US3799422A - Electric conductive ceramic guide - Google Patents

Electric conductive ceramic guide Download PDF

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Publication number
US3799422A
US3799422A US00321979A US32197973A US3799422A US 3799422 A US3799422 A US 3799422A US 00321979 A US00321979 A US 00321979A US 32197973 A US32197973 A US 32197973A US 3799422 A US3799422 A US 3799422A
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United States
Prior art keywords
guide
tape
electro
conductive ceramic
present
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00321979A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Matsumoto
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Oda Gosen Kogyo KK
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Oda Gosen Kogyo KK
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B15/00—Driving, starting or stopping record carriers of filamentary or web form; Driving both such record carriers and heads; Guiding such record carriers or containers therefor; Control thereof; Control of operating function
    • G11B15/60—Guiding record carrier
    • G11B15/605—Guiding record carrier without displacing the guiding means

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An electro-conductive ceramic guide made by the use of a mixture of a metallic titanium and metallic titanium dioxide prepared at a mo] ratio of 1 0.06 1.22, molding this mixture into an element of desired shape, and sintering the shaped element at 1,200 1,450 C in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere to cause the crystal particles of the element to have a facecentered cubic crystal structure.
  • This guide is of a very small friction coefficient and imparts a stable low tension to the running tape, and has a high electro-conductivity thereby being capable of removing static charge of the tape and is highly suitable for guiding video tapes and computer tapes.
  • the primary object of the present invention to eliminate the aforesaid drawbacks and inconveniences of the prior art and to provide an improved guide which insures that always a stable tension is applied to the running tape or like article so that it is possible to obtain good recording and reproducing signals during the use of the guide fonan extended period of time.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electro-conductive ceramic guide which produces very little frictional resistance when it is in contact with a running tape or like article.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an electro-conductive ceramic guide which does not develop uneven surface wear during use, i.e., during its contact with a running tape or like article.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing the guide of the type described above.
  • FIG. I is a longitudinal sectional view of the guide representing the first embodiment of the present inventron.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the guide representing the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a chart showing the relationship between the friction coefficient and the load.
  • FIG. 4 is a chart showing the relationship between the friction coefficient and the temperature.
  • FIG. 5 is a chart showing the relationship between the friction coefficient and the relative humidity.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the first embodiment of the guide of the present invention.
  • reference numeral 1 represents the body of a guide element A having a hollow cylindrical configuration.
  • 2 represents a metal screw.
  • 3 represents a bottom plate of the guide element.
  • 4 represents a metal base nut.
  • Both the body 1 of the guide element and the bottom plate 3 are formed integrally with a sintered shaped titanium monoxide having crystal particle consisting of face-centered cubic crystal structure.
  • the metal screw 2 passes through the hollow portion of body 1 and the bottom plate 3 and threadably passes through the base nut 4 and engages the support 5 to which the element is to be attached.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section view of the second embodiment of the guide of the present invention.
  • reference numeral 6 represents the body of a guide element B of a hollow tapered cylindrical configuration.
  • 7 represents 'a threaded rod having male threaded portions formed at the opposite ends.
  • 8 represents a top plate of element B.
  • 9 represents a bottom of the plate of the element B.
  • 10 represents a metal top-nut.
  • ll represents a metal base-nut.
  • the body of the guide ele' ment B, the top plate 8 and the bottom plate 9 of the guide element B are each formed with a shaped sintered titanium monoxide having crystal particles consisting of face-centered cubic crystal structure.
  • the threaded rod 7 passes through the hollow portions of the bottom plate 9, the body 6 and the top plate 8 and threadably engages the top-nut 10 at the upper end and threadably engages the base-nut 11 at the lower end, and therefrom threadably engages the support 12 to which the element is to be attached.
  • Metallic titanium powder and metallic titanium oxide which are the starting materials are mixed together at a mol ratio of l 1 and the resulting mixture is shaped into a desired configuration by compression molding.
  • This shaped mixture is sintered in an inert gas (such as argon) at 1,300 C.
  • an inert gas such as argon
  • this sintered element consists of a sintered and molded titanium monoxide whose crystal particles are of face-centered cubic crystal structure. Accordingly, it is only necessary to make the body I, the bottom plate 3 of the guide element A of the first embodiment, the body 6, the top plate 8 and the bottom plate 9 of the guide element B of the second embodiment in accordance with the example of the method stated above. It should be noted that it is never harmful to add about 1 percent of powder of clay or the like to the mixed starting materials in order to elevate the effect of sintering.
  • the guide element A or B of the first or the second embodiment which is obtained in this way is of portions serving as a guide which are brought into contact with a running tape-like article, so that this guide A or B is capable of continuously imparting a very stable tension to the tape-like article, particularly a magnetic tape.
  • the electro-conductive ceramic guides each consisting of a sintered TiO and being a shaped sintered titanium monoxide element whose crystal particles had a face-centered cubic crystal structure, i.e., the electroconductive ceramic guides consisting of sintered materials having TiO phase, when used with, for example, a polyester-based magnetic tape, exhibited a friction coefficient much smaller than did conventional metal guides as will be discussed later. Not only that, but also the ceramic guides of the present invention shown hardly any fluctuation in the tension of the running tape throughout the continued use for an extended period of time. Also, the electro-conductive ceramic guides of the present invention were incorporated in high-grade tape recorders, and the amount of wowflutter was determined according to the test tape reproducing method.
  • the value of the determined amount was 0.02 rms or less at the tape speed of 19 cm/s. This value was about one-fifth of the value obtained by the use of a conventional metal guide. Thus, it was possible to improve the quality of tape recorders.
  • the electro-conductive ceramic guide consisting of a molded sintered piece of TiO phase has a small friction coefficient and is stable against the change in ambient temperature and ambient relative humidity as stated above are considered to be explained as follows.
  • the sintered piece of TiO phase has a crystal structure which is face-centered cubic and in addition this piece is an oxide of titanium. Therefore it has a large yield point pressure.
  • the crystal particles which constitute the sintered piece of TiO phase there are present regularly disposed oxygen atoms and lattice defect of titanium.
  • this guide has a reduced area in which it contacts the running tape or like article. And along with this, the guide has a large electro-conductivity.
  • the guide does not develop any phenomenon of adhering to the tape which would be caused if the latter stores static charge.
  • the sintered piece of TiO phase is relatively irregular in the dispositional arrangement of the crystal particles and the non-crystal regions, and its crystal particles which are needle-like particles ofa size of the order of -20 microns are scattered.
  • this sintered piece of TiO phase essentially has the characteristic of being small in friction resistance.
  • FIG. 3 is shown the result of determination of changes in the friction coefficient p. when the guides of the present invention and the prior art are brought into contact with the base face of a running tape while changing the value of the load L of the running tape under the conditions that the ambient temperature is 25 C and the ambient relative humidity is 73 percent.
  • the vertical axis represents the friction coefficient u
  • the horizontal axis represents the load L (gram) of the running tape.
  • the Curve [3 indicates the change caused by the use of the electroconductive ceramic guides A and B of the present invention.
  • the Curve 14 indicates the change caused by the use of conventional metal guides. As will be understood f'rom the chart of FIG. 3, the friction coefficient 11.
  • the guide obtained according to the present invention is suitable particularly when it is provided in a tapered configuration B as shown in FIG. 2, as compared with a conventional metal guide which has problems when it is provided in a tapered form.
  • FIG. 4 is shown the result of the test on the changes in the friction coefficient of the guides of the present invention and the prior art relative to the change in the temperature at the tape speed of 19 cm/s.
  • the vertical axis represents friction coefficient p. and the horizontal axis represents temperature I C).
  • the Curve 15 indicates the change due to the use of the electro-conductive ceramic guides according to the present invention.
  • the Curve 16 indicates the change due to the use of the conventional metal guides.
  • a low and generally stable friction coefficient characteristic of about 0.2 is noted.
  • FIG. 5 is shown the result of the test on the change in the friction coefficient of guides against the change in the relative humidity, when the tape used is a magnetic tape made of Co-Fe O and when the tape speed is 19 cm/s and when the temperature (room temperature) is 40 C.
  • the vertical axis represents friction coefficient p.
  • the horizontal axis represents relative humidity H(percent).
  • the Curve 17 indicates the change due to the use of the electro-conductive ceramic guides of the present invention
  • the Curve 18 indicates the change due to the use of conventional metal guides.
  • the guides according to the present invention show the change in the friction coefficient p. the value of which is of the order of 0.2 and show a positive characteristic, i.e., the value of p. increases somewhat with an increase in the relative humidity.
  • the amount of the change is very small.
  • the electro-conductive ceramic guides which are each comprised of a shaped sintered piece of TiO phase have a further advantage that they are useful in inhibiting the static charging on the magnetic tapes because of the fact that although the sintered piece of TiO phase is a metal oxide porcelain, it has a very high electro-conductivity. More specifically, the sintered piece of TiO phase is of a high electro-conductivity of the order of 1,000 2,000 (O cm) at room temper- 5 ature due to the presence of oxygen and due to the lattice defects of titanium.
  • the guide of the present invention has much superior functions when compared with those of the guide made with an electrically insulated metal oxide porcelain.
  • the electro-conductive ceramic guide according to the present invention is of a good thermal conductivity. Thus, it develops a very little thermal shock, and does not become over-heated during use. Accordingly, it is suitable also as a guide for use in the manufacturing process of synthetic filaments, fibers and films. In such a case, the guide serves to prevent the development of fluff of filaments, fibers and films and to prevent their sticking or adherency due to damage or generated static electricity,-and thus serves to an improvement of the quality and productivity of such arti-. cles. r
  • metallic titanium is first mixed with titanium dioxide (TiO at the mol ratio of 1 0.66 1.22, and the mixture is molded into an element of the desired shape such as A or'B.
  • This element is then sintered at a temperature of l,200- 1,450 C in vacuum or in an inert gas.
  • the sintered element is obtained as a sintered piece of TiO phase.
  • the resulting TiO will have a composition ratio between TiO and TiO, and the crystal particles of this element gains a face-centered cubic structure, which is very convenient in satisfying the objects of the present invention.
  • the mixing proportion is such that titanium dioxide is less than 0.66 relative to 1 of metallic; titanium, the resulting crystal particles will have a structure which is mainly not of face-centered cubic of TiO phase, but will be that of multi-component system containing bodycentered cubic or the like. This latter structure is physically fragile and accordingly is no longer proper for a guide.
  • the crystal particles will have a structure which is maining not that of a face-centered cubic, but will be that of a multi-component system containing rhombic system or the like other than the TiO phase, which is low in 'electro-conductivity and physically fragile and has a large frictional coefficient and is no longer suitable for 'a guide.
  • sintering is performed in vacuum or in an inert gas, and the element is not' exposed to the effect of oxygen contained in the outsideatmosphere. It is, therefore, possible to obtain, accurately and easily, the desired TiO in accordance with the mol ratio between the metallic titanium and the titanium oxide.
  • the electro-conductive ceramic guide of the present invention if it is arranged so that only that portions of the element'which are brought into contact with the running tape or like article are made with such a sintered piece of TiO phase as stated above, and that the remaining portions are made with an ordinary metal material and that these two groups of portions are united to each other, it will be reasonable with respect to both the cost and the manufacturing techniques. It should be noted also that although the composition of the aforesaid TiO phase sintered piece is of the TiO ratio between TiO and TiO the composition ratio of TiO is the most proper for a guide.
  • the electro-conductive guide of the present invention which is comprised of a molded sintered piece of titanium monoxide whose crystal particles have a facecentered cubic crystal structure is formed with a material which is completely different from the materials of the conventional guides.
  • the guide of the present invention is thus of a very small coefficient of friction and is capable of imparting a stable low tension continuously for an extended period of time.
  • this guide is of a high electroconductivity and, accordingly, it has the function of removing the static charge accumulated on the running tape or like article.
  • the guide of the present invention can exhibit a marked effect as a guide for video tapes which require highly dense and high quality recorded sounds and recorded images.
  • An electro-conductive ceramic guide made with a molded sintered element of titanium monoxide having portions which are brought into contact with a running tape or like article, said portions having crystal particles each consisting of a face-centered cubic crystal structure 2.

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  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Magnetic Ceramics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
US00321979A 1972-07-07 1973-01-08 Electric conductive ceramic guide Expired - Lifetime US3799422A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47067569A JPS5130766B2 (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png) 1972-07-07 1972-07-07

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US3799422A true US3799422A (en) 1974-03-26

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US00321979A Expired - Lifetime US3799422A (en) 1972-07-07 1973-01-08 Electric conductive ceramic guide

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US (1) US3799422A (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png)
JP (1) JPS5130766B2 (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png)
BR (1) BR7302104D0 (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png)
CH (1) CH556085A (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png)
DE (1) DE2306839C3 (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png)
ES (1) ES412448A1 (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png)
FR (1) FR2192353B1 (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png)
IT (1) IT978479B (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944122A (en) * 1972-12-29 1976-03-16 Honeywell Information Systems Italia Device for guiding the magnetic tape in magnetic tape handling apparatus
US4091979A (en) * 1976-03-29 1978-05-30 Bell & Howell Company Methods and apparatus for precision guiding a web
US4228940A (en) * 1977-09-14 1980-10-21 Yozaburu Umehara Tape guide means for recording and/or reproducing apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US4267951A (en) * 1979-07-16 1981-05-19 Bell & Howell Company Tape guiding method and apparatus
US4336900A (en) * 1980-07-17 1982-06-29 Bell & Howell Company Adjustable tape guiding method and apparatus
EP0074033A2 (de) * 1981-09-03 1983-03-16 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Bandführungsvorrichtung für Magnetbänder, insbesondere Video-magnetbänder, Magnetbandkassetten mit solcher Bandführungsvorrichtung und Bandführungselemente dafür
EP0076431A2 (en) * 1981-09-29 1983-04-13 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Ceramic guides for tape-like materials and process for the production thereof
US4646177A (en) * 1983-11-25 1987-02-24 Electronic Processors, Inc. Automatic tape threading system for use in a tape transport system
US5299756A (en) * 1992-10-26 1994-04-05 International Business Machines Corporation Foil wrapped flexible web guide
US5505361A (en) * 1993-08-16 1996-04-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Review pole arm clamp with static electricity discharge for stabilizing a tape
GB2307772A (en) * 1995-11-28 1997-06-04 Daewoo Electronics Co Ltd Tape guide post structure for use in a video cassette recorder
US5961023A (en) * 1997-09-29 1999-10-05 Imation Corp. Film transport roller assembly
US11444292B2 (en) * 2018-12-27 2022-09-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anticorrosive and conductive material

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3127340C2 (de) * 1980-07-17 1985-01-31 Hitachi, Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Führungsrolle für ein Bandbewegungssystem eines magnetischen Aufnahme- und Wiedergabegeräts
FR2489571B1 (fr) * 1980-08-30 1985-12-13 Sony Corp Element de glissement notamment pour bandes magnetiques
US4545500A (en) * 1982-12-29 1985-10-08 Sony Corporation Magnetic tape cassette
JPS59168964A (ja) * 1983-03-16 1984-09-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd テ−プ走行部品
JPS63149890A (ja) * 1986-12-15 1988-06-22 Sanwa Niidorubearingu Kk Ｖｔｒ用カセツトテ−プの複合テ−プガイド

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2862715A (en) * 1955-08-15 1958-12-02 Burroughs Corp Tape guiding system
US3087665A (en) * 1961-06-28 1963-04-30 William E Thomas Roller guide
US3143270A (en) * 1962-06-18 1964-08-04 Sperry Rand Corp Single-edge guide for moving tape

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2369266A (en) * 1941-01-28 1945-02-13 American Lava Corp Electrically conductive ceramic thread guide
FR1035258A (fr) * 1951-04-10 1953-08-20 Applic De La Ceramique A L Ind Composition céramique à usage de guide-fil
FR1358902A (fr) * 1962-06-18 1964-04-17 Sperry Rand Corp Guide pour une bande mobile agissant sur un bord

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2862715A (en) * 1955-08-15 1958-12-02 Burroughs Corp Tape guiding system
US3087665A (en) * 1961-06-28 1963-04-30 William E Thomas Roller guide
US3143270A (en) * 1962-06-18 1964-08-04 Sperry Rand Corp Single-edge guide for moving tape

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944122A (en) * 1972-12-29 1976-03-16 Honeywell Information Systems Italia Device for guiding the magnetic tape in magnetic tape handling apparatus
US4091979A (en) * 1976-03-29 1978-05-30 Bell & Howell Company Methods and apparatus for precision guiding a web
US4228940A (en) * 1977-09-14 1980-10-21 Yozaburu Umehara Tape guide means for recording and/or reproducing apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US4267951A (en) * 1979-07-16 1981-05-19 Bell & Howell Company Tape guiding method and apparatus
US4336900A (en) * 1980-07-17 1982-06-29 Bell & Howell Company Adjustable tape guiding method and apparatus
EP0074033A2 (de) * 1981-09-03 1983-03-16 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Bandführungsvorrichtung für Magnetbänder, insbesondere Video-magnetbänder, Magnetbandkassetten mit solcher Bandführungsvorrichtung und Bandführungselemente dafür
US4667261A (en) * 1981-09-03 1987-05-19 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Tape guide system for magnetic tapes, especially video tapes
EP0074033A3 (en) * 1981-09-03 1983-07-20 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Tape guiding device for magnetic tapes, particularly magnetic video tapes, magnetic tape cassettes with such a tape guiding device and tape guiding element therefor
EP0076431A3 (en) * 1981-09-29 1984-10-31 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Ceramic guides for tape-like materials and process for the production thereof
EP0076431A2 (en) * 1981-09-29 1983-04-13 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Ceramic guides for tape-like materials and process for the production thereof
US4646177A (en) * 1983-11-25 1987-02-24 Electronic Processors, Inc. Automatic tape threading system for use in a tape transport system
US5299756A (en) * 1992-10-26 1994-04-05 International Business Machines Corporation Foil wrapped flexible web guide
US5505361A (en) * 1993-08-16 1996-04-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Review pole arm clamp with static electricity discharge for stabilizing a tape
GB2307772A (en) * 1995-11-28 1997-06-04 Daewoo Electronics Co Ltd Tape guide post structure for use in a video cassette recorder
US5769356A (en) * 1995-11-28 1998-06-23 Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. Tape guide structure for use in a video cassette recorder
GB2307772B (en) * 1995-11-28 1999-11-03 Daewoo Electronics Company Lim Tape guide structure for use in a video cassette recorder
US5961023A (en) * 1997-09-29 1999-10-05 Imation Corp. Film transport roller assembly
US11444292B2 (en) * 2018-12-27 2022-09-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anticorrosive and conductive material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5130766B2 (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png) 1976-09-02
DE2306839A1 (de) 1974-01-17
DE2306839B2 (de) 1981-01-15
CH556085A (de) 1974-11-15
JPS4929108A (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png) 1974-03-15
BR7302104D0 (pt) 1974-02-12
FR2192353A1 (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png) 1974-02-08
ES412448A1 (es) 1976-05-01
DE2306839C3 (de) 1981-10-01
FR2192353B1 (US20080094685A1-20080424-C00004.png) 1978-03-03
IT978479B (it) 1974-09-20

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