US3799705A - Internal combustion engine with rotary piston - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine with rotary piston Download PDF

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Publication number
US3799705A
US3799705A US00294639A US29463972A US3799705A US 3799705 A US3799705 A US 3799705A US 00294639 A US00294639 A US 00294639A US 29463972 A US29463972 A US 29463972A US 3799705 A US3799705 A US 3799705A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rotary piston
piston
stator
axis
drive shaft
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00294639A
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English (en)
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E Gunthard
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B53/00—Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B53/00—Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines
    • F02B2053/005—Wankel engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2730/00—Internal-combustion engines with pistons rotating or oscillating with relation to the housing
    • F02B2730/01—Internal-combustion engines with pistons rotating or oscillating with relation to the housing with one or more pistons in the form of a disk or rotor rotating with relation to the housing; with annular working chamber
    • F02B2730/018—Internal-combustion engines with pistons rotating or oscillating with relation to the housing with one or more pistons in the form of a disk or rotor rotating with relation to the housing; with annular working chamber with piston rotating around an axis passing through the gravity centre, this piston or the housing rotating at the same time around an axis parallel to the first axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT This invention relates to an internal combustion engine with rotary piston, whereby in a stator with the inside space limited by an oval skirt area a rotary piston of triangular shape, guided by plane parallel side areas of the stator, is moved such that the gravity center of the rotarypiston executes a translation along a closed course and that its angle parts slide along the inner skirt area of the stator, forming thereby three closed volume-variable generating spaces.
  • the object of the invention is. to create an internal combustion engine with rotary piston of the above mentioned kind which on strength of another kinematic concept allows better mechanical and thermodynamic solutions.
  • the internal combustion engine with rotary piston according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the rotary piston in successive rotary phases with the same sense of rotation is tilting alternatingly about one of two centers of rotation lying at the axis-nearest 'zone of the inside skirt area of the stator, and this successively about one of its angle parts, so that the rotary piston shuttles to and fro between two end positions, describing thereby with its gravity center an elliptic path.
  • FIG. 3 a cross-section along the line III-III of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 a representsation of the geometric relationships of the rotary piston and the interior skirt area of the stator
  • FIGS. to a schematic representation of 18 operation phases of the engine.
  • the represented internal combustion engine with rotary piston has a stator 1, of which the interior space is limited. by an oval skirt area '2 and plane parallel side areas 3 and 4.
  • the stator 1 consists of two parts la and 1b, of which the part It: forms the skirt area 2 and the side area 3, and the part lb the other side area 4 of the inner space.
  • stator I In the stator I is a centrally supported drive shaft 5 which is subdivided in two parts 5a and 5b, whereby the drive shaft parts 5a and 5b extend from outside with their opposite ends up to the side areas 3 and 4, respectively, into the stator l.
  • the inner space of the stator 1 contains a triangular shaped rotary piston 6, guided axially by the plane parallel side areas 3 and 4 of the stator, which piston is rotating on its gravity center upon a piston pin 7.
  • the piston pin 7 is disposed between the opposite ends of the drive shaft parts 5a and 5b and connected with them by the eccentric 8.
  • This eccentric consists of the two coaxial eccentric pivots 8a and 8b which prop one another at the point 9, and of which the one eccentric pivot 8a is fixedly connected with the drive shaft part 5a, and the other eccentric pivot 8b with the drive shaft part 5b.
  • the piston pin 7 is free to rotate on the eccentric pivot 8a.
  • the eccentric axis 10 is eccentric both to the piston shaft axis 11 and to the drive shaft axis 12.
  • An auxiliary gearing (FIGS. 1 and 3) is provided in order to fix the sense of rotatibn of the rotary piston 6 by starting the drive shaft 5a, 5b, which auxiliary gearing moves the rotary piston relative to the stator l in the opposite sense. of rotation to that of the drive shaft.
  • the auxiliary gearing is disposed at one side of the rotary piston 6 and consists of an internally toothed gear rim 13, which is disposed coaxially to the piston shaft axis 11 and connected fixedly with the rotary piston,
  • the radius of the gear rim 13 is three times as large as that of the mutually equalsized toothed gears 14, 15, 16 and 17, and corresponds to the ratio 1 3 of the number of revolutions of the rotary piston 6 to the number of revolutions of the drive shaft.
  • the rotary piston has a guide (FIGS. 1 and 2) which causes during the motion of the .rotary piston 6 the gravity center of the latter (the piston shaft axis 11) to describe an elliptic path, and which together with the auxiliary gearing determines the position of the rotary piston 6 with regard to the stator 1.
  • This guide consists of a pilot 18 disposed on the piston shaft 7, which pilot slidesupon the alignment path 21 formed by the two jaws l9 and 20, whereby in order to reduce the friction the direct sliding contact is effected by a roller bearing 22 seated upon the pilot 18.
  • the axis 23 of the pilot 18' lies in the line connecting the piston shaft axis 11 and the eccentric axis 10 and between these two axes, and is at a distance from the piston shaft 11 equal to the shortest distance (b in FIG. 4) from the gravity center of the rotary piston 6 to the drive shaft axis 12.
  • stator part la In the stator part la is provided a slit 24 for the inlet (E) of the combustible mixture, and a slit 25 for the outlet (A) of the combustion gases.
  • the stator 1 possesses furthermore at its parts la and lb the openings 26 for the inlet and outlet of lubrication oil.
  • Numeral 27 designates the spark plug.
  • the rotary piston 6 At the corners of the rotary piston 6 are disposed three axis-parallel sealing ledges 28 which are supported radially movable in nuts 29 and which slide along the skirt areas of the stator inner space during the movement of the rotary piston 6.
  • sealing ledges 30 On the rotary piston 6.
  • the piston shaft 7 has through-bores 31 for the circulation of lubricating oil.
  • three recesses 33 On the other areas of skirt 32 of the retary piston 6 are provided three recesses 33 which are dimensioned according the desired compression ratio of the engine.
  • the geometric structure of the inner skirt area 2 of the stator 1 and the outer skirt area 32 of the rotary piston 6 is based on congruent equilateral triangles.
  • the stator inner space shows four space centers determined by the angles A, B, C and D of a rhombus formed by two equilateral triangles with leg length s; and the rotary piston 6 shows three body centers formed in the represented position by the angles A, B and D of an equilateral triangle with the leg length s, which body centers constitute the central points of circles of curvature with a radius r, of the arcs of circle m limiting the angle parts of the outer skirt area 32 of the rotary piston 6.
  • the curvature radius r may be selected at liberty.
  • the arcs of circle m are connected together by flattopped arcs of circle n of a radius r whereby the radius r shall be greater than the total of leg length s and radius r, and is chosen according the desired compression ratio of the engine.
  • the arcs of circle n may be replaced by the tangents t to the arcs of circle m (one tangent is indicated by a dot-dash line).
  • M designates the gravity center (piston shaft axis 11) of the rotary piston 6, with E the center of the eccentric 8 (eccentric axis 10), and with Z the center of the stator (drive shaft center 12).
  • the largest distance a and the smallest distance b from the piston shaft axis 11 (M) to the drive shaft axis 12 (Z), and the distance k from the eccentric axis 10 (E) to the piston shaft axis 11 (M), and the distance r from the eccentric axis 10 (E) to the drive shaft axis 12 (Z) are chosen such that the following equations are established:
  • the gravity center M of the rotary piston 6 describes, at a full revolution of the drive shaft about its axis 12 (Z), an elliptic path e, whereby a represents the large and b the small semiaxis of the elliptic path 2, the center of which lies in the drive shaft axis 12 (Z).
  • the triangle (ABD) determining the body centers of the rotary piston coincides each time with one of the two triangles ABD and BCD determining the space centers of the stator inner space.
  • the stator inner space corresponds to the space required by the movement of the rotary piston 6, i.e., the envelope curve h of all possible positions of the moving rotary piston 6 represents the inner skirt area 2 of the stator 1.
  • the inner skirt area takes a natural course which may be somewhat outside the envelope curve h, because of the necessary tolerance setting.
  • the respective tilting center does not stay, during the proceeding from the one to the other end position of tilting of the rotary piston 6, at the same point of the relating space center B or D, but
  • FIGS. 5 to 10 are represented six successive positions of the rotary piston 6, whereby the rotary piston turns counterclockwise.
  • the separate working phases in the three generating spaces U, V and W are described as follows:
  • FIG. 5 shows the rotary piston 6 in the tilting end position at left.
  • the generating space U begins just the suction of the gas-air mixture through the intake E. The suction is finished when the rotary piston 6 has reached the tilting end position at right (FIG. 8).
  • FIG. 9 and 10 show the compression phase in the generating space U, which is practically finished when the rotary piston 6 has reached again the tilting end position at left. In FIG. 5 this state is shown as the generating space V. From this position of the rotary piston 6 until it reaches its tilting end position at right (FIG.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show the expansion phase in the generating space V.
  • the pressure generated by the consumed gases produces at the gravity center of the rotary piston 6 the strength which through the eccentric 8 gives the necessary torque to the drive shaft 5.
  • Towards the end of the expansion phase (FIG.
  • a complete working cycle is composed of six phases, during which the rotary piston 6 turns each time by 60 in the stator l, passing thereby from one tilting end position to the other, namely, through the suction phase (increase of volume), the compression phase (decrease of volume), the expansion phase (increase of volume), the exhaust phase (decrease of volume) and one phase each with practically constant working volume at the end of the compression phase and at the end of the exhaust phase.
  • the four power strokes of the engine are therefore of various lengths, namely, the compression stroke and the exhaust stroke with a double duration compared to the suction stroke and the expansion stroke.
  • the lengthened compression stroke allows practically a total combustion of the fuel gases and produces consequently almost poisonfree and smogfree exhaust gases. Furthermore, the said circumstances achieve that the combustion process is closed before the expansion phase begins, so that in the described engine of this kind the expansion may ensue abiatically, whereby the working cycle comes closer to the ideal continuous process, which means a better thermal efficiency and therefore a higher specific output of the engine.
  • the engine may be conceived either with high or extremely low compression so that Otto carburetor engines operated with natural gasoline or low octane gasoline as diesel engines may be constructed after the described principle.
  • a further advantage of the described engine consists in that the piston gravity center and the drive shaft have mutually opposite directions of rotation. This circumstance means that the torque at the drive shaft and the moment of reaction (pitching moment) are unidirected, through which the suspension of the stator of the loaded engine is less stressed one-sidedly.
  • An internal combustion engine with rotary piston comprising:
  • stator the inner space of which defines a skirt of oval shape
  • a triangular rotary piston which rotates about its center of gravity upon a piston shaft within said inner space, the corners of said piston being adapted to slide along the inner skirt area of said stator, thus forming three enclosed, volume-variable working spaces; an eccentric coupled to said piston shaft,
  • a supported drive shaft whose axis extends through the center of said stator, said eccentric being supported in the relating shaft and freely rotatable on at least one side, the axis of said eccentric being offset from the axes of both said piston shaft and said drive shaft;
  • said guide means confining the motion of said center of gravity of the rotary piston to a translational motion along a closed path, wherein said rotary piston, during rotation in one direction alternately tilts about one of two centers of rotation lying adjacent the more broadly curved walls of the inner skirt area of the stator, the corners of said piston successively being positioned at each of the two centers so that the rotary piston shuttles to and fro between two end positions, and so that said center of gravity describes thereby an elliptical path.
  • auxiliary gearing consists of a gear rim with inner toothing which is disposed coaxially with the piston shaft axis and is connected fixedly with the rotary piston, and with at least an externally toothed gear which is disposed coaxially with the eccentric axis and 8 shaft is disposed between the mutually opposite ends of the drive shaft parts and connected with them by an eccentric pivot.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
US00294639A 1972-08-19 1972-10-03 Internal combustion engine with rotary piston Expired - Lifetime US3799705A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1226072A CH545413A (de) 1972-08-19 1972-08-19 Drehkolben-Brennkraftmaschine

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US3799705A true US3799705A (en) 1974-03-26

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US00294639A Expired - Lifetime US3799705A (en) 1972-08-19 1972-10-03 Internal combustion engine with rotary piston

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US (1) US3799705A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)
JP (1) JPS4946009A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)
CH (1) CH545413A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)
DE (1) DE2241808A1 (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3967594A (en) * 1975-01-27 1976-07-06 Campbell Donald K Rotary power unit
US3970050A (en) * 1975-03-07 1976-07-20 Hoadley Harry W Two-stage rotary engines
US4417862A (en) * 1981-09-03 1983-11-29 Fenton John W Rotary motor with multilobed rotor and orbiting coupling means
EP0132469A1 (en) * 1983-07-29 1985-02-13 John W. Fenton Rotary motor
US20040244762A1 (en) * 2001-08-09 2004-12-09 Boris Schapiro Rotary piston machine
US20060032475A1 (en) * 2003-02-27 2006-02-16 Boris Schapiro Rotary piston machine with an oval rotary piston guided in an oval chamber

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5712206Y2 (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png) * 1972-12-06 1982-03-10
JPS5053746A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png) * 1973-09-14 1975-05-13
JPS50109332A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png) * 1974-02-12 1975-08-28
JPS5232435A (en) * 1975-09-08 1977-03-11 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Engine ignition time controlling device
JPS5247148A (en) * 1975-10-11 1977-04-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Controlling device for engine ignition time
JPS5285828U (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png) * 1975-12-23 1977-06-27
JPS52104635A (en) * 1976-02-27 1977-09-02 Hitachi Ltd Negative pressure reacting apparatus
JPS52158234U (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png) * 1976-05-26 1977-12-01
JPS5930909B2 (ja) * 1976-06-23 1984-07-30 日産自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化システム
JPS53335A (en) * 1976-06-24 1978-01-05 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Exhaust gas cleaner of internal combustion engine
JPS5310025U (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png) * 1976-07-10 1978-01-27
JPS5324928A (en) * 1976-08-19 1978-03-08 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Ignition timing control means for internal combustion engine
JPS60259726A (ja) * 1984-06-06 1985-12-21 Takehiro Miyazaki 偏心運動ロ−タリ−エンジン
JPS63160343U (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png) * 1986-12-29 1988-10-20
JPH0819856B2 (ja) * 1991-02-21 1996-02-28 保夫 倉増 遊星運動型エンジン
JP2631626B2 (ja) * 1994-02-14 1997-07-16 弘 中村 ロータリーエンジン
DE19852743A1 (de) * 1998-03-21 2000-05-25 Ernst Juraschka Epi- und hypozykloidische Drehkolbenmaschine mit dünnwandigen Dichtmodulen für gleichbleibende Abdichtkräfte durch elastische Verformung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3056391A (en) * 1960-07-07 1962-10-02 Harry W Hoadley Rotary internal combustion engine
US3205872A (en) * 1961-05-23 1965-09-14 Pomasanow Nikolay Rotary internal combustion engine
US3253580A (en) * 1961-05-25 1966-05-31 Daimler Benz Ag Rotary piston engine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3056391A (en) * 1960-07-07 1962-10-02 Harry W Hoadley Rotary internal combustion engine
US3205872A (en) * 1961-05-23 1965-09-14 Pomasanow Nikolay Rotary internal combustion engine
US3253580A (en) * 1961-05-25 1966-05-31 Daimler Benz Ag Rotary piston engine

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3967594A (en) * 1975-01-27 1976-07-06 Campbell Donald K Rotary power unit
US3970050A (en) * 1975-03-07 1976-07-20 Hoadley Harry W Two-stage rotary engines
US4417862A (en) * 1981-09-03 1983-11-29 Fenton John W Rotary motor with multilobed rotor and orbiting coupling means
EP0132469A1 (en) * 1983-07-29 1985-02-13 John W. Fenton Rotary motor
US20040244762A1 (en) * 2001-08-09 2004-12-09 Boris Schapiro Rotary piston machine
US6983729B2 (en) * 2001-08-09 2006-01-10 Rkm Rotationskolbenmaschinen Rotary piston machine
US20060032475A1 (en) * 2003-02-27 2006-02-16 Boris Schapiro Rotary piston machine with an oval rotary piston guided in an oval chamber
US7117840B2 (en) * 2003-02-27 2006-10-10 Boris Schapiro Rotary piston machine with an oval rotary piston guided in an oval chamber

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2241808A1 (de) 1974-02-28
CH545413A (de) 1973-12-15
JPS4946009A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png) 1974-05-02

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