the two regulating devices described above may be used separately or simultaneously.
- the first regulating device which .is constituted by the pipe 22 and the valve 23 and by means of which it is possible to inject directly into the combustion gases leaving the apparatus a portion of the gases from the combustion chamber, permits large variations of the outlet temperature of the combustion gases due to the large differences of temperature and pressure which exist between the two spaces placed in communication by this first regulating device.
- the second regulating device formed by the valves 36 situated in the path of the gases in the tube bundles 29, permits much finer temperature regulation of the combustion gases since the differences of temperatures and of pressures between the spaces placed in communication with one another are smaller.
- the invention may be applied. to the productionof gases of all kinds by exothermic reaction and in particular by combustion of solid, liquid or gaseous materials, for example hydrogen sulphide, muds or sludges from hydrocarbon refineries, etc. It finds a particularly interesting utilization as regards the production of sulphurous gases obtained by the direct combustion of sulphur.
- the partition means having an opening for allowing passage of gas from said combustion chamber into said lateral chamber, and tubular means within said lateral chamber for circulation of acooling fluid for lowering the temperature of gas before it escapes through said outlet.
- tubular means comprises an upper shell, and lower headers, with tube bundles connecting said shell and said lower headers.
- combustion chamber comprises opposite sidewalls formed by said tubes and refractory materials fitted between said tubes, a lateral chamber being located adjacent to each of said sidewalls.
- the apparatus of claim 3 including adjustable means for controlling the communication of gases between the combustion chamber and the outlet, for regulating the outlet temperature of gases produced in the apparatus.
- the apparatus of claim 2 additionally comprising at least one superheater associated with at least one of said tube bundles.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7144679A FR2164970A5 (xx) | 1971-12-13 | 1971-12-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3815553A true US3815553A (en) | 1974-06-11 |
Family
ID=9087357
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00312224A Expired - Lifetime US3815553A (en) | 1971-12-13 | 1972-12-04 | Apparatus for the production of gas |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3815553A (xx) |
JP (1) | JPS4866564A (xx) |
AR (1) | AR193908A1 (xx) |
AU (1) | AU472955B2 (xx) |
BE (1) | BE792627A (xx) |
BR (1) | BR7208731D0 (xx) |
CA (1) | CA970232A (xx) |
DE (1) | DE2260362A1 (xx) |
EG (1) | EG10858A (xx) |
ES (1) | ES409527A1 (xx) |
FR (1) | FR2164970A5 (xx) |
GB (1) | GB1403615A (xx) |
IL (1) | IL41007A (xx) |
IT (1) | IT971330B (xx) |
NL (1) | NL7216735A (xx) |
PL (1) | PL85179B1 (xx) |
RO (1) | RO66077A (xx) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0669390A2 (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1995-08-30 | Kemira Kemi Aktiebolag | Combustion of sulphur |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2257426C3 (de) * | 1972-11-23 | 1982-10-21 | Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von SO 62°-haltigen Gasen |
JPS62278108A (ja) * | 1986-05-27 | 1987-12-03 | シイ−アイ−エル・インコ−ポレイテツド | 硫黄燃焼炉およびボイラ複合装置 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2342148A (en) * | 1939-06-10 | 1944-02-22 | Foster Wheeler Corp | Vapor generator |
US2631932A (en) * | 1953-03-17 | Sheetsxsheet i | ||
US2672849A (en) * | 1949-12-16 | 1954-03-23 | Hydrocarbon Research Inc | Synthesis gas generator |
US3153402A (en) * | 1962-10-22 | 1964-10-20 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Steam generator |
US3392710A (en) * | 1967-06-07 | 1968-07-16 | Foster Wheeler Corp | Combined combustor screen and gas flow distributor |
US3723068A (en) * | 1970-12-14 | 1973-03-27 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Apparatus for the preparation of sulfur dioxide |
-
0
- BE BE792627D patent/BE792627A/xx unknown
-
1971
- 1971-12-13 FR FR7144679A patent/FR2164970A5/fr not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-11-29 IT IT32232/72A patent/IT971330B/it active
- 1972-12-04 US US00312224A patent/US3815553A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-12-05 CA CA158,131A patent/CA970232A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-05 IL IL41007A patent/IL41007A/xx unknown
- 1972-12-06 AR AR245511A patent/AR193908A1/es active
- 1972-12-07 AU AU49777/72A patent/AU472955B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-08 NL NL7216735A patent/NL7216735A/xx unknown
- 1972-12-09 PL PL1972159424A patent/PL85179B1/pl unknown
- 1972-12-09 DE DE2260362A patent/DE2260362A1/de active Pending
- 1972-12-10 EG EG508/72A patent/EG10858A/xx active
- 1972-12-11 BR BR8731/72A patent/BR7208731D0/pt unknown
- 1972-12-12 GB GB5725572A patent/GB1403615A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-12 ES ES409527A patent/ES409527A1/es not_active Expired
- 1972-12-13 RO RO7273138A patent/RO66077A/ro unknown
- 1972-12-13 JP JP47124478A patent/JPS4866564A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2631932A (en) * | 1953-03-17 | Sheetsxsheet i | ||
US2342148A (en) * | 1939-06-10 | 1944-02-22 | Foster Wheeler Corp | Vapor generator |
US2672849A (en) * | 1949-12-16 | 1954-03-23 | Hydrocarbon Research Inc | Synthesis gas generator |
US3153402A (en) * | 1962-10-22 | 1964-10-20 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Steam generator |
US3392710A (en) * | 1967-06-07 | 1968-07-16 | Foster Wheeler Corp | Combined combustor screen and gas flow distributor |
US3723068A (en) * | 1970-12-14 | 1973-03-27 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Apparatus for the preparation of sulfur dioxide |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0669390A2 (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1995-08-30 | Kemira Kemi Aktiebolag | Combustion of sulphur |
EP0669390A3 (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1996-03-27 | Kemira Kemi Ab | Sulfur combustion. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU4977772A (en) | 1974-06-13 |
EG10858A (en) | 1976-07-31 |
ES409527A1 (es) | 1975-11-16 |
NL7216735A (xx) | 1973-06-15 |
AU472955B2 (en) | 1976-06-10 |
CA970232A (en) | 1975-07-01 |
GB1403615A (en) | 1975-08-28 |
IT971330B (it) | 1974-04-30 |
AR193908A1 (es) | 1973-05-31 |
JPS4866564A (xx) | 1973-09-12 |
IL41007A0 (en) | 1973-02-28 |
BE792627A (fr) | 1973-06-12 |
PL85179B1 (xx) | 1976-04-30 |
FR2164970A5 (xx) | 1973-08-03 |
RO66077A (ro) | 1980-01-15 |
IL41007A (en) | 1975-08-31 |
BR7208731D0 (pt) | 1973-09-25 |
DE2260362A1 (de) | 1973-06-28 |
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