US3808351A - Improved cryogenic connection - Google Patents

Improved cryogenic connection Download PDF

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Publication number
US3808351A
US3808351A US00344406A US34440673A US3808351A US 3808351 A US3808351 A US 3808351A US 00344406 A US00344406 A US 00344406A US 34440673 A US34440673 A US 34440673A US 3808351 A US3808351 A US 3808351A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cryogenic
conductors
enclosure
conductor
inner enclosure
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00344406A
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English (en)
Inventor
Franckhauser F Moisson
M Aupoix
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Compagnie Generale dElectricite SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • H01B12/16—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/08—Cable junctions
    • H02G15/10—Cable junctions protected by boxes, e.g. by distribution, connection or junction boxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/20—Cable fittings for cables filled with or surrounded by gas or oil
    • H02G15/24—Cable junctions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/34—Cable fittings for cryogenic cables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In a cryogenic connection wherein tubular conductors insulated by a vacuum and carrying a cryogenic fluid, provides a fluid connection between the vacuum surrounding the current conducting tubular conductors with the annular cavity also subjected to vacuum pressure between inner and outer enclosures providing thermal insulation to the cryogenic connection.
  • the coupling of connection elements is effected in a sequential conductor laying process, utilizing rectilinear sections of 20metre enclosures and of semirigid conductor tubes of similar length.
  • a pair of coaxial conductors consists of an inner tubular conductor conveying a cryogenic fluid and an outer tubular conductor.
  • the inner enclosure itself contains a cryogenic fluid which immerses the outer conductor. Vacuum is created on the one hand in the space between the inner and outer conductors, and on the other hand, in the space between the inner and out enclosures which surround the coaxial conductors.
  • the vacuum is created independently in these two spaces which does not permit the effective vacuum pumping of the spaced formed between the inner and outer conductors, whose residual'pressure, when cryogenic pumping 'is carried out, is due to the accumulation of helium coming very small leakages in the tubular conductors, that is, the accumulation of the cryogenic fluid flowing through the inner tubular conductor.
  • the aim of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages.
  • the present invention has for its object the formation of a cryogenic electrical connection comprising cables insulated by a vacuum, wherein the connection comprises an inner enclosure, at least one pair of tubular coaxial conductors within the inner enclosure and constituted by anouter tubular conductor and an inner tubular conductor, means for providing cryogenic fluid flow in the inner conductor, an outer enclosure surrounding the inner enclosure and the space between the inner and outer enclosures being subjected to a vacuum pressure with the cryogenic connection being characterized by providing fluid communication between the space formed between the inner and outer conductors and the space formed between the inner and outer enclosures and therefore subjects the space between the inner and outer conductors to vacuum pressure, effecting fluid communication between these spaces and the space between the outer conductor and the inner enclosure.
  • cryogenic connection ensuring the placement of the space in which a vacuum is maintained into fluid communication, will be described with reference to three diagrammatic figures. With respect to these figures, like numerals designate like components.
  • Several devices for establishing fluid communication between those spaces subjected to vacuum pressure are provided at intervals which are, to great advantage, spaced by 10 to 100 meters.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded, perspective view of a cryogenic connection provided with the arrangement for establishing fluid communication according to the in- DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 is an example of an embodiment of the invention, makes it possible to connect two sections such as 10 and 20 of a cryogenic connection within an outer enclosure 1.
  • each section there are provided three pairs of coaxial tubular conductors which lie inside inner enclosure 5.
  • Each pair of coaxial tubular conductors comprise a tubular inner conductor 2, suitable for conveying a cryogenic fluid, and a tubular outer conductor 3 concentrically surrounding the tubular inner conductor 2 and spaced therefrom.
  • Vacuum is created in the space 4 between the inner and outer conductors and between the outer enclosure 1 and the inner enclosure 5 while a cryogenic fluid immerses outer conductor 3 and flows between the inside of the inner enclosure 1 and outer conductors 3.
  • the figures show three pairs of tubular coaxial conductors, by way of an example of the embodiments of a cryogenie connection which is able to convey a three phase alternating current.
  • the inner conductor 2 constitutes the phase conductor, whereas the outer conductor 3 constitutes the neutral conductor.
  • the vaccum created in the space 6 which separates the inner enclosure 5 from the outer enclosure 1 provides a good thermal insulation for the cryogenic connection.
  • the inner and outer conductors 2 and 3 respectively are separated by means of insulating spacers such as spacers 19.
  • the insulating spacers 19 are formed by the thermal assembly of two sectors and their function is to contain the electro-dynamic efforts exerted between the inner and outer conductors, and contribute to the electrical insulation by the vacuum existing between the inner and outer conductors, the limiting of the thermal losses between the outgoing helium circuit within the inner conductors and the return helium limit to the inside of the inner enclosure 5, while allowing for limited vacuum pumping impedance and enabling'the inner and outer conductor tubes to fit together and the sliding of the group of inner and outer conductor tubes.
  • These spacers are installed remote from the site of assembly and that is at their point of manufacture before the inner and outer tubes, for example, 20-meter tubes are fitted together.
  • the pairs of coaxial conductors 2 are corrugated tubes made of copper covered with a niobium deposit which is polished, then covered, for example, with polytetrafluorethylene.
  • the aim of this manufacturing technique is to protect the niobium layer mechanically when assembling and to protect the niobium layer at the level of the insulating spacers 19 when subjected to vibration associated with electrodynamic forces and to improve the dielectric strength and to reduce the ionizing currents taking into account the angle of losses of the polytetrafluorethylene which is less than that of other dielectrics at a temperature of 5 Kelvin.
  • the outer conductors such as 3 are free of corrugations, that is, they are cylindrical over a short portion of their length, that is, approximately one meter. They have in their corrugated portions a diameter whose bulk is slightly less than that of the their cylindrical portions. They may be fitted without difficulty over a portion of their length into cylindrical tubes 110 which form a part of the assembly 100, according to the invention, the tubes 110 having a diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the conductors 3 at their cylindrical portion.
  • the cylindrical portions of the tubes 3 lie within assembly 100 and are now shown in FIG. 1.
  • the assembly 100 comprises on the one hand two identical flanges 119 and 120 which at their peripheries are provided with rims 121 and 122 respectively welded to the ends of inner enclosure 5 for sections and 20.
  • At least three tubes such as 101, 102 and 103, have ends welded respectively to the flanges 119 and 120 to permit fluid communication between sections 10 and 20 of the connectors.
  • cylindrical tubes such as 110, 111 and 112 are provided at spaced circumferential positions, the number of tubes being equal to the number of pairs of conductors, with respective tubes receiving the pairs of coaxial conductors. The outgoing flow of cryogenic fluid occurs within the inner conductor tubes, while the return flow of cryogenic fluid occurs within the space between the outer conductors 3 and the inner enclosure 5.
  • helium flow on the inside as defined by flanges 119 and 120 is limited to the set of tubes 101, 102, 103, 110, 111, and 112, and limited on the outside by the space between the outer conductors 3 and the inner enclosure 5 with the outer faces of flanges 119 and 120 being subjected to helium pressure.
  • the helium circuit is therefore as follows: three outgoing tubes consisting of the three inner conductor tubes 2 between the cooling means and a connection to the helium return circuit, a return tube by the space between the outer conductors 3 and the inner enclosure 5, in turn connected to the cooling means (not shown).
  • the choice of material is particularly important in that type of device because of the electrical and mechanical stresses.
  • the end flanges 119 and 120 and the cryogenic flow tubes 101, 102 and 103 are made of an iron and nickel alloy containing 30 to 45 percent nickel; that alloy being, for example, of a type known in France by the trade name INVAR.
  • the tubes such as 110, 111, 112 surrounding each pair of coaxial conductors have their ends 14 and 15 made of INVAR, whereas their intermediate portion 12 may be made of copper. That structure may be formed, for example, by means of an electroforming method.
  • the tubes such as 101, 102, 103 made on INVAR which ensures that the greater part of the cryogenic fluid flow is liquid helium flow, for example, also allow the transfer of longitudinal mechanical tensile stresses existing in sections 10 and 20 of the connectors to be made of INVAR whose rectilinear shape gives rise to no reduction in its length when cooling is effected.
  • the present invention is directed to the communication of spaces 4 and 6 which may be subjected to common vacuum.
  • an orifice of oblong shape is formed in the central cop'- per portions within each of the tubes 110, 111 and 112, the axis of that orifice being parallel to that of the tubes and situated on an accessible face of that tube which forms a part of the connection.
  • An orifice 91 whose shape is oblong, having dimensions smaller that that or equal to that of orifice 90 is formed in the outer conductor for each of the tubes 110, 111 and 112, these orifices being in each case the others extension.
  • a local deformation 92 of the tubes 110, 111 and 112 puts the rim of the orifices 90 in contact with the outer conductor tubes 3 and a weld 17 is provided between the copper tubes around the perimeter of the orifice 90.
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of assembly seen in FIG. 1.
  • cryogenic fluid which flows in the inner enclosure and passes through tubes 101, 102 and 103 and also flows within tubes 110, 111, and 112, round the outer conductor 3. That figure also shows the intermediate portion of copper and an end portion 15 made of IN- VAR, of the tube 112.
  • the three pairs of coaxial conductors 2, 3 are inserted in the three tubes 110, 111, 112, made of INVAR and copper, and pass through the assembly 100 defined by flanges 119 and 120.
  • One of the flanges 119 made of INVAR has its rim welded to the end of the inner enclosure 5 which is made of INVAR and contains the pairs of conductors.
  • an orifice having an oblong shape is then formed on each of the outer conductors and on each of the tubes 110, 111 and 112, and the welding of the edges of the two orifices thus formed is effected thereon, the edges of these orifices being made of copper.
  • the assembly 100 comprising six tubes 101, 102, 103, 110, 111, 112 and flanges 119, 120, is produced at the factory by welding the tubes to the flanges on the accessible faces of the latter.
  • the adjacent 20 meter sections of pairs of coaxial tubular conductors 2 and 3 are welded to the pairs of conductors previously installed, then put together in a rectilinear configuration.
  • a tubular element of the inner enclosure 5 in terms of section or section is installed, then welded to the elements of the connection previously installed.
  • the inner enclosure 5 surrounds the three pairs of conductors 2, 3, these conductors extending past the free end of section 10 by a length greater than 10 meters.
  • the device or assembly formed by tubes 101, 102, 103,110, 111, 112 and flanges 119 and 120 is installed by inserting the free ends of the coaxial condcutors and sliding them over 10 to 20 meters until flange 119 comes into contact with the end of the inner enclosure 5 forming section 10. This enables the welding of the rim of the flange 119 and the inner enclosure 5 for section 10.
  • the conductors 2, 3 have a corrugated free.
  • portion 10 to 20 meters long extending past the connection point defined by the flange with the ends of these conductors possibly being set apart from each other, thus enabling circumferential welding of the pairs of conductors to a further section of 20 meter conductors.
  • These later conductors 3 are then put together in a rectilinear configuration.
  • a second section 20 constituting a further 20 meter section of the connection is then installed by connecting the inner enclosure 5 of that section to flange 120. This is achieved by welding the rims or peripheries of flange 120 and inner enclosure 5 of section 20 together since they are both made of INVAR. lnner enclosure 5 of section 20 surrounds the pairs of conductors over a portion of their length.
  • the assembling method which has just been described is compatible with the minimizing of the diameter of the enclosures, by means of the staggering of the positions at which the connections of the conductors are formed and of the positions at which the connections of the enclosures are formed. That minimizing of the diameter of the inner enclosure 5 remains unchanged at the point of connection between parts, this being made possible by the ease of access, in three directions, spaced circumferentially apart, for form ing oblong orifices and welds at that point, when the tubes are put together. This is made easier, due also to the possibility of opening the end of the conductors which are semi-rigid, a judicious choice of their structure enabling electrical connections to be formed before regrouping these conductors.
  • Connections for dividing the vacuum applied to the cryogenic electrical connection into sections are arranged, for example, every 400 meters. Their mechanical function consists in ensuring the fixing of the coaxial conductors of the inner enclosure 5 enabling the connection between 400 meter connection sections forming an angle between them. This fixing is necessary subsequent to efforts generated by cooling and possibly by the existence of declivities.
  • the function of these connections with respect to the pumping is to enable the creation of a vacuum which is not simultaneous in the 400 meter sections, during the installing of the connections, to limit the extent of the zones affected by leakages, to enable increased pumping at that point in the connection and detecting of leakages as well as their repair.
  • connection between the inner and outer conductors at that point is effected by means of insulating cross-pieces.
  • These cross-pieces comprise a voltage distributor of the capacitative type formed by divided conductors embedded, for example, in a phenolic resin; the insulating cross-pieces being semi-fluid-tight, that is, capable of holding a primary vacuum when one of the faces is subjected to atmospheric pressure. That characteristic therefore remains compatible with their vacuum dividing function.
  • cryogenic connection of the type comprising:
  • said pair of coaxial conductors being constituted by an outer tubular conductor and an inner tubular conductor
  • said common means for communicating the space between said inner conductor and said outer conductor and the space between said inner enclosure and said outer enclosure comprises a first orifice formed in the wall of said outer conductor and on the other hand a second orifice formed in a tubular wall surrounding said outer conductor and forming a tight continuation of said inner enclosure, the edges of these two orifices being connected to each other in a fluid tight manner over their complete length.
  • said first and second orificies have an oblong shape whose greatest dimension extends in the longitudinal direction of the conductors.
  • said inner enclosure comprises two sections separated by an assembly, said assembly comprising: two flanges whose peripheries are sealed respectively to the end of said sections of said inner enclosure and defining a fluid tight chamber therebetween, at least one tube extending in a fluid tight manner between said flanges for permitting the flow of cryogenic fluid between sections of said inner enclosure, said tube connecting orificies formed within said flanges and tubes surrounding each of said outer conductors and forming a cryogenic flow path about said outer conductor between sections of said inner enclosure, and wherein said second orifice is formed in the tubes surrounding said outer conductor in each instance, adjacent to said first orifice with the edges of the first and second orifices being in contact with each other by bringing the walls of the outer conductor and the tube surrounding said outer conductor together and being sealably joined together by means of a weld.
  • cryogenic connection according to claim 4, wherein: said first and second orifices have an oblong shape whose greatest dimension extends in the longitudinal direction of the conductors.
  • said flange, said inner enclosure, said flow tube and at least the ends of each tube surrounding said outer conductor are made of an iron and nickel alloy containing 30 to 45 percent nickel.
  • said first and second orifices have an oblong shape whose greatest dimension extends in the longitudinal direction of the conductors.
  • each tube surrounding each outer conductor is made of one material from the group consisting of aluminum and copper.
  • said first and second orifices have an oblong shape whose greatest dimension extends in the longitudinal direction of the conductors.

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US00344406A 1972-03-31 1973-03-23 Improved cryogenic connection Expired - Lifetime US3808351A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7211553A FR2178439A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-31 1972-03-31

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US (1) US3808351A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2316123C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2178439A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1399055A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3947622A (en) * 1975-01-03 1976-03-30 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Vacuum insulated A-C superconducting cables
US4020275A (en) * 1976-01-27 1977-04-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Superconducting cable cooling system by helium gas at two pressures
US4020274A (en) * 1976-01-27 1977-04-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Superconducting cable cooling system by helium gas and a mixture of gas and liquid helium
US4321422A (en) * 1976-12-20 1982-03-23 Bicc Limited Busbar installation
US6509522B1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2003-01-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Three-phase integrated gas insulated bus
EP1560292A1 (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-08-03 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Multiphase superconducting cable connection structure and multiphase superconducting cable line
US20080257579A1 (en) * 2005-03-14 2008-10-23 Masayuki Hirose Superconducting Cable and Dc Transmission System Incorporating the Superconducting Cable
US20100325861A1 (en) * 2009-06-29 2010-12-30 Ad Technologies Multi-layer tubular conduit
US20120094553A1 (en) * 2009-06-12 2012-04-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd., Bus Bar and Connector
FR3018337A1 (fr) * 2014-03-06 2015-09-11 Air Liquide Ligne de transfert de fluide cyrogenique
US10044186B2 (en) * 2013-08-09 2018-08-07 Vestas Wind Systems A/S AC and DC electricity transmission using a multiple-core cable

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US650987A (en) * 1899-06-27 1900-06-05 Oscar Patric Ostergren Electric conductor.
US3343035A (en) * 1963-03-08 1967-09-19 Ibm Superconducting electrical power transmission systems
US3431347A (en) * 1966-06-24 1969-03-04 Siemens Ag Cryostats for low-temperature cables
US3522361A (en) * 1967-04-29 1970-07-28 Siemens Ag Electrical installation for parallel-connected superconductors
US3686422A (en) * 1969-10-30 1972-08-22 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Cryogenic conduit assembly for conducting electricity
US3693648A (en) * 1969-05-02 1972-09-26 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Duct system for low-temperature fluids and thermally isolated electrical conductors
US3694914A (en) * 1970-09-08 1972-10-03 Comp Generale Electricite Cryogenic connection for the transmission of high electric power and method of manufacture thereof
US3723634A (en) * 1971-03-04 1973-03-27 Gen Electricite And L Air Liqu Cryogenic cable and process for making the same
US3726985A (en) * 1971-03-05 1973-04-10 Co Generale Electricite Exploi Cryogenic cable construction

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US650987A (en) * 1899-06-27 1900-06-05 Oscar Patric Ostergren Electric conductor.
US3343035A (en) * 1963-03-08 1967-09-19 Ibm Superconducting electrical power transmission systems
US3431347A (en) * 1966-06-24 1969-03-04 Siemens Ag Cryostats for low-temperature cables
US3522361A (en) * 1967-04-29 1970-07-28 Siemens Ag Electrical installation for parallel-connected superconductors
US3693648A (en) * 1969-05-02 1972-09-26 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Duct system for low-temperature fluids and thermally isolated electrical conductors
US3686422A (en) * 1969-10-30 1972-08-22 Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Cryogenic conduit assembly for conducting electricity
US3694914A (en) * 1970-09-08 1972-10-03 Comp Generale Electricite Cryogenic connection for the transmission of high electric power and method of manufacture thereof
US3723634A (en) * 1971-03-04 1973-03-27 Gen Electricite And L Air Liqu Cryogenic cable and process for making the same
US3726985A (en) * 1971-03-05 1973-04-10 Co Generale Electricite Exploi Cryogenic cable construction

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3947622A (en) * 1975-01-03 1976-03-30 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Vacuum insulated A-C superconducting cables
US4020275A (en) * 1976-01-27 1977-04-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Superconducting cable cooling system by helium gas at two pressures
US4020274A (en) * 1976-01-27 1977-04-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Superconducting cable cooling system by helium gas and a mixture of gas and liquid helium
US4321422A (en) * 1976-12-20 1982-03-23 Bicc Limited Busbar installation
US6509522B1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2003-01-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Three-phase integrated gas insulated bus
CN100576371C (zh) * 2004-01-22 2009-12-30 住友电气工业株式会社 多相超导电缆连接结构和多相超导电缆线
EP1560292A1 (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-08-03 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Multiphase superconducting cable connection structure and multiphase superconducting cable line
US20050217878A1 (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-10-06 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Multiphase superconducting cable connection structure and multiphase superconducting cable line
US7265297B2 (en) * 2004-01-22 2007-09-04 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Multiphase superconducting cable connection structure and multiphase superconducting cable line
US7723616B2 (en) * 2005-03-14 2010-05-25 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Superconducting cable and DC transmission system incorporating the superconducting cable
US20080257579A1 (en) * 2005-03-14 2008-10-23 Masayuki Hirose Superconducting Cable and Dc Transmission System Incorporating the Superconducting Cable
US20120094553A1 (en) * 2009-06-12 2012-04-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd., Bus Bar and Connector
US8500473B2 (en) * 2009-06-12 2013-08-06 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Bus bar and connector
US20100325861A1 (en) * 2009-06-29 2010-12-30 Ad Technologies Multi-layer tubular conduit
US9915380B2 (en) * 2009-06-29 2018-03-13 Dura-Line Corporation Multi-layer tubular conduit
US10044186B2 (en) * 2013-08-09 2018-08-07 Vestas Wind Systems A/S AC and DC electricity transmission using a multiple-core cable
FR3018337A1 (fr) * 2014-03-06 2015-09-11 Air Liquide Ligne de transfert de fluide cyrogenique
WO2015132503A1 (fr) * 2014-03-06 2015-09-11 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Ligne de transfert de fluide cyrogénique
CN106030182A (zh) * 2014-03-06 2016-10-12 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 低温流体传输管线
RU2675177C1 (ru) * 2014-03-06 2018-12-17 Л'Эр Ликид, Сосьете Аноним Пур Л'Этюд Э Л'Эксплуатасьон Де Проседе Жорж Клод Линия передачи криогенной текучей среды
US10161557B2 (en) 2014-03-06 2018-12-25 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Cryogenic fluid transfer line
CN106030182B (zh) * 2014-03-06 2019-04-23 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 低温流体传输管线

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Publication number Publication date
GB1399055A (en) 1975-06-25
FR2178439A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-11-09
DE2316123A1 (de) 1973-10-18
DE2316123C2 (de) 1983-07-28

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