US3806426A - Gas flow through horizontal coke oven regenerator sections - Google Patents

Gas flow through horizontal coke oven regenerator sections Download PDF

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Publication number
US3806426A
US3806426A US00170492A US17049271A US3806426A US 3806426 A US3806426 A US 3806426A US 00170492 A US00170492 A US 00170492A US 17049271 A US17049271 A US 17049271A US 3806426 A US3806426 A US 3806426A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
regenerator
sole flue
flue
gas
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00170492A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Helm
J Airgood
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raymond Kaiser Engineers Inc
Original Assignee
Koppers Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koppers Co Inc filed Critical Koppers Co Inc
Priority to US00170492A priority Critical patent/US3806426A/en
Priority to CA138,959A priority patent/CA966801A/en
Priority to DE2237347A priority patent/DE2237347B2/de
Priority to ZA725244A priority patent/ZA725244B/xx
Priority to FR727228125A priority patent/FR2148472B1/fr
Priority to GB3724672A priority patent/GB1386681A/en
Priority to JP47080318A priority patent/JPS5744717B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3806426A publication Critical patent/US3806426A/en
Assigned to RAYMOND KAISER ENGINEERS INC., A CORP OF OHIO reassignment RAYMOND KAISER ENGINEERS INC., A CORP OF OHIO ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: KOPPERS COMPANY, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
    • C10B21/10—Regulating and controlling the combustion
    • C10B21/16—Regulating and controlling the combustion by controlling or varying the openings between the heating flues and the regenerator flues

Definitions

  • waste gas flows through a regenerator section in a manner that a greater than average downflow of waste gas is provided at both end portions of the regenerator to provide effective end flue heating and counteract heat losses at the regenerator ends due to radiation and to atmospheric air infiltration.
  • a plurality of Venturi like sole flue ports having varying cross-sectional configurations are provided for regulating gas flow through the regenerator.
  • This invention relates to the heating of regenerative horizontal coke ovens, and more particularly to an improved gas flow pattern through the regenerator sections of such coke ovens.
  • regenerator ports are provided for connecting a regenerator sole flue with a regenerator.
  • the regenerator ports may have varying cross section for compensating for pressure variations in the sole flue whereby uniform flow through the regenerator during both upflow and downflow periods is obtained.
  • the pressure conditions within the sole flue are such that the pressure differential between the sole flue and the bottom of the regenerator on upflow gradually increases from the inlet end of the sole flue toward the closed end, and on downflow the pressure differential gradually decreases from the open end toward the closed end of the sole flue.
  • the Venturi type ports with graduated top and bottom diameters compensate for these differences in pressure differential.
  • This invention provides an improved gas flow pattern through a regenerative coke oven whereby excessive cooling effect in the regenerator end portions thereof due to radiation heat losses and cold air infiltration into the heating system is counteracted. Additionally, the invention provides a gas-distributing means in a coke oven whereby combustion gases formed in a heating flue may pass into an oven regenerator section in a manner whereby the end portions thereof are adequately and efliciently heated.
  • An array of sole flue rider tile is provided disposed between the regenerator base portions and a sole flue carrying lean gas or air to the coke oven battery through which gases may pass into and out from a regenerator in the manner described hereabove.
  • the array of sole flue rider tile so disposed comprises a plurality of Venturi type sole flue ports having varying cross-sectional configurations, whereby such sole flue ports may be disposed lengthwise of a regenerator for controlling gas flow therethrough at pre-selected rates due to the carefully graduated top and bottom openings of the ports.
  • the array of Venturi type sole flue ports may be formed by first selecting a given set of desired flow conditions and flow patterns for gases passing through a regenerator section, and thereafter calculating pressure conditions from port to port within a sole flue which may yield the desired flow pattern, both on upflow and downflow, and finally providing Venturi type sole flue ports which provide the preselected and predetermined desired flow pattern.
  • an array of sole flue ports may be provided for obtaining the desired uniform upflow of lean gas and air through an upfiow regenerator and non-uniform downflow of waste gas through a cooperating downflow regenerator.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic vertical section taken transversely of a coke oven battery of the well-known Koppers- Becker crossover type coke oven wherein there is additionally embodied the features of the invention.
  • the partial section AA thereof is taken longitudinally through a heating wall and a regenerator chamber, While section BB thereof is taken through a coking chamber and a regenerator chamber, along line BB of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a section taken along the line IIII of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken along the line III-III of FIG. 2 illustrating in top plan a sole flue port assembly useful in the invention.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 each represent sole flue ports of varying cross section employed in a sole flue port array according to the invention.
  • a coke oven battery 10 is illustrated and comprises in general a plurality of coking chambers 11 and heating walls 12 that are disposed in alternation, progressing in the lengthwise direction of battery 10.
  • Heating walls 12 are made up of a series of vertical flues 13, which generally comprises individual heating chambers, disposed in side-by-side relationship extending crosswise of battery 10.
  • a combustible gas is burned to provide heat along heating walls 12.
  • each crossover duct 14 can be considered as connecting to flow groups of flues 13, one of each such pair of connected flow groups receiving for a period of time the waste combustion gases from the burning operation being conducted in the other group of the pair. At the end of a period of time, the system is reversed and thereby the relative functions of these flow groups is alternated.
  • each coking chamber 11 in the oven there are provided a series of cross-regenerators 17 extending in a parallel direction to the series of vertical flame flues 13 in each heating wall 12 and communicating directly therewith.
  • the flame flues 13 and cross-regenerators 17 are connected by suitable means such as a regenerator port and duct assemblies 18.
  • Each heating flue 13 is individually so connected with two cross-regenerators 17 therebeneath, each such regenerator 17 being arranged to preheat combustion air at such times as the heating flues are being under-fired with rich fuel gas as, for example, obtains when the oven of the battery is under-fired with coke oven gas.
  • One of the regenerators 17 of a pair of regenerators with which each flue 13 is connected is likewise adapted to preheat a lean fuel gas delivered thereto from a lean-fuel-gas main flow box (not shown) in a conventional manner to an inlet 19 (FIG. 1) to a sole flue 20 for that regenerator.
  • the provision of lean gas to a regenerator through a sole flue therefor is well known, for example, in those instances where an oven is operated as a gas oven and is therefore under-fired with an extraneously derived lean gas, such as blast furnace or producer gas.
  • the invention herein is especially useful in such ovens as well be more fully explained hereafter.
  • Each regenerator 17 contains checker brick 22 and the regenerators in general are divided, in a manner well known in the art, into two sets which, as mentioned hereinabove, operate in alternation.
  • gas flow is shown through the regenerator section 17a (upfiow) at section A-A for preheating while at the same time a second regenerator section 17b (downflow) in section BB is receiving and discharging hot combustion products leaving the off set of flame flues 13 to thereby impart heat to the checker brick therein for preheating air or lean gas on the next reversal of oven operation.
  • Preheated lean gas or air leaving upfiow regenerator section passes into flues 13 and is there burned for heating a wall 12 in contact with the burning or on flues. Burners and the like are not here described by may be of conventional or known type such as described in Becker Pats. Nos. 3,222,260 and 2,100,762.
  • an array of sole flue rider tile 31 are provided disposed between regenerator sole flue 20 and the base of a rengerator 18.
  • Each of the sole flue rider tile 31 has a port 30 or passageway therethrough through which gases may pass from sole flue 20 to regenerator 17, both of which are provided with appropriate entryways for gases located in line with the channels in sole flue rider tile.
  • Each of sole flue rider tile 31 may comprise a conventional refractory composition stable under coke oven conditions.
  • the array of sole flue rider tile and ports 30 extends the length of a regenerator 17 and comprises a plurality of sole flue ports 30 having varying cross sectional configurations.
  • each sole flue port 30 is a Venturi type port having top and bottom diameter portion openings, as at 32 and 34 respectively (FIGS. 4, 5 and 6) which may be graduated in size for providing a predetermined, desired air, lean gas or waste gas distribution from end to end of the regenerator 17 despite the difference in pressure differential along the length of the sole flue 20.
  • top and bottom diameters of the sole flue ports 30 Will pro prise a corresponding regulation of flow rate through the Venturi type ports.
  • the array of sole flue rider tile 31 extending the length of a regenerator 17, and disposed between that regenerator and a sole flue 20 therefor, is provided with a plurality of Venturi type sole flue ports 30 having varying cross sectional configurations whereby flow is regulated through the sole flue ports in a desired fashion. More particularly, according to the invention, flow of lean gas or air through a regenerator 17 during upfiow cycle is regulated whereby lean gas or air flows through a regenerator 17 in a substantially uniform. fashion for providing optimum regenerator efliciency and permitting the desired distribution through regenerator ports 18 into flame flues 13.
  • hot combustion gases formed in flame flues 13 may pass through horizontal flue 16 and crossover duct 14 into an oif set of flues 13 and finally into a corresponding downflow regenerator 17.
  • the flow of hot combustion gases, or waste gas, through downflow regenerator 17 is controlled so that both ends of the regenerator section receive a volume of waste gas in excess of the volume passing through the center portion of the regenerator. For that reason, the end portions of the downflow regenerator 17 are efliciently and effectively heated by the waste gas in a manner whereby the cooling effect heretofore known due to radiation losses and cold air infiltration at the regenerator end sections is substantially counteracted.
  • the end portions of the downflow regenerator are sufficiently preheated whereby lean gas or air entering the regenerator on the next reversal for preheating prior to entering a flame flue 13 above the regenerator is sufliciently preheated, and consequently, poor end flue heating is avoided.
  • the Venturi like sole flue port array is appropriately sized for yielding that desired gas flow.
  • FIG. 3 a top plan view of a sole flue port assembly including two Venturi like sole flue ports 30 is shown in top plan taken along the line III-III of FIG. 2.
  • Each sole flue port pair is formed of a pair of refractory sole flue rider tiles 31 each having been appropriately formed for providing a pair of identical Venturi forms of desired cross sectional configuration.
  • Rider tiles 31 are adapted to be fitted together face to face, and may be aligned and held in place by means of a key-style lock formed of an outwardly extending refractory portion, or key, 33 extending into an appropriate opening, or keyway, 35 provided in respective matching pairs of rider tiles 31.
  • the Venturi like sole flue ports 30 formed of a pair of tiles 31 have varying cross sectional configurations and are spaced apart along the length of a regenerator 17.
  • a rider tile 31 is shown including a Venturi like shape therein having a wider top opening or top diameter portion 32 than bottom diameter portion 34.
  • a tile 31 has a Venturi form having nearly identical top and bottom diameter portions 32 and 34 respectively.
  • a rider tile 31 has a Venturi shape therein having a top diameter 32 smaller than its bottom diameter 34.
  • Each of the sole flue port pairs listed in the foregoing table was formed of pairs of rider tiles 31 having appropriate Venturi forms formed therein each tile being 7 inches wide and 7 inches thick. Each had an overall length of about 13 inches. The top and bottom openings in each port therein were well rounded and had a radius of not less than about inch, for providing an effective port length of about 6% inches.
  • the foregoing array of tiles provided substantially uniform flow of air through the entire array of ports across the lengths of the regenerator sole flue during upflow.
  • waste gas flowing through a downflow regenerator flowed through the first three port pairs on each end of the regenerator at about 1.36 times the average volume flow, through the next four port pairs on each end at about 1.19 times the average flow, through the next three port pairs at about 1.02 times the average flow and through the remaining ports at about 0.94 times the average flow.
  • the end portions of the regenerator are effectively and efliciently heated by the high volume of waste gas passing therethrough, and good end flue heating was obtained.
  • sole flue port sizes in the array as set forth in the example above are made with the aid of an electronic computer program for calculating the pressure conditions from port to port and through each port within a sole flue array, both on upflow and downflow, while making appropriate allowances for friction losses within the sole flue, changes in the velocity pressure along the length of the sole flue, and for friction losses through the multiplicity of sole flue port openings. Additionally, such factors as sole flue roughness, changes in air and waste gas temperature, density, viscosities, and the like are also accounted for in the calculation. Thus the sole flue port sizes and configuration may be formulated for the desired gas flow pattern according to the invention.
  • gas flow distribution attained in the foregoing example is not necessarily a limiting distribution, but is illustrative of that useful in the particular coke oven battery there described. It should be appreciated that optimum gas flow patterns according to the invention will vary with such factors as oven height and oven length, waste gas collection systems, height and width of the regenerators, and the like. It is believed that a flow ratio of between about 1.2 to 1.4 of waste gas volume to the end portions of a regenerator to the average overall waste gas flowing through an entire oven regenerator section should be, in most cases, sufiicient to attain eflicient end flue heating.
  • suflicient heat may be provided to overcome any heat losses at the oven end portions due, for example, to radiation losses or infiltration of cold air into the oven.
  • a regenerative coke oven having a regenerator with end portions and an intermediate portion and a sole flue extending beneath the entire length of said regenerator comprising,
  • said plurality of ports having varying cross-sectional configurations to regulate the upflow and downflow of gases between said sole flue and said regenerator so that gases pass upwardly at a substantially uniform rate of flow through said ports into said regenerator along the entire length of said regenerator, and downwardly at a non-uniform rate of flow from said regenerator to said sole flue to provide an increased downflow rate of flow of gases at both ends of said regenerator relative to the downflow rate of flow of said gases through the intermediate section of said regenerator.
  • each of said ports has a Venturi like configuration with a top opening and a bottom opening.
  • end of said sole flue rider tile includes,
  • regenerator includes an undivided regenerator section extending along the length of said coke oven.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
US00170492A 1971-08-10 1971-08-10 Gas flow through horizontal coke oven regenerator sections Expired - Lifetime US3806426A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00170492A US3806426A (en) 1971-08-10 1971-08-10 Gas flow through horizontal coke oven regenerator sections
CA138,959A CA966801A (en) 1971-08-10 1972-04-05 Gas flow through horizontal coke oven regenerator sections
DE2237347A DE2237347B2 (de) 1971-08-10 1972-07-29 Regenerativkoksofenbatterie
ZA725244A ZA725244B (en) 1971-08-10 1972-07-31 Improvements in or relating to coke ovens
FR727228125A FR2148472B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-10 1972-08-03
GB3724672A GB1386681A (en) 1971-08-10 1972-08-09 Coke ovens
JP47080318A JPS5744717B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-10 1972-08-10

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00170492A US3806426A (en) 1971-08-10 1971-08-10 Gas flow through horizontal coke oven regenerator sections

Publications (1)

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US3806426A true US3806426A (en) 1974-04-23

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US00170492A Expired - Lifetime US3806426A (en) 1971-08-10 1971-08-10 Gas flow through horizontal coke oven regenerator sections

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3806426A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5744717B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA966801A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2237347B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2148472B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1386681A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA725244B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4239600A (en) * 1980-01-30 1980-12-16 Koppers Company, Inc. Tall coke oven sole flue

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58148815A (ja) * 1982-02-26 1983-09-05 Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd 複合医薬製剤の製法
JPS6233426U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1985-08-16 1987-02-27

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4239600A (en) * 1980-01-30 1980-12-16 Koppers Company, Inc. Tall coke oven sole flue

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2148472B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-12
ZA725244B (en) 1973-06-27
DE2237347B2 (de) 1980-10-09
FR2148472A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-03-23
CA966801A (en) 1975-04-29
JPS5744717B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1982-09-22
GB1386681A (en) 1975-03-12
DE2237347A1 (de) 1973-02-22
JPS4826201A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-04-06

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: RAYMOND KAISER ENGINEERS INC., OAKLAND CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:KOPPERS COMPANY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004292/0615

Effective date: 19840503