US3812908A - Heat transferring device - Google Patents

Heat transferring device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3812908A
US3812908A US00256579A US25657972A US3812908A US 3812908 A US3812908 A US 3812908A US 00256579 A US00256579 A US 00256579A US 25657972 A US25657972 A US 25657972A US 3812908 A US3812908 A US 3812908A
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Prior art keywords
capillary structure
inner tube
tube
space
outer tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00256579A
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P Coville
A Laurencier
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 Applicable notably to isothermal oven.
  • the present invention relates to a heat transferring device of the type known under the name of heat pipe.
  • Said devices comprise an closed space containing a small quantity of a liquid which is capable of evaporation.
  • Heating means applied locally to the said space produce the evaporation of a part of the liquid.
  • a quantity of energy equivalent to the heat of evaporation is taken along by the vapour throughout the length of the space, the vapour condensing and giving off its heat of evaporation on the surfaces which are at a temperature lower than that of the surface of evaporation.
  • the condensed liquid is brought back, due to gravity or by capillarity, in the zone of evaporation.
  • the walls of the space may be covered on the inside with a capillary structure in which the liquid is transported due to capillary forces.
  • the heating means are always on the outside. Consequently these devices have relatively large dimensions, whilst the heating means can easily be damaged.
  • the heating means are inside the space and covered with a capillary structure in contact with the liquid to be evaporated.
  • the liquid is distributed through the capillary structure throughout the surface of the heating element.
  • the return of the liquid toward the heating means may be augmented by capillary communication means which connect the capillary structure to the side wall of the space.
  • At least'one capillary bridge is provided between the capillary structure and the side wall of the space.
  • a rod covered with a capillary system extends to at least a part of the length of the space, between the capillary structure and the side wall,
  • a second capillary structure is provided throughout the length of the space on at least a part of the side wall.
  • the heating element is constituted by a screened cable which is wound around the inner tube.
  • the heating means 1 inside the space A extends throughout the length or to a part of the length of the said space. It may be constituted by an electric heating element or by any other heating system known per se such as a gas burner, chemical reaction, and so on, inside an envelope.
  • the heating means 1 is covered with a capillary structure 3 in contact with the liqiid 4 to be evaporated in such manner as to permit the flow of said liquid in the structure 3.
  • capillary bridges 5 are arranged at a distance from each other connecting the capillary structure 3 to the side wall of the space.
  • a rod of material compatible with the liquid and on which a capillary system 7 is present is arranged between the heating means I and the side wall 2 in contact with these. As the rod 6 extends throughout the length of the space the return of the liquid towards the heating means will be best ensured.
  • the heating means 1 is eccentrically arranged, in contact with the side wall.
  • a second capillary structure 8 is also shown which is arranged (for example fixed by spotwelding) throughout the length of the space on a part of the wall (for example, according to a generatrix). Said second capillary structure permits of using the device even if the heating means is located at a point at the top of the device.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show various arrangements of the evaporation zone of isothermal ovens for which the space A is defined by an outer tube 9 and an inner tube 10.
  • the cross-section may be, for example, circular or rectangular.
  • the inner tube 10 is coaxially arranged with the outer tube 9 and preferably covered by second capillary structure 11.
  • a screened heating cable 12 itself covered with capillary structure 13 is wound on at least a part of the inner tube 10.
  • the connection to the outer tube 9 is ensured by the capillary bridges 14 arranged according to a generatrix which will preferably constitute the lower line of the. device when same is to function with a horizontal axis.
  • FIG. 5 the connection between the heating cable 12 and the outer tube 9 is obtained while interposing a rod 15, on which a second capillary system 15a is wound, against the inner tube 10.
  • the inner tube is arranged eccentrically in such manner that the cable 12 covered with the capillary structure 13 is held in contact with the outer tube 9.
  • the choice of the liquid, of the materials and of the heating elements will depend upon the operating temperature which it is desirable to obtain, the quantity of liquid depending upon the capillary structure and slightly exceeding the saturation of same.
  • the capillary structures are chosen and fixed according as the operation of the device is with, without, or against gravity, the examples given being non-limiting. In all these examples, the capillary structures are shown in the form of nets but it is to be understood that they may be replaced by any other type of structure currently used: wick, groove, and so on.
  • a heat transfer device comprising: an outer tube having an inner surface, an inner tube having length and an outer surface along said length, the inner tube situated within the outer tube, with an annular heattreatment space defined between said tubes, a quantity of vaporizable liquid within said space, an energizable heat source comprising a cable covered with a first capillary structure, a second capillary structure covering said outer surface of said inner tube, said cable being wound around said inner tube and thereby holding said second capillary structure against said outer surface of said inner tube.
  • a device according to claim 1 further comprising connection means connecting said second capillary structure to said inner surface of said outer tube.
  • connection means comprises a rod extending axially in said annular space.
  • a device according to claim 4 further comprising a third capillary structure covering said rod.
  • a device according to claim 1 wherein said inner tube is positioned eccentrically within said outer tube, whereby said first capillary structure covering said heating means is held in contact with and between said second capillary structure covering said inner tube and said inner surface of said outer tube.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)

Abstract

A device of the type known as heat pipe in which the heating means are inside the chamber and covered with a capillary structure in contact with the liquid to be evaporated. Applicable notably to isothermal oven. FIG. 1.

Description

[ 1 May 28, 1974 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS lnventors: Patrick Coville, Le Chesnay; Andre Laurencier, Courbevoie, both of United States Patent Coville et al.
[ HEAT TRANSFERRING DEVICE Kodaira Basiulis..........
Scicchitano...
Kirkpatrick....
n n a m e b .w F 700 2 66777 99999 HHHH 62293 25970 77064 y 7433 2 605 3 ,5 3 33333 w e N 9 n o .l t a w r 0 C S my MN e C P n .1. m 50 F UY me e n .m S S A .1 3 7 ABSTRACT 6 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures Primary Examiner-Albert W. Davis Attorney, Agent, or FirmFrank R. Trifari A device of the type known as heat pipe in which the heating means are inside the chamber and covered with a capillary structure in contact with the liquid to be evaporated.
Applicable notably to isothermal oven. FIG. 1.
[22] Filed: May 24, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 256,579
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Feb. 25, 1972 France........
[51] Int.
[58] Field of Search 1 HEAT TRANSFERRING DEVICE The present invention relates to a heat transferring device of the type known under the name of heat pipe. Said devices comprise an closed space containing a small quantity of a liquid which is capable of evaporation.
Heating means applied locally to the said space produce the evaporation of a part of the liquid. A quantity of energy equivalent to the heat of evaporation is taken along by the vapour throughout the length of the space, the vapour condensing and giving off its heat of evaporation on the surfaces which are at a temperature lower than that of the surface of evaporation. The condensed liquid is brought back, due to gravity or by capillarity, in the zone of evaporation. In order to ensure the return of the liquid the walls of the space may be covered on the inside with a capillary structure in which the liquid is transported due to capillary forces.
In the known devices, the heating means are always on the outside. Consequently these devices have relatively large dimensions, whilst the heating means can easily be damaged.
Furthermore, in devices in which the inner surface of the outer wall of the space is covered at least partly with capillary structure difficulties are experienced in fixing said structure on a convex surface. Several fixing methods have thus been proposed spot welding, soldering, holding by means ofa helical spring and so on without all this permitting a simple and rapid mountmg.
It is the object of the invention to provide a heat transferring device of the kind described which remedies the above inconveniences.
According to the invention, the heating means are inside the space and covered with a capillary structure in contact with the liquid to be evaporated.
In these conditions, the liquid is distributed through the capillary structure throughout the surface of the heating element.
The return of the liquid toward the heating means may be augmented by capillary communication means which connect the capillary structure to the side wall of the space.
In other favourable embodiments:
at least'one capillary bridge is provided between the capillary structure and the side wall of the space.
a rod covered with a capillary system is provided and extends to at least a part of the length of the space, between the capillary structure and the side wall,
- in contact with these.
In a further favourable embodiment, a second capillary structure is provided throughout the length of the space on at least a part of the side wall.
In a favourable embodiment constructed as an isothermal oven, in which the space is formed by an outer tube and an inner tube, the heating element is constituted by a screened cable which is wound around the inner tube.
The invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In the devce shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 the heating means 1 inside the space A extends throughout the length or to a part of the length of the said space. It may be constituted by an electric heating element or by any other heating system known per se such as a gas burner, chemical reaction, and so on, inside an envelope. The heating means 1 is covered with a capillary structure 3 in contact with the liqiid 4 to be evaporated in such manner as to permit the flow of said liquid in the structure 3.
In order to facilitate the flow of the liquid towards the heating element, various arrangements may be used.
In FIG. 1, capillary bridges 5 are arranged at a distance from each other connecting the capillary structure 3 to the side wall of the space.
In FIG. 2, a rod of material compatible with the liquid and on which a capillary system 7 is present is arranged between the heating means I and the side wall 2 in contact with these. As the rod 6 extends throughout the length of the space the return of the liquid towards the heating means will be best ensured.
In FIG. 3 the heating means 1 is eccentrically arranged, in contact with the side wall. A second capillary structure 8 is also shown which is arranged (for example fixed by spotwelding) throughout the length of the space on a part of the wall (for example, according to a generatrix). Said second capillary structure permits of using the device even if the heating means is located at a point at the top of the device.
FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show various arrangements of the evaporation zone of isothermal ovens for which the space A is defined by an outer tube 9 and an inner tube 10. The cross-section may be, for example, circular or rectangular.
In FIG. 4 the inner tube 10 is coaxially arranged with the outer tube 9 and preferably covered by second capillary structure 11. A screened heating cable 12 itself covered with capillary structure 13 is wound on at least a part of the inner tube 10. The connection to the outer tube 9 is ensured by the capillary bridges 14 arranged according to a generatrix which will preferably constitute the lower line of the. device when same is to function with a horizontal axis.
In FIG. 5 the connection between the heating cable 12 and the outer tube 9 is obtained while interposing a rod 15, on which a second capillary system 15a is wound, against the inner tube 10.
In FIG. 6 the inner tube is arranged eccentrically in such manner that the cable 12 covered with the capillary structure 13 is held in contact with the outer tube 9.
The operation of the device as described is well known and the advantages of said devices are essentially due to simplification of construction and to their reduced dimensions.
In general, the choice of the liquid, of the materials and of the heating elements will depend upon the operating temperature which it is desirable to obtain, the quantity of liquid depending upon the capillary structure and slightly exceeding the saturation of same. The capillary structures are chosen and fixed according as the operation of the device is with, without, or against gravity, the examples given being non-limiting. In all these examples, the capillary structures are shown in the form of nets but it is to be understood that they may be replaced by any other type of structure currently used: wick, groove, and so on.
What is claimed is:
l. A heat transfer device comprising: an outer tube having an inner surface, an inner tube having length and an outer surface along said length, the inner tube situated within the outer tube, with an annular heattreatment space defined between said tubes, a quantity of vaporizable liquid within said space, an energizable heat source comprising a cable covered with a first capillary structure, a second capillary structure covering said outer surface of said inner tube, said cable being wound around said inner tube and thereby holding said second capillary structure against said outer surface of said inner tube.
2. A device according to claim 1 further comprising connection means connecting said second capillary structure to said inner surface of said outer tube.
3. A device according to claim 2 wherein said connection means comprises a rod extending axially in said annular space.
4. A device according to claim 3 wherein said rod is situated intermediate said second capillary structure and said cable such that said first capillary structure on said cable is held in contact with said inner surface of said outer tube.
5. A device according to claim 4 further comprising a third capillary structure covering said rod.
6. A device according to claim 1 wherein said inner tube is positioned eccentrically within said outer tube, whereby said first capillary structure covering said heating means is held in contact with and between said second capillary structure covering said inner tube and said inner surface of said outer tube.

Claims (6)

1. A heat transfer device comprising: an outer tube having an inner surface, an inner tube having length and an outer surface along said length, the inner tube situated within the outer tube, with an annular heat-treatment space defined between said tubes, a quantity of vaporizable liquid within said space, an energizable heat source comprising a cable covered with a first capillary structure, a second capillary structure covering said outer surface of said inner tube, said cable being wound around said inner tube and thereby holding said second capillary structure against said outer surface of said inner tube.
2. A device according to claim 1 further comprising connection means connecting said second capillary structure to said inner surface of said outer tube.
3. A device according to claim 2 wherein said connection means comprises a rod extending axially in said annular space.
4. A device according to claim 3 wherein said rod is situated intermediate said second capillary structure and said cable such that said first capillary structure on said cable is held in contact with said inner surface of said outer tube.
5. A device according to claim 4 further comprising a third capillary structure covering said rod.
6. A device according to claim 1 wherein said inner tube is positioned eccentrically within said outer tube, whereby said first capillary structure covering said heating means is held in contact with and between said second capillary structure covering said inner tube and said inner surface of said outer tube.
US00256579A 1972-02-25 1972-05-24 Heat transferring device Expired - Lifetime US3812908A (en)

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FR7206482A FR2172889B1 (en) 1972-02-25 1972-02-25

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JP (1) JPS5545832B2 (en)
DE (1) DE2223947C2 (en)
FR (1) FR2172889B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1382125A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3967093A (en) * 1973-06-14 1976-06-29 Shigeo Oi Heating apparatus with heat medium vapor
US20160120221A1 (en) * 2014-05-21 2016-05-05 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a mesh susceptor
US10028535B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2018-07-24 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a planar induction coil
US10375994B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2019-08-13 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a fluid permeable susceptor element

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10157409A1 (en) * 2001-11-23 2003-06-12 Webasto Thermosysteme Gmbh Heater for vehicle air conditioning system has heating device arranged in heat pipe that makes heat conducting connection between heat generating heating device, heat output device(s)
JP6102815B2 (en) * 2014-03-31 2017-03-29 株式会社デンソー Cooler
RU2581294C1 (en) * 2015-02-20 2016-04-20 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Фундаментпроект" Gravity heat pipe

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3327772A (en) * 1964-11-30 1967-06-27 Kodaira Nobuhisa Constant temperature heating apparatus using thermal medium vapor
US3414475A (en) * 1965-05-20 1968-12-03 Euratom Heat pipes
US3563309A (en) * 1968-09-16 1971-02-16 Hughes Aircraft Co Heat pipe having improved dielectric strength
US3603767A (en) * 1969-09-03 1971-09-07 Dynatherm Corp Isothermal cooking or heating device
US3651240A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-03-21 Trw Inc Heat transfer device

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3431396A (en) * 1966-01-26 1969-03-04 Nobuhisa Kodaira Jacket type of constant temperature heating apparatus
DE1501554C3 (en) * 1966-03-03 1978-07-27 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Gmbh, 5170 Juelich Device for heat transfer from a solid body to a liquid
US3490718A (en) * 1967-02-01 1970-01-20 Nasa Capillary radiator
US3563226A (en) * 1969-04-24 1971-02-16 United Aircraft Corp Chemically fueled heater
US3621906A (en) * 1969-09-02 1971-11-23 Gen Motors Corp Control system for heat pipes
US3603382A (en) * 1969-11-03 1971-09-07 Nasa Radial heat flux transformer

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3327772A (en) * 1964-11-30 1967-06-27 Kodaira Nobuhisa Constant temperature heating apparatus using thermal medium vapor
US3414475A (en) * 1965-05-20 1968-12-03 Euratom Heat pipes
US3563309A (en) * 1968-09-16 1971-02-16 Hughes Aircraft Co Heat pipe having improved dielectric strength
US3651240A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-03-21 Trw Inc Heat transfer device
US3603767A (en) * 1969-09-03 1971-09-07 Dynatherm Corp Isothermal cooking or heating device

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3967093A (en) * 1973-06-14 1976-06-29 Shigeo Oi Heating apparatus with heat medium vapor
US20160120221A1 (en) * 2014-05-21 2016-05-05 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a mesh susceptor
US9820512B2 (en) * 2014-05-21 2017-11-21 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a mesh susceptor
US20170347715A1 (en) * 2014-05-21 2017-12-07 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a mesh susceptor
US10028535B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2018-07-24 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a planar induction coil
US10375994B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2019-08-13 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a fluid permeable susceptor element
US10834972B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2020-11-17 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a fluid permeable susceptor element
US10856576B2 (en) * 2014-05-21 2020-12-08 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a mesh susceptor
US20210052004A1 (en) * 2014-05-21 2021-02-25 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a mesh susceptor
US11311051B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2022-04-26 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a fluid permeable susceptor element
US11606979B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2023-03-21 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a fluid permeable susceptor element
US11617396B2 (en) * 2014-05-21 2023-04-04 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a mesh susceptor
US11856993B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2024-01-02 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a fluid permeable susceptor element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1382125A (en) 1975-01-29
DE2223947A1 (en) 1973-09-06
JPS4898458A (en) 1973-12-14
JPS5545832B2 (en) 1980-11-19
DE2223947C2 (en) 1983-05-19
FR2172889B1 (en) 1974-12-13
FR2172889A1 (en) 1973-10-05

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