US3813229A - Process for the production of a reducing gas for blast furnace - Google Patents
Process for the production of a reducing gas for blast furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3813229A US3813229A US00177630A US17763071A US3813229A US 3813229 A US3813229 A US 3813229A US 00177630 A US00177630 A US 00177630A US 17763071 A US17763071 A US 17763071A US 3813229 A US3813229 A US 3813229A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- blast furnace
- reducing gas
- production
- air
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 74
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 43
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical class [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process for the production of a reducing gas for use in a blast furnace said process comprising separately preheating a hydrocarbon fuel and separately preheating the supporter of combustion to be used in the partial combustion furnace where the reducing gas is produced to a temperature in the range of 800-l500 C.; feeding the preheated supporter of combustion to the partial combustion furnace together with the fuel which has been preheated to at least 600 C.; cooling, if necessary, the obtained gases to a temperature suitable for introduction into the blast furnace and; feeding the gases to the blast furnace.
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of a reducing gas for blast furnaces.
- the present invention relates to an extremely advantageous process for the production of a reducing gas which can be used in blast furnaces, said process making it possible to obtain a gas of very high quality from the metallurgical point of view.
- a very important requirement in the metallurgical field is that of reducing as much as possible the coke consumption in the blast furnace.
- the heat necessary for the heat balance is obtained by oxidizing a part of the coke to CO with air (highly exothermic reaction), while the reduction of the iron oxides is effected both directly by the coke in the high temperature zone (highly endothermic reaction) and by the CO produced in the medium temperature zone (slightly exothermic reaction). It is obvious that having set the preheating of the burning air, the amounts of air and coke necessary for the thermal balance of the blast furnace are defined.
- the temperature be of about 900- 1000 C. and that the content of CO +H O be as low as possible, the degree of exploitation of the reducing gas being connected just to the H 0 and C0 content of the same.
- the degree of exploitation of the same gas is low in the sense that, for some values of the partial pressure of the two gases in the gaseous mixture, the whole mass of the reducing gas passes unchanged through the blast furnace.
- a reducing gas starting for instance from methane as raw material, can be effected essentially according to the following process:
- the steam reforming process is the process, at present, more economical for the production of hydrogen starting from CH or a light gasoline.
- the process of partial combustion with oxygen is particularly suitable for the gasification of heavy liquid fuels.
- the working temperature is generally comprised in the range of from 1200" C. to 1400" C. and the produced gas may be introduced, after a slight cooling, directly into the blast furnace, even if its not negligible H 0 and CO content lowers its yield.
- the oxidation reaction, for instance, of methane to CO is slightly exothermic but the developed heat is not willcient to bring the combustion products to the desired temperature, which will be reached only by burning a part of the methane to CO and H 0.
- the high preheating of the reactants allows the reducing of the part of CH, which is completely burnt.
- a content of CO +H O equal to about 7% or higher is obtained, however.
- Said H O+CO content is due, as said, to the necessity of bringing the products of the partial combustion to the desired temperature; furthermore it is due to the loss of heat and to the possible endothermic cracking reactions of the fuel with production of carbon black; all this involves an increase of the amount of fuel which must be completely burnt and therefore an increase of H O+CO content in the reducing gas.
- Said concentration can be remarkably reduced when the preheating of the fuel and of the supporter of combustion is brought to such levels that the amount of fuel completely burnt is lowered.
- hydrocarbons as for example methane, virgin naphtha fuel oil and the like
- the preheating to temperatures close to the ones of the combustion furnace allowed by the particular preheating system of the present invention or by another system involves and con temporaneously allows the use of air, since the presence of the inert N does not influence, or influences marginally, the thermal balance of the reactor and therefore the CO +H O content, thus avoiding the drawbacks connected with the use of oxygen.
- the air necessary for the production of the reducing gas is generally preheated to temperatures ranging from 800 C. to 1500 C. (preferably from 1200 C. to 1400 C.) in conventional Cowper regenerators well known in the metallurgical art.
- Said preheating may be effected in the same Cowper regenerators used for preheating the air sent to the bottom of the blast furnace, deriving then the burning air, possibly enriched with O necessary for the partial combustion; or Cowper regenerators different from the ones of the blast furnace may be provided, said last regenerators working obviously always in the same well known manner.
- the air preheated and possibly enriched with oxygen is fed to the partial combustion reactor together with the fuel equally preheated within the limits and with known methods.
- the preheating temperature of the burning air be higher than or equal to that of the partial combustion reactor, the previously established operative range being always the same.
- the reducing gas which may contain carbon black, is generally at a temperature higher than the one it must have at the introduction into the blast furnace (about 1000 C.); therefore said gas must be cooled.
- the cooling may be effected by making the gas pass within the boiler producing steam or, according to the process of the present invention, by a quench with coke-oven gas, hydrogen rich and easily available in a steel plant, or by quench with CH, which, during cracking, absorbs heat and produces hydrogen and carbon black, both of which are used in the blast furnace.
- the so cooled reducing gas is introduced into the blast furnace.
- An interesting possible realization of the process according to the present invention is the one wherein the pre-heating of the burning air is effected as already described with the difference that the partial combustion is effected not in an apparatus separate from the blast furnace but in a series of tuyeres, or more properly of burners, placed inside the blast furnace at its bottom; in this last case, the temperature regulation of the reducing gases may be effected, if necessary, by a convenient injection into the blast furnace of a cool gas, for example coke-oven gas.
- a cool gas for example coke-oven gas.
- Cowper regenerators are used for preheating the air introduced into the blast furnace and furthermore the Cowper regenerators used for preheating the air introduced into the blast furnace are also used for preheating the burning air to be fed to the partial combustion furnace.
- the air or the air enriched with oxygen enters the working Cowper regenerator 2 through 1, while the other Cowper regenerator 3 is in regeneration (both the working Cowper regenerator and the one in regeneration may be more than one or, as already said, two distinct Cowper batteries may be provided, the one for preheating the air to be fed directly into the blast furnace and the other one for preheating the burning air to be fed to the partial combustion).
- the air flowing through 4 preheated to temperatures close to the ones of the partial combustion, is divided in two streams: the one which enters the blast furnace directly through 5, the air mainfold 6 and the duct 7; the other one which enters the partial combustion furnace 9 through 8 whereto also the already preheated fuel is fed through 10.
- the produced reducing gas leaves the furnace 9 through 11, is cooled in 12 and enters the bottom of shaft 16 through 13, 14 and 15.
- FIG. 2 apparatus is shown wherein the burners 21, directly inserted in the blast furnace, are used.
- FIG. 3 apparatus is shown wherein the gases leaving the partial combustion furnace 9 are cooled by quench with a gas fed through 19, said gas being for instance a coke-oven gas.
- the indicated values refer to the production of 1000 kg. of cast iron.
- This gas was passed through the boiler 12 wherein it was cooled down to 1000 C. and then it was introduced into the blast furnace.
- the carbon black content being of 7.75 grams per Nm. of gas.
- Said gas was fed to the blast furnace.
- a process for the production of a reducing gas for a blast furnace having a combined H 0 and CO content of less than 5% which comprises separately preheating methane to a temperature of 600 C. and separately preheating air to a temperature in the range of 800-1500 C., feeding the preheated air and the methane to a partial combustion furnace and thereafter passing said reducing gas for a blast furnace to a blast furnace.
- a process for the production of a reducing gas for a blast furnace having a combined H 0 and CO content of less than 5% which comprises separately preheating a hydrocarbon fuel to a temperature of at least 600 C., and separately preheating a supporter for combustion selected from the group consisting of air and air enriched with oxygen to a temperature in the range of 800-1500 C., feeding the preheated supporter of combustion and the hydrocarbon fuel to a partial combustion furnace and thereafter passing said reducing gas for a blast furnace to a blast furnace.
- Process for the production of a reducing gas for a blast furnace as claimed in claim 2 characterized in that the air that is fed to the partial combustion furnace is preheated to a temperature in the range from 1200 C. to 1400 C.
- Process for the production of a reducing gas for a blast furnace as claimed in claim 2 characterized in that the gases leaving the partial combustion furnace are cooled by making said reducing gas for a blast furnace flow through a boiler for the production of steam prior to passing said reducing gas for a blast furnace to a blast furnace.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2930070 | 1970-09-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3813229A true US3813229A (en) | 1974-05-28 |
Family
ID=11226717
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00177630A Expired - Lifetime US3813229A (en) | 1970-09-03 | 1971-09-03 | Process for the production of a reducing gas for blast furnace |
Country Status (19)
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3912502A (en) * | 1973-01-16 | 1975-10-14 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Method of preparing reducing gas |
| US6908297B2 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2005-06-21 | Rohm And Haas Company | Hydrogen-fueled flare system |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2437914C2 (ru) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-12-27 | Приватное акционерное общество "Донецксталь"-металлургический завод" | Способ получения восстановительного газа из твердых продуктов пиролиза угля |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB872062A (en) * | 1957-12-26 | 1961-07-05 | Texaco Development Corp | Ore reduction process and apparatus |
| FR1320524A (fr) * | 1961-04-26 | 1963-03-08 | Salzgitter Huettenwerk Ag | Procédé d'exploitation de hauts fourneaux |
| FR1438019A (fr) * | 1965-06-28 | 1966-05-06 | Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk | Dispositif d'insufflation d'hydrocarbures dans un four à cuve tel qu'un haut fourneau |
-
1971
- 1971-08-27 YU YU2200/71A patent/YU34595B/xx unknown
- 1971-08-31 ZA ZA715825A patent/ZA715825B/xx unknown
- 1971-08-31 BE BE771980A patent/BE771980A/xx unknown
- 1971-09-01 PL PL1971150298A patent/PL82215B1/pl unknown
- 1971-09-02 LU LU63832D patent/LU63832A1/xx unknown
- 1971-09-02 ES ES395109A patent/ES395109A1/es not_active Expired
- 1971-09-02 TR TR17898A patent/TR17898A/xx unknown
- 1971-09-02 SE SE11148/71A patent/SE370061B/xx unknown
- 1971-09-02 AT AT766171A patent/AT337653B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-09-02 HU HUSA2233A patent/HU165999B/hu unknown
- 1971-09-02 GB GB4108871A patent/GB1361446A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-09-02 CS CS6303A patent/CS168002B2/cs unknown
- 1971-09-02 DE DE2144098A patent/DE2144098C3/de not_active Expired
- 1971-09-02 CA CA122,034A patent/CA944956A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-09-03 JP JP6754371A patent/JPS5440484B1/ja active Pending
- 1971-09-03 US US00177630A patent/US3813229A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-09-03 RO RO7100068112A patent/RO63591A/ro unknown
- 1971-09-03 NL NLAANVRAGE7112195,A patent/NL173069C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-09-03 FR FR7131846A patent/FR2105226B1/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3912502A (en) * | 1973-01-16 | 1975-10-14 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Method of preparing reducing gas |
| US6908297B2 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2005-06-21 | Rohm And Haas Company | Hydrogen-fueled flare system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HU165999B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-12-28 |
| BE771980A (fr) | 1971-12-31 |
| AT337653B (de) | 1977-07-11 |
| YU34595B (en) | 1979-10-31 |
| DE2144098C3 (de) | 1975-12-04 |
| DE2144098A1 (de) | 1972-03-16 |
| JPS5440484B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1979-12-04 |
| CA944956A (en) | 1974-04-09 |
| PL82215B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-10-31 |
| ES395109A1 (es) | 1974-11-16 |
| TR17898A (tr) | 1976-11-01 |
| GB1361446A (en) | 1974-07-24 |
| ZA715825B (en) | 1972-05-31 |
| FR2105226A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-04-28 |
| RO63591A (fr) | 1978-08-15 |
| SE370061B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-09-30 |
| YU220071A (en) | 1979-04-30 |
| AU3258371A (en) | 1973-02-22 |
| NL7112195A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-03-07 |
| FR2105226B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-10-11 |
| DE2144098B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-04-30 |
| NL173069B (nl) | 1983-07-01 |
| ATA766171A (de) | 1976-11-15 |
| LU63832A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-01-11 |
| CS168002B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1976-05-28 |
| NL173069C (nl) | 1983-12-01 |
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