US3800187A - Flash lighting arrangement - Google Patents

Flash lighting arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US3800187A
US3800187A US00247318A US24731872A US3800187A US 3800187 A US3800187 A US 3800187A US 00247318 A US00247318 A US 00247318A US 24731872 A US24731872 A US 24731872A US 3800187 A US3800187 A US 3800187A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
discharge
flash
flash tube
storage capacitor
series
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00247318A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Ludloff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Multiblitz Mannesmann GmbH
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Multiblitz Mannesmann GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/012—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for manufacturing wire harnesses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/70—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr
    • H01J61/80—Lamps suitable only for intermittent operation, e.g. flash lamp
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for forming connections by deformation, e.g. crimping tool
    • H01R43/048—Crimping apparatus or processes
    • H01R43/052—Crimping apparatus or processes with wire-feeding mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/30—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by pulses, e.g. flash lamp
    • H05B41/32—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by pulses, e.g. flash lamp for single flash operation

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT For generating short-wave radiation flashes an electron flash tube is operated with such a small resistance in the discharge circuit that the peak current of the discharge is substantially defined only by the flash tube the resistance of the remaining discharge circuit being negligible.
  • the tube contains a dead space and is preferably operated stroboscopically at a frequency in the order of magnitude of the main frequency.
  • This invention relates to a flash lighting arrangement for generating short-wave radiation flashes of high intensity by using an electron flash tube ignitable by means of ignition electrode and a storage capacitor discharging via the electron flash tube.
  • the invention is based on an examination for such flash lighting arrangements for the photoinitiation of drying or hardening processes with the goal of determining the parameters critical for a positive result of the respective tests and of indicating teachings for technical action which lead to reliably reproducible results.
  • the electron flash tube is operated with-such a small resistance in the discharge circuit that the peak current ofthe discharge is substantially determined by the flash tube only.
  • This condition can be checked in that then, for instance a further reduction of the resistance in the dicharge circuit has no noticeable influence on the flash current.
  • the flash tube resistance first is of an order of magnitude of milliohm and thus, is smaller by orders of magnitude than the values of a few ohms which are generally indicated as flash tube resistance during normal discharge.
  • the ohmic resistance of the leads also if small with respect to the indicated normal flash tube resistance and amounting, for instance, to 0.] ohm, has a noticeable influence.
  • the critically low value in addition to being below 0.] ohm, may be further defined as a value at which the discharge current value is determined substantially by the tube itself, and the flash current has the characteristics of an oscillation, i.e., the characteristics of a substantially undamped condenser discharge,
  • a flash tube of UV-transmitting material including a discharge channel and which includes a dead space disposed outside of the discharge channel, whose volume is at least equal to the volume of the discharge channel.
  • the flash tube is operated stroboscopically at a frequency of half of, to double the mains frequency, such as between 25 to cycles, the energy of each individual flash being dimensioned in accordance with the rating of the tube.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit diagram of an instrument according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a flash tube preferably used with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the measuring arrangement used in the examinations on which the invention is based.
  • FIGS. 4a 2 illustrate flash current curves which were observed in a first type of tube with different resistances in the discharge circuit at a capacity of the storage capacitor of 5 #F with the measuring arrangement of FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 5a e and FIGS. 6a e illustrate respective curves for a capacity of the storage capacitor of IO 2F, respectively 25 [.LF.
  • FIG. 7a d illustrates the flash current waveforms for another type of flash tube at different capacities of the storage capacitor.
  • FIG. 8a d shows respective illustrations for a flash tube of the same type as in FIG. 7, but with lower gas pressure.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the dependence of the photochemical effect on the flash frequency.
  • a transformer 10 to whose primary winding 12 the a.c. voltage from mains is applied, has two secondary windings l4 and 16.
  • a rectifier bridge 18 via which a storage capacitor 20 is charged, is connected to the secondary winding 14.
  • the storage capacitor 20 is connected to an electron flash tube 22, the ohmic resistance of the outer discharge circuit (capacitor, leadins without flash tube) being symbolized by the resistance R.
  • the flash tube 22 is ignited via an ignition electrode 24, which is connected in the customary manner to the secondary side of an ignition transformer 26. Via the primary winding of the ignition transformer 26 an ignition capacitor 28 discharges and generates an ignition pulse across the ignition electrode 24, by which the flash tube 22 is ignited.
  • the ignition capacitor 28 is charged by the dc voltage applied to the flash tube 22 via a respective voltage divider 30, 32. The discharge takes place periodically at double the mains frequency, for instance, 100 cycles, and the flash tube 22 is ignited at the same frequency.
  • the secondary winding 16 of the transformer is effective to charge a capacitor 38 via a rectifier bridge 34 and a charging resistor 36, whose voltage in case of appropriate dimensioning rises approximately according to the curve 40 (FIG. 1) and finally ignites a thyristor 42 which discharges the ignition capacitor 28 via the primary winding of the ignition transformer 26.
  • the capacitor 38 discharges via the ignition path of the thyristor. This takes place during each halfperiod of the a.c. voltage from mains, so that during each halfperiod the storage capacitor is charged approximately according to the curve 44, the flash tube 22 is ignited and the storage capacitor discharges via the same.
  • the electron flash tube 22 is shown in a longitudinal section in FIG. 2. It has a relatively narrow straight tubular discharge channel 46. This discharge channel is followed by dead spaces 48, 50 on both sides, the volumes of each of the dead spaces being approximately equal to the volume of the discharge channel 46.
  • the electrodes 52, 54 extend axially through the spaces 48, 50 and end just short of the ends of the discharge channel so that there is almost no discharge in the spaces 48, 50.
  • the cross-section of the discharge channel 46 is not completely filled out by the flash discharge.
  • the electron flash tube consists of UV-transmitting quartz.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates schematically a measuring arrangement with which the effects of the different parameters on the course and the photochemical effect of the generated flash discharge were investigated. Corresponding parts are referenced by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.
  • An ohmic measuring resistor R is connected in the discharge circuit. The voltage dropping across this measuring resistor was applied to the y-plates ofa storage oscillograph. The resistor R was varied in part of the tests.
  • Type A is a customary flash tube of4 mm internal diameter and a dead gas volume as small as possible.
  • Type B is a flash tube of 10 mm internal diameter and electrodes directly melted into the ends similarly to type A.
  • Type C is a flash tube similar to FIG. 2 with dead spaces at each end of the discharge channel which latter also has an internal diameter of 4 mm.
  • a straight flash tube of type A of 400 mm length and an internal diameter of 4 mm and filled with inert gas was operated with, whose gas pressure was 270 mm mercury column.
  • the storage capacitor was a metallic paper capacitor.
  • the amplitude of the flash current with a decrease in the lead resistances first increases to a relatively small extent only, for instance from 550 amps to 595 amps, while maintaining the normal exponential discharge course.
  • a damped oscillation passing through zero is formed, the amplitide of the oscillation rising very strongly, for instance to 3640 amps at 5 p.F. It can be seen that such oscillations are superimposed on the exponential discharge curve weakly previously already and increasingly with decreasing lead resistance.
  • the peak current is substantially proportional to the voltage to which the storage capacitor is charged. Accordingly, the photochemical effect of the flash discharge changes, at which apparently primarily UV-radiation is produced.
  • the lead resistance is reduced until an oscillation passing through zero is produced in the flash tube.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 As is recognizable from a comparision of the FIGS. 7 and 8, with tubes of the type C in contrast to the types A and B within broad limits practically no dependence on the filling pressure of the tube is obtained.
  • FIG. 7 was recorded on a flash tube with a filling pressure of 350 mm mercury column
  • FIG. 8 on a flash tube with a filling pressure of 250 mm mercury column.
  • With flash tubes of the type A or B oscillation effects of the described type are only obtained at relatively low filling pressures 280 mm mercury column.
  • UV radiation is essential to the photochemical effect (varnish drying, drying of printing inks). This also results from theoretical considerations and is known per se.
  • Such ultraviolet radiation occurs primarily at low gas pressure of a flash tube. If by the flash discharge in the course thereof the gas pressure increases, the emitted spectrum moves towards the visible and longwave. The provision of dead spaces in the gas chamber of the flash tube according to type C counteracts such a pressure rise so that a higher yield of ultraviolet radiation must be obtained.
  • a short-wave light flash-generator for photochemi cal treatment by a continuous series of distinct highsurge flashes including a storage capacitor and an elec tron flash tube, of ultraviolet transmitting material, ignitable by means of an ignition electrode to discharge the storage capacitor through a discharge circuit in series with the flash tube, and having circuitry for connection to an A.C. power source for charging said storage capacitor and energizing said ignition electrode to produce a series of time-separated flashes at a frequency from half to double the power source frequency, characterized in that:
  • the discharge circuit has a resistance substantially below 0.] ohm and so low that the peak current of the discharge is substantially determined only by the flash tube.
  • a short-wave light flash-generator for photochemical treatment by a continuous series of distinct highsurge flashes including a storage capacitor and an electron flash tube, of ultra-violet transmitting material, ignitable by means of an ignition electrode to discharge the storage capacitor through a discharge circuit in series with the flash tube, and having circuitry for connection to an A.C. power source for charging said storage capacitor and energizing said ignition electrode to produce a series of time-separated flashes at a frequency from half to double the power source frequency, characterized in that:
  • the discharge circuit has a resistance substantially below 0.l ohm and so low that the successive discharges through the tube are characteristic of substantially undamped condenser discharges in being heavy surges of substantially shorter duration than the time available as determined by the frequency of the flashes.
  • a short-wave light flash-generator for photochemical treatment by a continuous series of distinct highsurge flashes incuding a storage capacitor and an electron flash tube, of ultraviolet transmitting material, ignitable by means of an ignition electrode to discharge the storage capacitor through a discharge circuit in series with the flash tube, and having circuitry for connection to an AC. power source for charging said storage capacitor and energizing said ignition electrode to produce a series of time-separated flashes at a frequency from half to double the power source'frequency, characterized in that:
  • a short-wave light flash-generator for photochemical treatment by a continuous series of distinct highsurge flashes including a stroage capacitor and an electron flash tube, of ultraviolet transmitting material, ignitable by means of an ignition electrode to discharge the storage capacitor through a discharge circuit in series with the flash tube, and having circuitry for connection to an AC. power source for charging said storage capacitor and energizing said ignition electrode to produce a series of time-separated flashes at a frequency from half to double the power source frequency, characterized in that:
  • the discharge circuit has a resistance substantially below 0.1 ohm and so low that the peak current of the discharge is substantially determined only by the flash tube; and the flash tube has a tubular discharge channel of an internal diameter of less than 5 mm which is not filled completely by the discharge, and that the discharge channel is open to dead spaces on both sides of larger internal diameter, each of which has a volume at least equal to the volume of the discharge channel,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Discharge-Lamp Control Circuits And Pulse- Feed Circuits (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
US00247318A 1971-04-28 1972-04-25 Flash lighting arrangement Expired - Lifetime US3800187A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712120777 DE2120777A1 (de) 1971-04-28 1971-04-28 Blitzleuchtenanordnung

Publications (1)

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US3800187A true US3800187A (en) 1974-03-26

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US00247318A Expired - Lifetime US3800187A (en) 1971-04-28 1972-04-25 Flash lighting arrangement

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Country Link
US (1) US3800187A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
AT (2) AT346181B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
CA (1) CA945622A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
CH (1) CH577260A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
DE (1) DE2120777A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
FR (1) FR2139860B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
GB (1) GB1346521A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
IT (1) IT953804B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
NL (1) NL7205576A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4054815A (en) * 1975-04-15 1977-10-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit arrangement for igniting a gas discharge flash tube
US10790784B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2020-09-29 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Generation and synchronization of pulse-width modulated (PWM) waveforms for radio-frequency (RF) applications

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2472833A1 (fr) * 1979-12-27 1981-07-03 Cit Alcatel Source d'eclairage pour analyse ligne par ligne d'un document
JPS56161054A (en) * 1980-05-15 1981-12-11 Ushio Electric Inc Sterilizing method
US5034235A (en) * 1983-11-23 1991-07-23 Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. Methods for presevation of foodstuffs
US4910942A (en) * 1983-11-23 1990-03-27 Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. Methods for aseptic packaging of medical devices
US4871559A (en) * 1983-11-23 1989-10-03 Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. Methods for preservation of foodstuffs
DE4303624C2 (de) * 1993-02-09 1999-03-04 Gerhard Dr Ing Egberts Strahlungsquelle zur Erzeugung von Vakuum-UV-Strahlung
DE4325718C2 (de) * 1993-08-02 1999-03-11 Xenotest Ges Fuer Die Herstell Beleuchtungsanordnung für Licht- und Wetterechtheitsprüfgeräte mit einer Xenon-Gas-Entladungslampe
WO1996009776A1 (en) * 1994-09-27 1996-04-04 Purepulse Technologies, Inc. Photocatalyst and pulsed light synergism in deactivation of contaminants
SE510830C2 (sv) * 1995-02-16 1999-06-28 Pure Pulse Technologies Inc Sätt att med god hållbarhet förpacka färskt kött i en förpackning av plast
DE69626313T2 (de) 1995-10-26 2003-11-27 Purepulse Technologies, Inc. Desaktivierung von organischen mit polychromatischem hochintensitätspulslicht
US5768853A (en) * 1996-02-15 1998-06-23 Purepulse Technologies, Inc. Deactivation of microorganisms
US6565803B1 (en) 1998-05-13 2003-05-20 Calgon Carbon Corporation Method for the inactivation of cryptosporidium parvum using ultraviolet light
DE10039383A1 (de) 2000-08-11 2002-02-28 Perkinelmer Optoelectronics Blitzlampe und Blitzlampenaufbau

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2714684A (en) * 1949-06-29 1955-08-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Low pressure fluoresecent and discharge lamps
US2993144A (en) * 1958-10-09 1961-07-18 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Resonant pulsing circuit
US3262043A (en) * 1963-08-08 1966-07-19 Bosch Elektronik Gmbh Electronic photoflash apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2714684A (en) * 1949-06-29 1955-08-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Low pressure fluoresecent and discharge lamps
US2993144A (en) * 1958-10-09 1961-07-18 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Resonant pulsing circuit
US3262043A (en) * 1963-08-08 1966-07-19 Bosch Elektronik Gmbh Electronic photoflash apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4054815A (en) * 1975-04-15 1977-10-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit arrangement for igniting a gas discharge flash tube
US10790784B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2020-09-29 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Generation and synchronization of pulse-width modulated (PWM) waveforms for radio-frequency (RF) applications

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1346521A (en) 1974-02-13
AT346181B (de) 1978-10-25
FR2139860B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1976-01-16
CA945622A (en) 1974-04-16
IT953804B (it) 1973-08-10
DE2120777A1 (de) 1972-11-02
CH577260A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1976-06-30
NL7205576A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1972-10-31
FR2139860A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1973-01-12
AT344272B (de) 1978-02-15
ATA344272A (de) 1978-02-15
ATA671074A (de) 1977-11-15

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