US3799858A - Current lead-in devices for containers employed in electrolytic treatments - Google Patents

Current lead-in devices for containers employed in electrolytic treatments Download PDF

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US3799858A
US3799858A US00253250A US25325072A US3799858A US 3799858 A US3799858 A US 3799858A US 00253250 A US00253250 A US 00253250A US 25325072 A US25325072 A US 25325072A US 3799858 A US3799858 A US 3799858A
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conductor
current
flexible
current lead
electrolyte
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H Henig
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/16—Apparatus for electrolytic coating of small objects in bulk

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  • a current lead-in device for supplying direct current to rotatable electrolytic containers, especially tumbling barrels for electroplating metal or plastics parts in bulk consists essentially of a flexible conductor surrounded by a flexible casing which is electrically insulating and chemically resistant against the electrolyte, and also includes means for rotating the conductor synchrously with the container, operative upon the conductor at two or more points spaced apart thereon, usually above all the ends thereof.
  • This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in or relating to current lead-in devices for containers employed in electrolytic treatments.
  • the two ends of the cable are at right-angles to one another, and consequently the cable forms a quadrant, both ends of which are in some sense held but only one of which ends-the one fixed to the end Wall of the tumbling barrel-is rotationally driven. That drive from one end only of the cable has to overcome all the resistance of the continually-occurring deformation of the arcuate cable as well as the friction which occurs throughout the whole cable system; and from this it necessarily follows that the cable inevitably is torsionally stressed. Such frictional forces, accentuated by any counter-acting torques which may arise from any momentary jamming of the upper end of the cable in the bearing, mean that in use the flex ible, insulated cable tends to deform to an irregular helix.
  • Another form of known tumbling barrel includes supporting arms which are made of solid round steel bars bent through a quarter-circlefrom the vertical to the horizontal-at their lower ends.
  • the stumpy horizontal lower ends of the arms form the journal bearing and the co-acting metallic bearing bushes are positioned in the end walls of the rotating tumbling barrels.
  • a current lead-in for supplying electric current to a perforate container when completely or partially immersed in an electrolyte, above all for feeding direct current to tumbling barrels for bulk electroplating of small tumbleable parts made of metals or plastics, comprising in combination a flexible conductor and an insulating casing, surrounding said conductor along its length and formed of an insulating material both electrically and chemically resistant to the electrolyte, as well as means whereby said flexible current conductor is to be attached fixedly to the immersed container adjacent its rotational axis for rotation about the conductor axis synchronously therewith, and means operatively associated with said flexible current conductor at more than one point along the conductor axis whereby said flexible conductor may in operation be rotationally driven at said points synchronously with the rotation of the immersed container.
  • the current lead-in according to the invention is rotated synchronously with the immersed container by means of rotary drive mechanisms acting in at least two different places along its axis of rotation, and rather surprisingly it has been found that this arrangement does not permit any significant mechanical torque to be set up in the form of destructive torsions between any two points at which the rotational drive is applied to the lead-in conductor. It is preferred usually to provide two synchronous rotational drives, each of them adjacent different ends of the rflexible conductor.
  • the current lead-in according to the invention is formed primarily of a flexible metallic conductor and its insulating casing. While the term flexible as used herein relation to the conductor may cover articulated structures of all kinds, it is intended primarily to refer to plaited strips of the well-known kind.
  • the insulating casing surrounds the conductor concentrically, and consists of a material Which is electrically non-conductive and is sufiiciently resistant, both chemically as well as thermally, against the surrounding electrolyte.
  • the current lead-in according to the invention embraces various possible constructional variations, for instance embodiments wherein the conductor filaments are gathered into either one or more bundles, and/ or wherein the overall cross-sectional shape of the conductor is not only rectangular but also elliptical, circular or even irregular, and/or wherein the conductor includes further added components, such as flexible drive-shafts, openlink chains, etc., for mechanically supporting the current conductor or for transmitting the driving torque along the length thereof.
  • the conductor strips used which may be of any desired cross-sectional shape, even circular, are best made up from highly flexible copper wires of small diameter-- of the order of magnitude of 0.10 mm.and fastened together at their ends in seamless tag-lugs, thus by pressing and without solder.
  • the conductor strips to be used according to the invention can often conveniently be the heavy-duty, mains current cables for direct current, used in electrical engineering, whose core usually consists of a bundle of several conductor cords, which can then be insulated in a liquid-tight manner with an elastic casing formed of an electrical non-conductor.
  • the two rotational drive mechanisms operating at two different points along the axis of the current conductor, must be synchronized; and this may most conveniently be achieved by using a single motor source (for instance an electro-motor) for the two rotational drive mechanisms, each of which is driven therefrom via a gear wheel associated with the tumbling barrel.
  • a single motor source for instance an electro-motor
  • the driving system need not be the suggested gear-train, but this may be replaced partially or completely by V-belts or by chains and sprocket-wheels, or by any other similar components.
  • the current lead-in device of the invention makes it possible for the flexible conductor to hang loosely between its two locally fixed but synchronously rotating ends, taking up a position which corresponds to half a parabola whose major axis is vertical; in practice the two ends of the flexible conductor will usually 'be at right angles.
  • the fact that there are rotational drive mechanisms operating synchronously but independently of one another at both ends of the conductor ensures that it remains free from torsional stresses, 'WhlCh surprisingly seems to enable its service life to be extended to a practically unlimited degree, making operational failures very rare.
  • the current conductor according to the invention has shown itself to be excellent for all kinds of tumbling barrels and other electrolytic containers which cannot use so-called contact-knobs (at the end of flexible cables introduced into the inside of the container through the bearing aperture) for conveying current to anything located therein.
  • the insulating plastics casing is freely movable relative to the flexible metallic conductor.
  • the current lead-in device as a whole hangs freely in a curve between its two clamped ends, upon rotation of the current conductor about its axis of rotation then local partial relative movements must tend to occur between the flexible metal strip and the surrounding insulating casing, and if these can take place .freely this will prove to be advantageous.
  • Such freedom of axial movement of the casing relative to the conductor can best be achieved by leaving a concentric space intermediate the two components.
  • the flexible current conductor with a rectangular cross-section whose width is considerably greater than its height.
  • a fiat conductor strip can be more easily bent than most other shapes, and consequently permits this conductor-which mostly must turn through a right angle-to be bent sharply, with quite small radii of curvature.
  • a round cable i.e. one of circular cross-section, which is built-up of thin, highly-flexible copper wires (or cords made of copper wires) which individual wires or cords are laid upon one another in such a way that they form helices about and so-to-speak parallel to the axis of rotation of the round cable.
  • a cable thus constructed when used as the flexible conductor is especially smooth in operation when its operative position is right-angled, because the distances between the ends of its wires remain always constant-just as when using a flat and flexible current conductor whose ends are displaced by 180 with respect to one another.
  • Tumbling barrels which incorporate a concentricallypositioned inner cylinder presents a particularly difficult problem when seeking to conduct the direct current to cathodic contact members located in the annular space between the inner cylinder and the outer housing of the barrel.
  • the current lead-in device according to the invention fulfils the requirements for this.
  • the lower end of the conductor is fixedly connected to the end wall of the barrel housing, at or closely adjacent its centre of rotation, and is covered with an insulating casing; while conduction of the current the rest of the way from the point of connection can easily be effected through the end wall in such a way that it is distributed radially to the cathodic contact members in the annular space within the barrel.
  • a still further possibility within the scope of the invention is to build up the current lead-in device from a number of essentially parallel conductors, each individual conductor being provided with its own insulating casingand preferably with the individual conductors in the resultant bundle arranged in the form of a helix.
  • the lower ends of the conductors can each individually be fixed to the end wall of the barrel-- of course, as before, at or adjacent its axis of rotation; but the upper end of the bundle is best fixed, in a similar manner, to a rotating disc or the like, located outside the electrolyte, which can be rotated synchronously with the end wall of the barrel.
  • a rotating disc or the like located outside the electrolyte
  • FIG. 1 proper shows a part-sectional, part-elevational view, in a vertical plane, of a current lead-in arrangement in accordance with this invention serving a tumbling barrel, rotatable about a horizontal axis, for the bulk-electro-plating of metallic or non-metallic parts;
  • FIG. 1a is a cross-sectional view, taken at right-angles to the longitudinal axis, through one preferred embodiment of the current-lead shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 1b is a similar cross-sectional view through another preferred embodiment of the current-lead shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. is a similar cross-sectional view through a yet further preferred embodiment of the current-lead shown in FIG. 1.
  • the current lead-in-- which as a whole unit is there designated with the reference l0 consists fundamentally of a metallic conductor 1 and its insulating casing 2, 3 and rotates about a nonlinear axis a-a.
  • the metallic conductor 1 is a flexible, relatively flat strip, such as can be plaited from thin, highly flexible copper wires about 0.10 mm. in diameter.
  • the conductor is surrounded by a substantially co-axial insulating casing 2, 3 formed of course of an electrically non-conductive material, which must also be reasonably resistant to damage of chemical and/or thermal origin caused by its immersion in the electrolyte.
  • the insulating casing consists essentially of two parts; the upper, vertical part projecting above the electrolyte is a pipe 2 made of a hard polyvinyl chloride (or of another similar thermoplastic), while the lower partwhich turns through a right-angle and may well be immersed in the electrolyte-is a tubular member preferably (as shown) of bellows-type construction and formed of a soft, flexible material such as polyvinyl chloride, polychloroprene or natural rubber.
  • the tumbling barrel to which the current lead-in arrangement is attached is as a whole generally designated with the reference 20. It is a feature of this invention that the tumbling barrel 20 and also the attached current lead-in unit 10 rotate synchronously with some common speed of rotation 11. For guidance it may be noted that in practice a commonly-employed speed of rotation is for instance 4 revolutions per minute.
  • the current lead-in is in fact rotated by two rotational drive mechanisms R and R which both rotate the current lead-in device 10 at a speed of rotation n, in the same direction of rotation and synchronously (with the attached drum 20), but at two different points E and E on its axis of rotation aa. While other arrangements are possible, it has been found usually best within the scope of the invention, to arrange the rotational drive mechanisms R and R at the two ends E and E of the current lead-in device 10.
  • the two rotational drive mechanisms R and R as well as their directions of rotation, are shown only schematically by the arrows in FIG. 1.
  • the rotational driving moments act in planes normal to the axis aa of rotation.
  • the rotational axis aa of the current lead-in is turned through a right angle and therefore its two endsdesignated by the symbols E and E are also normal to one another.
  • the rotational drive mechanisms R and R operate at different points along the axis of rotation 11-0, and as shown specifically at the ends E and E of the current lead-in device 10.
  • the end E is connected to a shaft 4, which is secured to and rotated by the bevel gear 5.
  • the end E on the other hand, is connected to the axle 6 of the tumbling barrel, and is in fact rotated by the end-wall 7 of the barrel 20, which is provided at its periphery with teeth 8 and acts as a gear wheel.
  • the current conductor strip 1 is fastened at each of its two ends, without solder, by clamping into the tag-lugs 9, and these in turn are secured to the stumps of respectively the shafts 4 and 6, by means of screw connectors 11.
  • the current conductor strip 1 hangs freely-like a cord-between its two locally fixed and in operation synchronously-rotating ends in the tag-lugs 9.
  • the curve adopted by the strip 1 corresponds approximately to that of half a parabola whose longitudinal axis is vertical.
  • the fact that the drive mechanisms R and R rotate the conductor strip 1 synchronously at both of its ends means that the flexible current conductor strip 1 remains completely free from torsional stresses, and as a result can hope to enjoy a practically unlimited service life.
  • the flat conductor strip 1 has a rectangular crosssection, and it is best that its two ends, each clamped in one of the tag-lugs 9, should be displaced with respect one to the other by 180", so that there is always a twist in the strip. Then the flat-strip forms a kind of helix along its curved axis of rotation aa and in these circumstances the distances between the further separated points in the bent and rotating flexible conductor strip 1 (thus for instance the distances between the diagonally-opposed corners of the generally-rectangular conductor strip 1) remain virtually the same in every rotational position.
  • the flexible conductor strip 1 has a rectangular crosssectional shape, with a width considerably greater than its height, thus constituting a very flat belt 1, which is relatively easy to bend, and consequently permits the radius of curvature of the current lead-in device where it turns through a right-angle to be fairly small.
  • the two parts of the insulating casing 2 and 3, are mechanically interconnected by means of a hose clip 12, and thereby sealed against the entry of any of the surrounding electrolyte. Similarly, a liquid-tight connection is guaranteed between the other, lower end of the elastic casing-part 3 and the barrel axle 6 by means of another hose clip 13.
  • the upper end of the insulating pipe 2 is fastened to the driving shaft 4 by means of set-screws 14.
  • the end E of the current lead-in will preferably be located above the level of the electrolyte; it should be noted that the horizontal line in the upper region of FIG. 1 of the drawings is meant to symbolize the proper level of the electrolyte.
  • the insulating casing 2 and 3 can instead also consist completely of a single, elastic element 3 (more particularly a bellows) which extends all the way from the lower end E of the current lead-in 10 to its upper end E
  • the rotational drive mechanisms R and R rotate the insulating casing synchronously at its two ends, which correspond effectively to the ends of the conductor 1; consequently this arrangement of the rotational drive mechanisms R and R also minimizes or even eliminates torsional stresses between the ends of the insulating casing, and this guarantees a practically unlimited service life for it.
  • the insulating casing is preferably so dimensioned that it is well spaced from the conductor strip 1, in order to avoid any friction between these two components during operation, and thus to ensure that the rotation of the conductor strip 1 about its curved aXis aa takes places without interference and therefore as favorably as possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows the connection of the current lead-in 10 to one of the two end walls 7 of the tumbling barrel unit but of course it is equally possible to attach a current lead-in 10 to each end wall 7 of the barrel 20.
  • the current lead-in 10 is attached to the end wall 7 at or adjacent to its centre of rotation.
  • the roational axis a-a of the current lead-in 10 and its geometrical axis of symmetry need not necessarily coincide.
  • the same also applies to the end wall 7 of the barrel 20; its axes of rotation and of symmetry can be different.
  • the current lead-in 10 according to the invention can be attached to the end walls 7. It is, for instance, possible to attach the flexible (or even non-flexible) conductor strip 1 to the end wall 7 of the tumbling barrel 20 via movable con- 8 nections such as knuckle joints, ball-and-socket joints to similar components.
  • the two rotary driving mechanisms R and R are, in turn, driven by a single common drivemost conveniently as shown by the electromotor 15 associated with the tumbling barrel unit 20.
  • the gearwheel 16 mounted on the drive shaft of the geared motor 15 transmits the rotary drive via the intermediate gearwheel 17 to the toothed rim 8 of the tumbling barrel 20.
  • the intermediate gearwheel 17 is mounted on the supporting arm 18 of the tumbling barrel 20.
  • the gearwheel 16 is also connected-via a coupling formed by the bolts 19 and the disc 21-with one end of the shaft 22, at whose opposite end there is located the small bevel gear 23. In turn the bevel gear 23 meshes with the bevel gear 5, and consequently drives the shaft 4.
  • the motor 15 constitutes the driving force for both of the two rotary drive mechanisms R and R
  • the transmission from the motor 15 to the rotary drive mechanisms R and R thus proceeds on the one hand via the sequence of gearwheels 16, 17 and 18, as well as on the other hand via gearwheels 16, 23 and 5.
  • the corresponding transmission ratio for the individual pairs of gears is 1:4.
  • the shaft 4 of the rotary drive mechanism R is journalled in the bushing 24.
  • the transmission of electrical current from the bushing 24 to the shaft 4 is effectedapart from any that passes through the mechanical bearing-via the coaxially-arranged, spring-loaded laminae 25, which are preferably made of beryllium-bronze.
  • the shaft 6 and the contact disc 26 are formed integrally with one another, and they are coated-up to their contact surfaces-with an electro-chemically insulating layer consisting of a thermoplastic or rubber.
  • the journal of shaft 6 is surrounded by a concentric ring 27, fixedly secured to the end wall 7, and formed of an electrically non-conductive material with good anti-friction properties. This ring 27 in turn rotates in a bearing bush 28 carried by the supporting arm 18.
  • the tumbling barrel 20 incorporates an inner cylinder 30, mounted within its outer perforated casing, and itself preferably perforated.
  • This inner cylinder 30 is made of a non-conductive material, but may possibly surround an inner anode 31.
  • the small parts in bulk, made of metals or plastics, which are to be electroplated then can be filled into the annular space between the barrel casing 29 and the inner cylinder 30.
  • the current lead-in 10 according to the invention is moreover equally or even particularly suitable for use with tumbling barrels having cathodic contact elements in the form of knobs, strips or discs.
  • the motor 15, the supporting arm 18, the shaft 22 and the bearing bush 24 are all mounted upon a framework 32, in such a manner that they--together with the current lead-in 10 and the tumbling barrel 20 shall form a mechanical entity, which can be rested in position upon the reinforcing rims 33 of the electrolyte tank 34.
  • the supporting framework 32 at its horizontal extremities terminates in support bolts 35, which are attached to the hearing surfaces 36; these in turn are secured upon the tank rims 33, and convey the direct electrical current to the support bolts 35, and thence via the tubular framework 32 and the side bar or butt strap 37 which is welded onto the bearing bush 24- of the current lead-in 10.
  • FIGS. la, lb, 10 and 1d represent various possible alternative variations in the construction of the current lead-in according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1a illustrates an arrangement of three parellely-placed, flat current conductor strips 38 within an insulating casing 39.
  • the ends of the current strips are likewise displaced (twisted) relative to one another by and the two externally located Strips in the layer-like ar- 9 rangement are somewhat longer than that enclosed in the middle.
  • FIG. 1b shows an arrangement of three conductors 40, which are suspended helically inside an insulating casing 41.
  • FIG. 1c shows a current lead-in essentially similar to that shown in FIG. lb, but in which the three individual conductors 42, each of circular cross-section, are instead, each provided with their own separate insulating sheaths 43.
  • FIG. 1a illustrates a current lead-in consisting of four cables 44, arranged side-by-side and combined into a strip.
  • contact members in the form of knobs, strips, etc.
  • contact members which periodically lose contact (through the rotational movement of the barrel) with the mass of small parts in bulk which are to be electroplated, cause the electroplating current to be partially diverted from the bulk parts, and consequently reduce the electroplating output of the tumbling barrel quite considerably, often by about a quarter.
  • the shaft 4 can be constructed to function like a collector/ commutator.
  • each individual row of knobs or contact strips in the tumbling barrel can be electrically associated with one of the individual conductor cords 42 or 44, and it can then be easily arranged that the cords 42 or 44 will not receive any current via the collector/commutator shaft 4, if that row of knobs or contact strips can be expectedduring the rotational movement of the barrel-to be located above the mass of small parts in bulk, and consequently to be out of electrical contact therewith.
  • a current lead-in for supplying electric current to a perforate container, for the electroplating of small parts in bulk when the container is completely or partially immersed in an electrolyte, comprising in combination a flexible conductor and an insulating casing surrounding said conductor along its length and formed of an insulating material both electrically, chemically and thermally resistant to the electrolyte, as well as means whereby said flexible current conductor is to be attached fixedly to the immersed container adjacent its rotational axis for rotation about the axis of said conductor synchronously therewith, and means operatively associated with said flexible current conductor at more than one point along the conductor axis whereby said flexible conductor may in operation be rotationally driven at said points synchronously with the rotation of the immersed container.
  • an electroplating or electro-polishing installation including a tumbling barrel for small tumbleable parts made of metals or plastics and a current lead-in to said tumbling barrel, the improvement which comprises forming said current lead-in from a flexible conductor in combination with an insulating casing surrounding said conductor along its length and formed of an insulating material which is electrically, chemically and thermally resistant to electrolyte as well as means whereby said flexible current conductor is to be attached fixedly to the immersed container adjacent its rotational axis for rotation about the conductor axis synchronously therewith, and means operatively associated with said-flexible current conductor at more than one point along the conductor axis whereby said flexible conductor may in operation be rotationally driven at said points synchronously with the rotation of the immersed container.
  • Claim 8 'line 6, "journalley” should be (SEAL) Attest: McCOYM. GIBSQN, JR c.' MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer Conmissioner of Patents USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 us. covlnuulm' rnm'rmc ornc: 1 nu o-su-aaa.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
US00253250A 1971-05-15 1972-05-15 Current lead-in devices for containers employed in electrolytic treatments Expired - Lifetime US3799858A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712124270 DE2124270A1 (de) 1971-05-15 1971-05-15 Stromleitung zu rotierenden und perforierten Behältern in Elektrolyten

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US3799858A true US3799858A (en) 1974-03-26

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US (1) US3799858A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
DD (1) DD96982A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
DE (1) DE2124270A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
ES (1) ES403068A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
FR (1) FR2137822A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
GB (1) GB1392233A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
SE (1) SE381291B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)
SU (1) SU508223A3 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070246349A1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2007-10-25 Wataru Yamamoto Barrel plating device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2753852A1 (de) * 1977-12-01 1979-06-13 Schering Ag Vorrichtung zum antrieb von trommeln

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070246349A1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2007-10-25 Wataru Yamamoto Barrel plating device

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FR2137822A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1972-12-29
DD96982A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) 1973-04-12
SU508223A3 (ru) 1976-03-25
GB1392233A (en) 1975-04-30
ES403068A1 (es) 1975-04-16
DE2124270A1 (de) 1972-11-23
SE381291B (sv) 1975-12-01

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