US3809551A - Aluminum and tin base bearing alloy - Google Patents

Aluminum and tin base bearing alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
US3809551A
US3809551A US00163249A US16324971A US3809551A US 3809551 A US3809551 A US 3809551A US 00163249 A US00163249 A US 00163249A US 16324971 A US16324971 A US 16324971A US 3809551 A US3809551 A US 3809551A
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Prior art keywords
alloy
aluminum
tin
weight percent
lead
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US00163249A
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English (en)
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N Morisaki
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Daido Metal Co Ltd
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Daido Metal Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/20—Alloys based on aluminium
    • F16C2204/22—Alloys based on aluminium with tin as the next major constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S384/00—Bearings
    • Y10S384/90—Cooling or heating
    • Y10S384/912—Metallic

Definitions

  • Aluminum base bearing alloy of this type is suitable for use as internal combustion engine and is superior to conventional aluminum-tintalloys with respect to the surface characteristics such as embeddability and anti-seize characteristics.
  • This alloy contains 3 to 40 weight percent of tin, 0.1 to 5 weight percent of lead, 0.1 to 3 weight percent of antimony and 0.02 to 2 weight percent of copper, the balance beingaluminum, this alloy can be further modified either by omitting copper, or by adding 0.02 to 5% of one or more of nickel, magnesium, iron, silcon and copper in lieu of copper additive or by further adding 0.01 to 1 weight percent of one or more of titanium, vanadium, cobalt and niobium. w a
  • the present invention relates to a bearing alloy and more particularly to an improvement of aluminum-tin bearing alloy.
  • Aluminum based bearing alloys hithertofore used in bearings of internal combustion engines include such types that have a low percentage of tin (6 to 10% of tin) or that have a high percentage of tin to 40% of tin).
  • the present invention has a principal object to provide a bearing alloy which is superior to conventional aluminum-tin alloys in surface characteristics such as embeddability and anti-seize characteristics and does not cause seizing even when it is used in high performance internal combustion engines.
  • lead is soft and effectively improves embeddability when used in a bearing alloy and further it has also been known that the surface characteristics such as anti-seize and embeddability can be improved, by lining lead or lead-tin alloy on an alloy bearing, such as a copper-lead alloy hearing which has inferior anti-seize characteristics. In actual practice, such laminated bearings have been widely used.
  • the inventor has discovered the fact that, without using such a special casting technique, it is possible to manufacture under a normal casting condition an aluminumlead alloy in which lead is uniformly and finely dispersed in the aluminum matrix so that the alloy can satisfactorily be used as a bearing metal, simply by adding a suitable amount of antimony. According to the inventors discovery the alloy thus manufactured has improved mechanical properties.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the load and friction coefficient
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the hardness of alloys and temperature
  • FIG. 3 shows the influence of antimony on the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a microphotograph showing the structure of the alloy in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a microphotograph showing the structure of a known alloy.
  • the present invention provides a bearing alloy including 3 to 40 weight percent of tin, 0.1 to 5 weight percent of lead, 0.1 to 3 weight percent of antimony and the balance aluminum or a bearing alloy including 3 to 40 weight percent of tin, 0.1 to 5 weight percent of lead, 0.1 to 3 weight percent of antimony, 0.02 to 2 weight percent of copper and the balance being aluminum.
  • a bearing alloy including 3 to 40 weight percent of tin, 0.1 to 5 weight percent of lead, 0.1 to 3 weight percent of antimony, 0.02 to 2 weight percent of copper and the balance being aluminum.
  • one or more of elements selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, magnesium, manganese, iron and silicon may be added by the amount of 0.02 to 5 percent, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum matrix can be improved.
  • the alloy can have an excellent oil-aflinity which is inherent to lead so that, when the alloy is used as a bearing in an internal combustion engine, a suitable lubricant film can be maintained between the bearing and a shaft supported thereby, even during high speed operations, starting and stopping of the engine during which lubricant is normally apt to be interrupted.
  • the alloy of the present invention is effective in preventing seizure between a shaft and bearing supporting the shaft.
  • Antimony added in accordance with the present invention is effective in ensuring a uniform and fine dispersion of lead in aluminum alloy even in normal casting processes, and it improves the anti-seize characteristics of the alloy as well as the mechanical properties of the aluminum matrix. (Refer to Table 2.)
  • the recommended range of lead is 0.1 to 5 weight percent, when there is less than 0.1% of lead present there is no improvement in the anti-seize characteristics of the alloy. Also when the amount of lead exceeds 5 percent, it is very dilficult TABLEl Contents (percent) Contact angle Sn Pb Sb Cu Al (degree Pe a- 1 fittfffz: 3:3
  • Thisinventlon 17 a 2 :As is apparent from Table 1, the contact angle of the alloy in accordance with the present invention is smaller than that of the conventional alloy, This means that the alloy .of the present invention has a greater oil-affinity as compared with'known alloys so that the former is superior to the latter in anti-seize properties.
  • antimony is effective in making lead finelyand uniformly disperse in an aluminum base metal and also improves the mechanical properties such as. elongation, tensile strength and fatigue resistance of the aluminum matrix in aluminum base bearing alloys.
  • the recommended amount of. antimony is 0.1 to 3 percent in weight and, if the amount of antimony is less than 0.1 percent, it does not provide any noticeable effect, while if the amount exceeds 3 percent, the mechanical properties are adversely affected with the result that elongation is greatly reduced and hardness is increased. (Refer to FIG. 3.)
  • Tin and copper have commonly been added in an aluminum base bearing alloy and it has been known that tin is effective in reducing the hardness of the alloy and in improving the surface properties such as the embeddability and anti-seize characteristics of bearings made from the alloy thus allowing the use of a soft shaft. If
  • FIG. 1 shows the relationship between temperature and the hardness of the alloy in accordancewith the present invention and that of a known aluminum alloy including a high percentage of tin.
  • the hardness of the alloy of the present invention at the operating temperature of an internal combustion engine that is about 100 to 150 C. is substantially identical to that of the known aluminum alloy containing 20% of tin at the same temperature, but higher than that of the known aluminum alloycontaining of tin at the same-temperature.
  • Table 2 shows mechanical properties, such as hardness under normal temperature, tensile strength, elongationand bonding property with a steel backing. It will be seen in this table that the alloy of the present invention has substantially the same values as the known alloys do in respect of hardness and tensile strength but it has a greater elongation than the known aluminum alloy containing 30% of tin and substantially the same elongation as the known alloy containing 20% of tinxl urthen-witlr respect to the bonding property; with a-steel backing,- the alloy of the present invention issuperior 'to'the'known' aluminum alloys.
  • the tin content is less than 3 percent, a 'marked im pro ve-f tion, lead is finely and uniformly dispersed in aluminum due to the addition of antimony.
  • the microst'rnc'ture of the alloy is typically shown in the photograph of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows a typical structure of an alloy which'does not include antimony. In both figures, the structures are shown in X100 magnification. In the structure of the alloy manufactured in accordance with prior art'as' shown in FIG. 5, it will be seen that there are scattered about relatively large spheres 'of lead, however, in thestructure' of the alloy of the present'invention as'shown in FIG. "4,
  • FIG. 2 shows friction coefficient of known aluminum bearing alloy including a high percentage of tin'content and that ofthe alloy in accordance with the present i1i-' vention.
  • the friction coefficient From the stave description, it will be seen that ithefl aluminum alloy of the present invention issubstantially the same as orsuperior to known aluminumalloys in respect of mechanical pr perti'esQbut has improved surface propierties fas anti-seize characteristics due ,to its excellent orlfatfinity and low friction coefiicient.
  • thealuminum alloy of the. present invention has a -high fatigue re sistance, is a very important property as abearing metal. I H a The fatigue resi stance'was tested, by repeatedly applying.
  • Each specimen was prepared by. bondlng bearing metal to a steel backingby means .of pressure bonding.
  • the inner diameter of the tested bearing was 62 'mm.
  • the lining alloy was 31 mm, wide and 0.3 mm.
  • the test was perform ed by continuously rotatin shaft. at a speed of' 4'00O r.p.m. under '350 kg./c'm. of j bearing load" applying lubricant-(SAE Ne. 30 oil) under pressure.
  • the fatigue limit was determined'as'the time ,whenfatigue cracks appeared 'j'o'n an area extending to 10:5 of the total bearing inner surface.
  • the alum inn alloy of the present, invention having a composition shown i'n'the Tables l ndj, 2,-had a fatigue limit of 15 hours whilethe fatigue 11m n:
  • alloy of the present invention has the best fatigue resistance.
  • the alloy of the present invention is substantially same as, or superior to, known alloys in respect of surface property such an anti-seize characteristics and mechanical properties such as fatigue resistance and strength. Therefore, the alloy of the present invention can especially be used in bearings for high speed, high power, internal combustion engines.
  • Aluminum based bearing alloy consisting essentially of 0.02 to 2 percent by weight of copper, 5.5 to 40 percent by Weight of tin, 0.1 to percent by weight of lead, 0.1 to 3 percent by weight of antimony, the balance being aluminum.
  • Aluminum based bearing alloy consisting essentially of 5.5 to 40 percent by weight of tin, 0.1 to 5 percent by weight of lead, 0.1 to 3 percent by weight of antimony, 0.02 to 5 percent by Weight of at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, magnesium, manganese, iron and silicon, the balance being aluminum on the proviso that content of copper shall not exceed 2 percent by weight.
  • a hearing alloy consisting of about 17 percent tin,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
US00163249A 1970-11-28 1971-07-16 Aluminum and tin base bearing alloy Expired - Lifetime US3809551A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP45105328A JPS5212131B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-11-28 1970-11-28

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US3809551A true US3809551A (en) 1974-05-07

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US (1) US3809551A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5212131B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE770740A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2136491B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1332532A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4188079A (en) * 1977-08-22 1980-02-12 Daido Metal Company Ltd. Multiple-layer metal bearing for use in a large-size engine
US4189525A (en) * 1976-05-13 1980-02-19 Daido Metal Company, Ltd. Bearing metal for large engines
DE3214303A1 (de) * 1981-07-02 1983-01-20 Daido Metal Co. Ltd., Nagoya Aluminium-lagerlegierung
FR2552832A1 (fr) * 1983-10-01 1985-04-05 Glyco Metall Werke Palier lisse et procede pour sa fabrication
US4806308A (en) * 1985-09-17 1989-02-21 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aluminum bearing alloy
US5104444A (en) * 1988-08-05 1992-04-14 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Aluminum matrix bearing metal alloy
DE4328921A1 (de) * 1992-09-28 1994-04-07 Daido Metal Co Ltd Gleitlagermaterial mit einer obersten Schicht, die eine ausgezeichnete Beständigkeit gegenüber fressendem Verschleiß hat
US5365664A (en) * 1993-06-22 1994-11-22 Federal-Mogul Corporation Method of making aluminum alloy bearing
US5536587A (en) * 1995-08-21 1996-07-16 Federal-Mogul Corporation Aluminum alloy bearing
GB2491268A (en) * 2011-05-25 2012-11-28 Daido Metal Co A bearing with a tin-aluminium bearing layer

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5494397U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-12-16 1979-07-04
JPS54104333U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-12-29 1979-07-23
DE3000774C2 (de) * 1980-01-10 1993-04-29 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd., Toyota, Aichi Zinnhaltige Aluminium-Lagerlegierung
DE3000772C2 (de) * 1980-01-10 1993-05-27 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd., Toyota, Aichi Zinnhaltige Aluminium-Lagerlegierung
GB2182348B (en) * 1985-09-13 1989-08-23 Nippon Dia Clevite Co Aluminium alloy and its use in a two-layer bearing material
JPH0826894B2 (ja) * 1992-08-28 1996-03-21 大同メタル工業株式会社 軽合金ハウジング用すべり軸受
JP7316906B2 (ja) * 2019-10-29 2023-07-28 東洋アルミニウム株式会社 アルミニウム積層体およびその製造方法

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4189525A (en) * 1976-05-13 1980-02-19 Daido Metal Company, Ltd. Bearing metal for large engines
US4188079A (en) * 1977-08-22 1980-02-12 Daido Metal Company Ltd. Multiple-layer metal bearing for use in a large-size engine
DE3214303A1 (de) * 1981-07-02 1983-01-20 Daido Metal Co. Ltd., Nagoya Aluminium-lagerlegierung
FR2552832A1 (fr) * 1983-10-01 1985-04-05 Glyco Metall Werke Palier lisse et procede pour sa fabrication
US4822561A (en) * 1985-09-17 1989-04-18 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aluminum bearing alloy
US4818487A (en) * 1985-09-17 1989-04-04 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aluminum bearing alloy
US4806308A (en) * 1985-09-17 1989-02-21 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aluminum bearing alloy
US5104444A (en) * 1988-08-05 1992-04-14 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Aluminum matrix bearing metal alloy
DE4328921A1 (de) * 1992-09-28 1994-04-07 Daido Metal Co Ltd Gleitlagermaterial mit einer obersten Schicht, die eine ausgezeichnete Beständigkeit gegenüber fressendem Verschleiß hat
US5365664A (en) * 1993-06-22 1994-11-22 Federal-Mogul Corporation Method of making aluminum alloy bearing
US5536587A (en) * 1995-08-21 1996-07-16 Federal-Mogul Corporation Aluminum alloy bearing
GB2491268A (en) * 2011-05-25 2012-11-28 Daido Metal Co A bearing with a tin-aluminium bearing layer
GB2491268B (en) * 2011-05-25 2014-07-02 Daido Metal Co Aluminium alloy bearing

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DE2136491B2 (de) 1976-06-10
DE2136491A1 (de) 1972-06-15
JPS5212131B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-04-05
GB1332532A (en) 1973-10-03
BE770740A (fr) 1971-12-01

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