CA1069699A - Producing hot reducing gas - Google Patents
Producing hot reducing gasInfo
- Publication number
- CA1069699A CA1069699A CA226,663A CA226663A CA1069699A CA 1069699 A CA1069699 A CA 1069699A CA 226663 A CA226663 A CA 226663A CA 1069699 A CA1069699 A CA 1069699A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- fuel
- hydrocarbonaceous
- reducing gas
- high temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B5/002—Heated electrically (plasma)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/342—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents with the aid of electrical means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, or particle radiations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/346—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using heat generated by superheated steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Hot reducing gas (e.g. at 1000 to 1100°C) suitable for use in reducing oxidic ores is produced by reforming and partially oxidizing a fluid hydrocarbonaceous fuel (e.g. fuel oil) with a gaseous oxidant (e.g. oxygen or H20) in a plasma medium at approximately 2000°C, to form a high temperature gas comprising a major pro-portion of C0 and H2 and a minor proportion of C02 and H20, and then adding a hydrocarbonaceous gas (e.g.
CH4) to the high temperature gas so that further reforming reactions occur which reduce the proportion of C02 and H20.
Hot reducing gas (e.g. at 1000 to 1100°C) suitable for use in reducing oxidic ores is produced by reforming and partially oxidizing a fluid hydrocarbonaceous fuel (e.g. fuel oil) with a gaseous oxidant (e.g. oxygen or H20) in a plasma medium at approximately 2000°C, to form a high temperature gas comprising a major pro-portion of C0 and H2 and a minor proportion of C02 and H20, and then adding a hydrocarbonaceous gas (e.g.
CH4) to the high temperature gas so that further reforming reactions occur which reduce the proportion of C02 and H20.
Description
10~9699 ~he present invention relates to a me-tho'd of producing hot reducing gas which mainly comprises CO a~d H2 ~d is desi~ned to be used in reducing oxidic ores a~d particularly iron ores either directly or by injecting the reducing gas into a shaft furnace such as a blast furnace.
- It is kno~m to obtain hot reducing gas ~rom hydrocarbo-naceous fuels ~hich are caused to undergo partial oxidation, catalytic reforming in the presence of steam, or pyrolisis.
More recentl~, it has been suggested to produce reducing gas by means of a plasma medium. Reforming reactions are assisted by the high temperatures to which th0 gas is thus brou~ht. Such a way of proceeding has the advantage of obtaining minimally oxidized mixtures of CO and H2, i.e.
mixtures containing very small quantities of C02 and H20~
practically with no formation of soot (non~oxidized carbon from decomposition of the fuel).
Other methods, i.e. methods without a plasma medium~
do not easily produce such gas mixtures, without the latte~
undergoing very high temperatures of the order of 2000C.
~ese reducing gas may be used, in principle, in ore reducing processes, particularly for reducing iron ores, either in a blast furnace or according to a direct reduction process.
Rowever, in a number of cases, and particularly in the two cases referred to above of direct reduction of iron oxides or of injection into the shaft of a blast furnace, it is suggested to use reducing gas whose temperature is not higher than 1000C to 1100C.
What is required is a method which allows this object ' ' .~ ' ' ' ' '' , .
to be attained by modifying the technique of producing reducing gas by means of a plasma medium in su.ch a way as to keep its advantages, that is low oxidation level and small quantity of soot, which results in a decrease in its temperature do~m to a esired level with no need for specifically cooling it, i.e. by removing heat.
It is a well-known fact that, when a mixture of hydrocarbonaceous fuel and supporter of combustion is fed to a zone at very high temperature (e.g. 2000C) reforming reactions such as C~4 + C02 ~ 2 C0 + 2 H2 CE4 + H20 > C0 + 3 E2
- It is kno~m to obtain hot reducing gas ~rom hydrocarbo-naceous fuels ~hich are caused to undergo partial oxidation, catalytic reforming in the presence of steam, or pyrolisis.
More recentl~, it has been suggested to produce reducing gas by means of a plasma medium. Reforming reactions are assisted by the high temperatures to which th0 gas is thus brou~ht. Such a way of proceeding has the advantage of obtaining minimally oxidized mixtures of CO and H2, i.e.
mixtures containing very small quantities of C02 and H20~
practically with no formation of soot (non~oxidized carbon from decomposition of the fuel).
Other methods, i.e. methods without a plasma medium~
do not easily produce such gas mixtures, without the latte~
undergoing very high temperatures of the order of 2000C.
~ese reducing gas may be used, in principle, in ore reducing processes, particularly for reducing iron ores, either in a blast furnace or according to a direct reduction process.
Rowever, in a number of cases, and particularly in the two cases referred to above of direct reduction of iron oxides or of injection into the shaft of a blast furnace, it is suggested to use reducing gas whose temperature is not higher than 1000C to 1100C.
What is required is a method which allows this object ' ' .~ ' ' ' ' '' , .
to be attained by modifying the technique of producing reducing gas by means of a plasma medium in su.ch a way as to keep its advantages, that is low oxidation level and small quantity of soot, which results in a decrease in its temperature do~m to a esired level with no need for specifically cooling it, i.e. by removing heat.
It is a well-known fact that, when a mixture of hydrocarbonaceous fuel and supporter of combustion is fed to a zone at very high temperature (e.g. 2000C) reforming reactions such as C~4 + C02 ~ 2 C0 + 2 H2 CE4 + H20 > C0 + 3 E2
2 C$4 + 2 ~ 2 C0 + 4 H2 easily take place in the direction indicated, without the need for a catalyst~
~he present invention provides a method of producing 'I hot reducing gas which mainly comprises C0 and H2 and is suitable for use in reducing oxidic ores, comprising the sequential steps of:
(a) reforming and partially oxidizing a fluid hydro-. carbonaceous fuel by reacting the fuel with a gaseous . oxidant in a plasma medium at appro~imately 2000C, whereby a high temperature gas comprising a major pro-portion of C0 and H2 and a minor proportion of C02 and H20 is formed; and (b) adding a hydrocarbonaceous gas to the high temperature gas, whereby further reactions occur which reduce the proportion of C02 a d E20. ~he hot reducing gas produced is preferably at a temperature of 1000C
to 1100C.
.
: r ~
. ~ ,.
' . ' " ~ . " ' ' ' " ' ' ' ' ' :
., " ' ` 1069699 j The fuel and the gaceous oxidant may advantageously be pre-heated. ~:
~he gaseous oxidant may comprise steam, C02, pure ox~gen, or air; ~r residual or non-residual reducing gas comprising an excess of oxygen in the fo~m of C02 and H20; or blast-furnace throat-gas; or gas from a direct reduction furnace; or fumes recovered at the outlet of a combustion furnace (for example fumes from cowpers).
As far as the fuel is concerned, it is possible to use a liquid or gaseous (e..g. natural gas) hydrocarbon, or a gas (such as gas from a coke furnace) including .
C0, H2, and CH4 in sufficient quantities to react with the gaseous oxidant.
EXA~IE
Fuel oil was reacted with oxygen and water in a plasma medium at about 2000C, in the following proportions:- -1 kg fuel oil : 1 Nm3/02 : 0.18 kg H20, which gave rise to a gas (at 2000C) wnose composition was H20, 15%; H2, 36%; C02, 3%; C0, 46%. For each kilogre~me of fuel oil, 3.3 ~m3 of g3~ were produoed.
, ~ 3 . - .
.1 ~ ` ' ' ` '.
' .
Methane (CII,;) wa,s added to the gas (0.5 Nm3 C~ per kilogramme of f~el oil) and the resulting gas (after reforming reactions had taken place) had the composition :
X20~ 3.6%., H2, 49.6%~ C02 1.4%~ C0, 42.2%~ CH4, 3.2%-This gas was at 1100C and was produced at the rate of 4.5 Nm3 per kilogramme of fuel oil.
, .
.
~he present invention provides a method of producing 'I hot reducing gas which mainly comprises C0 and H2 and is suitable for use in reducing oxidic ores, comprising the sequential steps of:
(a) reforming and partially oxidizing a fluid hydro-. carbonaceous fuel by reacting the fuel with a gaseous . oxidant in a plasma medium at appro~imately 2000C, whereby a high temperature gas comprising a major pro-portion of C0 and H2 and a minor proportion of C02 and H20 is formed; and (b) adding a hydrocarbonaceous gas to the high temperature gas, whereby further reactions occur which reduce the proportion of C02 a d E20. ~he hot reducing gas produced is preferably at a temperature of 1000C
to 1100C.
.
: r ~
. ~ ,.
' . ' " ~ . " ' ' ' " ' ' ' ' ' :
., " ' ` 1069699 j The fuel and the gaceous oxidant may advantageously be pre-heated. ~:
~he gaseous oxidant may comprise steam, C02, pure ox~gen, or air; ~r residual or non-residual reducing gas comprising an excess of oxygen in the fo~m of C02 and H20; or blast-furnace throat-gas; or gas from a direct reduction furnace; or fumes recovered at the outlet of a combustion furnace (for example fumes from cowpers).
As far as the fuel is concerned, it is possible to use a liquid or gaseous (e..g. natural gas) hydrocarbon, or a gas (such as gas from a coke furnace) including .
C0, H2, and CH4 in sufficient quantities to react with the gaseous oxidant.
EXA~IE
Fuel oil was reacted with oxygen and water in a plasma medium at about 2000C, in the following proportions:- -1 kg fuel oil : 1 Nm3/02 : 0.18 kg H20, which gave rise to a gas (at 2000C) wnose composition was H20, 15%; H2, 36%; C02, 3%; C0, 46%. For each kilogre~me of fuel oil, 3.3 ~m3 of g3~ were produoed.
, ~ 3 . - .
.1 ~ ` ' ' ` '.
' .
Methane (CII,;) wa,s added to the gas (0.5 Nm3 C~ per kilogramme of f~el oil) and the resulting gas (after reforming reactions had taken place) had the composition :
X20~ 3.6%., H2, 49.6%~ C02 1.4%~ C0, 42.2%~ CH4, 3.2%-This gas was at 1100C and was produced at the rate of 4.5 Nm3 per kilogramme of fuel oil.
, .
.
Claims (7)
1. A method of producing hot reducing gas which mainly comprises CO and H2 and is suitable for use in reducing oxidic ores, comprising the sequential steps of:
(a) reforming and partially oxidizing a fluid hydrocarbonaceous fuel by reacting the fuel with a gaseous oxidant in a plasma medium at approximately 2000°C, whereby a high temperature gas comprising a major proportion of CO and H2 and a minor proportion of CO2 and H2O is formed; and (b) adding a hydrocarbonaceous gas to the high temperature gas, whereby further reactions occur which reduce the proportion of CO2 and H2O.
(a) reforming and partially oxidizing a fluid hydrocarbonaceous fuel by reacting the fuel with a gaseous oxidant in a plasma medium at approximately 2000°C, whereby a high temperature gas comprising a major proportion of CO and H2 and a minor proportion of CO2 and H2O is formed; and (b) adding a hydrocarbonaceous gas to the high temperature gas, whereby further reactions occur which reduce the proportion of CO2 and H2O.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, in which the hot reducing gas is at 1000 to 1100°C.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, in which the fuel and the gaseous oxidant are pre-heated.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, in which the gaseous oxidant comprises steam, CO2, or oxygen.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, in which the fuel comprises a liquid hydrocarbon.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, in which the fuel is fuel oil.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1, in which the hydrocarbonaceous gas is methane.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE6044582A BE814899A (en) | 1974-05-10 | 1974-05-10 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING HOT REDUCING GAS. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1069699A true CA1069699A (en) | 1980-01-15 |
Family
ID=3874578
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA226,663A Expired CA1069699A (en) | 1974-05-10 | 1975-05-09 | Producing hot reducing gas |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS50155494A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE814899A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1069699A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2519526A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2270202B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1457862A (en) |
| LU (1) | LU72440A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7505143A (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1147964A (en) * | 1979-05-25 | 1983-06-14 | Francis J. Ii Harvey | Process for reducing spent gas generated in the production of sponge iron |
| SE434676B (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1984-08-06 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | SET AND DEVICE FOR HEATING OF INDUSTRIAL ENDAL PROCESS AIR |
| FR2500479B1 (en) * | 1981-02-26 | 1986-01-17 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING IRON SPONGE |
| FR2500480B1 (en) * | 1981-02-26 | 1985-12-13 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING IRON SPONGE |
| SE434650B (en) * | 1982-06-09 | 1984-08-06 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | SEE USE OF PLASM MAGAZINE TO RAISE THE BLESTER TEMPERATURE IN A SHAKT OVEN |
| SE435998B (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1984-11-05 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | KIT FOR HEATING OF PROCESS AIR FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES |
| LU85585A1 (en) * | 1983-10-12 | 1985-04-02 | Centre Rech Metallurgique | PROCESS FOR INJECTING REDUCING GAS IN THE BLAST FURNACE |
| US4606761A (en) * | 1983-11-29 | 1986-08-19 | Union Steel Corp. (of So. Africa) Ltd. | Reduction of metal compounds |
| FR2573437B1 (en) * | 1984-11-21 | 1989-09-15 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | PROCESS FOR THE CONDUCT OF A BLAST FURNACE, ESPECIALLY A STEEL BLAST |
| SE8501005L (en) * | 1985-03-01 | 1986-09-02 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | THERMAL REFORM OF THE GAS SHOULDER |
| SE457355B (en) * | 1985-09-25 | 1988-12-19 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | MAKE SURE TO PREPARE A CLEAN, CARBON OXIDE AND GAS GAS INCLUDING GAS |
| SE457264B (en) * | 1985-09-25 | 1988-12-12 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | SAVE TO CLEAN COOK Oven |
| FR2593493B1 (en) * | 1986-01-28 | 1988-04-15 | British Petroleum Co | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE GASES RICH IN HYDROGEN AND CARBON OXIDE IN AN ELECTRIC POST-ARC |
| DE19739181A1 (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 1999-03-11 | Abb Research Ltd | Discharge reactor and use of the same |
| DE19757936B4 (en) * | 1997-12-27 | 2005-08-25 | Abb Research Ltd. | Process for producing a H2-CO gas mixture |
| LU101210B1 (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-11-16 | Wurth Paul Sa | Method for operating a metallurgical furnace |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD28565A (en) * | ||||
| DE974763C (en) * | 1950-12-23 | 1961-04-20 | Didier Werke Ag | Process for the production of hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases from methane or similar hydrocarbons |
| FR2098026A5 (en) * | 1970-06-30 | 1972-03-03 | Rech Metal Centre | Injecting hot reducing gas into a blast furn- - ace |
| SE371453C (en) * | 1973-03-26 | 1978-01-23 | Skf Ind Trading & Dev | KIT FOR PRODUCTION OF REDUCTION GAS |
-
1974
- 1974-05-10 BE BE6044582A patent/BE814899A/en unknown
-
1975
- 1975-04-30 FR FR7514248A patent/FR2270202B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1975-05-01 NL NL7505143A patent/NL7505143A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-05-02 DE DE19752519526 patent/DE2519526A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1975-05-09 GB GB1959975A patent/GB1457862A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-05-09 LU LU72440A patent/LU72440A1/xx unknown
- 1975-05-09 CA CA226,663A patent/CA1069699A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-05-09 JP JP50055863A patent/JPS50155494A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1457862A (en) | 1976-12-08 |
| FR2270202B1 (en) | 1979-03-16 |
| FR2270202A1 (en) | 1975-12-05 |
| DE2519526A1 (en) | 1975-11-20 |
| JPS50155494A (en) | 1975-12-15 |
| NL7505143A (en) | 1975-11-12 |
| BE814899A (en) | 1974-11-12 |
| LU72440A1 (en) | 1975-08-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |