US3803864A - Air conditioning control system - Google Patents

Air conditioning control system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3803864A
US3803864A US00269637A US26963772A US3803864A US 3803864 A US3803864 A US 3803864A US 00269637 A US00269637 A US 00269637A US 26963772 A US26963772 A US 26963772A US 3803864 A US3803864 A US 3803864A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
evaporator
temperature
pressure
compressor
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00269637A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Cooper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
York International Corp
Original Assignee
Borg Warner Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Borg Warner Corp filed Critical Borg Warner Corp
Priority to US00269637A priority Critical patent/US3803864A/en
Priority to GB2539273A priority patent/GB1429872A/en
Priority to IT26134/73A priority patent/IT990886B/it
Priority to JP48077005A priority patent/JPS4951653A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3803864A publication Critical patent/US3803864A/en
Assigned to YORK INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, 631 SOUTH RICHLAND AVENUE, YORK, PA 17403, A CORP. OF DE reassignment YORK INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, 631 SOUTH RICHLAND AVENUE, YORK, PA 17403, A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BORG-WARNER CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1405—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification in which the humidity of the air is exclusively affected by contact with the evaporator of a closed-circuit cooling system or heat pump circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
    • F25B41/33—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by the fluid pressure, e.g. by the pressure of the refrigerant
    • F25B41/335—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by the fluid pressure, e.g. by the pressure of the refrigerant via diaphragms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A refrigerant control system, particularly useful for air Conditioning apparatus, including means for operating the system with a relatively high evaporator pressure during the time the temperature within the cooled space is being reduced to its desired level. While such temperature level is being reduced, a constant pressure expansion device is adjusted to maintain the control point at a lower temperature (and pressure) to effect dehumidification.
  • the critical part of the system is in the compressor.
  • the efficiency of the compressor is materially reduced in that the refrigerant taken in the suction side of the compressor is in a smaller quantity and less work can be performed on the refrigerant.
  • Automotive applications also present a problem with respect to start-up conditions. For example, the temperature of the air in an enclosed vehicle space, if the'auto is parked in the sun with the air conditioning off, may reach as high as 160F.
  • the system should be operated in such a manner as to bring this temperature down as fast as possible to avoid discomfort to the occupants.
  • the evaporator pressure should be kept relatively high. This allows more refrigerant to be taken into the compressor suction and provides for efiicient use of the entire evaporator coil surface. In others words, during pull-down under normal conditions the refrigerant will completely evaporate in the first section of the evaporator coil. Beyondthis point, the temperature of the refrigerant vapor rises (is superheated) and then passes to the compressor suction port. With an adequately sized evaporator coil the pressure can be raised to effectively increase the capacity of the compressor and utilize most of the evaporator coil surface. To satisfy the requirement of dehumidification after pull-down has been completed, the evaporator pressure should then be lowered to a point slightly above the temperature at which coil freeze up can occur.
  • This may be accomplished by means of a thermally responsive bulb which senses interior air temperature (or a related variable indicative thereof) and readjusts the control or balance point of the expansion device by producing an opposing force on the actuating diaphragm. With respect to the related variable sensed, this may be the temperature of refrigerant leaving the evaporator coil or the temperature of air on the evaporator coil.
  • FIGURE is a schematic or diagrammatic view of an air conditioning system constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the air conditioning system of the present invention includes a compressor 10, a condenser 12, an expansion device 14 and an evaporator 16 all connected to provide a closed circuit refrigeration system.
  • Refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 is delivered to the condenser through line 18.
  • the liquified refrigerant is then passed through line 20 to expansion device 14, which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the refrigerant passes through the expansion device from high pressure side to low pressure side, itflows through line 22 to the evaporator 16 which cools the air circulated over it by fan 17.
  • the refrigerant then flows through line 24, commonly referred to as the suction gas line, to the suction connection of compressor 10.
  • a superheat regulating valve 25 is located between the evaporator and the compressor in line 24. Since the construction and operation is described in detail in the above-identified Newton application it is incorporated by reference.
  • Expansion device 14 comprises a valve having a casing 30, a valve member 32 adapted to be seated on valve seat 34, inlet 36 and outlet 38.
  • Valve member 32 is connected to a stem 38 which is secured at its opposite end to an actuating diaphragm 40.
  • Spring 42 is seated upon a spring support member 43 and tends to urge the valve member toward a closed position against seat 34.
  • Spring 44 located in the upper portion of the casing 30 engages the diaphragm 40 and biases the same in a downward position tending to open the valve by urging valve member 32 away from the seat.
  • an important feature of the invention is the provision of means for establishing a control signal indicative of the interior air temperature and using such signal to vary the control point of the expansion device I4.
  • a fluid connection by means of capillary tube 50, to thermal expansion bulb 52.
  • the bulb 52 which as previously noted may be located in a position to sense interior air temperature, off-coil air temperature, or suction line refrigerant temperature, will be relatively warm. Accordingly, the fluid charge in the bulb and capillary will be at a high pressure, tending to establish a relatively high pressure not only within the bulb itself but also in chamber 56 which is part of the same closed system. This pressure acting against the upper surface of diaphragm 40 will tend to bias the valve member to its open position and establish a control point effecting a relatively high pressure on the downstream side of the valve, and in the evaporator itself.
  • the pressure on the downstream side of the valve will be maintained constant by the pressure acting against the under side of the diaphragm 40. For example, if the load is changed so as to increase the downstream pressure, this pressure will be applied through passage 45 to the under side of the diaphragm 40, tending to close the valve. If the pressure is reduced for some reason, the opposite result occurs.
  • the bulb temperature will be reduced tending to reduce the pressure in chamber 56 to relieve the pressure on the upper surface of the diaphragm. This will gradually shift control point at lower and lower pressures until such time as the pulldown phase has been completed. At this point, the evaporator pressure will be established at a point slightly above the temperature at which freeze up can occur, but at a low enough temperature to effect the desired dehumidification of air passing through the evaporator coil.
  • a combination comprising: a compressor; a condenser; a constant pressure expansion device; and an evaporator all connected to provide a closed, vapor cycle system through which a refrigerant is circulated; means for circulating air to be conditioned through said evaporator to a space, the temperature of which is to be controlled; a superheat regulating valve interposed between said evaporator and said compressor to control the flow of refrigerant therebetween and maintain a predetermined superheat of refrigerant flowing to said compressor; means for establishing a control signal which is a function of the temperature of air within the controlled space and means for applying said signal to said constant pressure expansion device to vary the control point thereof, and the corresponding evaporator pressure, whereby the evaporator pressure is established at a lower value when the temperature of the controlled space is below some predetermined value.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
US00269637A 1972-07-07 1972-07-07 Air conditioning control system Expired - Lifetime US3803864A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00269637A US3803864A (en) 1972-07-07 1972-07-07 Air conditioning control system
GB2539273A GB1429872A (en) 1972-07-07 1973-05-29 Refrigerating system
IT26134/73A IT990886B (it) 1972-07-07 1973-07-03 Unita di regolazione per il condizionamento dell aria
JP48077005A JPS4951653A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-07 1973-07-07

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00269637A US3803864A (en) 1972-07-07 1972-07-07 Air conditioning control system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3803864A true US3803864A (en) 1974-04-16

Family

ID=23028068

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00269637A Expired - Lifetime US3803864A (en) 1972-07-07 1972-07-07 Air conditioning control system

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3803864A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4951653A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1429872A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT990886B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118209A (en) * 1975-07-18 1978-10-03 Pakhoed-Rotterdam B.V. Climate-control unit particularly for incorporation in a container
US4236669A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-12-02 Borg-Warner Corporation Thermostatic expansion valve with lead-lag compensation
US4742689A (en) * 1986-03-18 1988-05-10 Mydax, Inc. Constant temperature maintaining refrigeration system using proportional flow throttling valve and controlled bypass loop
US4788834A (en) * 1986-11-11 1988-12-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method and system for controlling magnetic field generating unit in magnetic resonance imaging apparatus
US4967830A (en) * 1988-05-02 1990-11-06 Eubank Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Arcuate tubular evaporator heat exchanger
EP0777843A4 (en) * 1994-08-25 1999-03-31 Richard H Alsenz SELF-ADJUSTING OVERHEAT REGULATOR

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1408744A (en) * 1920-01-09 1922-03-07 Keen Harold Perot Thermostatically-operated ammonia expansion valve
US1618815A (en) * 1922-08-11 1927-02-22 Cash A W Co Refrigerating system and appliance

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5219433B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-08-16 1977-05-27

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1408744A (en) * 1920-01-09 1922-03-07 Keen Harold Perot Thermostatically-operated ammonia expansion valve
US1618815A (en) * 1922-08-11 1927-02-22 Cash A W Co Refrigerating system and appliance

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118209A (en) * 1975-07-18 1978-10-03 Pakhoed-Rotterdam B.V. Climate-control unit particularly for incorporation in a container
US4236669A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-12-02 Borg-Warner Corporation Thermostatic expansion valve with lead-lag compensation
US4742689A (en) * 1986-03-18 1988-05-10 Mydax, Inc. Constant temperature maintaining refrigeration system using proportional flow throttling valve and controlled bypass loop
US4788834A (en) * 1986-11-11 1988-12-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method and system for controlling magnetic field generating unit in magnetic resonance imaging apparatus
US4967830A (en) * 1988-05-02 1990-11-06 Eubank Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Arcuate tubular evaporator heat exchanger
EP0777843A4 (en) * 1994-08-25 1999-03-31 Richard H Alsenz SELF-ADJUSTING OVERHEAT REGULATOR

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1429872A (en) 1976-03-31
JPS4951653A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-20
IT990886B (it) 1975-07-10

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Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: YORK INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, 631 SOUTH RICHLAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. EFFECTIVE;ASSIGNOR:BORG-WARNER CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004676/0360

Effective date: 19860609