US3799251A - Industrial technique - Google Patents
Industrial technique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3799251A US3799251A US00210476A US21047671A US3799251A US 3799251 A US3799251 A US 3799251A US 00210476 A US00210476 A US 00210476A US 21047671 A US21047671 A US 21047671A US 3799251 A US3799251 A US 3799251A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- trunnion
- trunnions
- transverse
- tube sheet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/02—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/24—Supporting, suspending, or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding
- F22B37/246—Supporting, suspending, or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding for steam generators of the reservoir type, e.g. nuclear steam generators
- F22B37/248—Supporting, suspending, or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding for steam generators of the reservoir type, e.g. nuclear steam generators with a vertical cylindrical wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A heat exchanger that transfers heat generated within a nuclear reactor to a secondary coolant has a support system that accommodates thermal expansion and contraction as well as seismic forces through an arrangement of trunnions and trunnion bearings.
- the trunnions that are secured to the outer edge of the top tube sheet are limited to movement in a longitudinal direction.
- the bottom tube sheet trunnions confine the heat exchanger to movement in only one transverse direction Turning movements produced at the trunnions because of these motions are relieved through lubricated rotation blocks in the trunnion bearings.
- PAIENTEUMARZB I974 sum u 0r 4 FIG.4
- a secondary coolant may be introduced into the heat exchanger through an opening in a wrapper or shroud that forms the enclosure for the tube bundle.
- the secondary fluid passes over the bank of tubes and, after absorbing heat from the fluid within the tubes is discharged through an outlet in the heat exchanger.
- a nuclear power station may require four heat exchangers, each about 12 feet in diameter and more than 70 feet long. These heat exchangers will convert the secondary coolant into steam in order to drive the electrical generation equipment in the power plant.
- the heat that produces steam in the secondary coolant is, of course, extracted from the hot, pressurized reactor coolant water flowing through the tube bank. Inasmuch as the temperatures involved in this process frequently exceed 2,000 F, structural provisions must be made for the effects of thermal expansion and contraction.
- Trunnions for example, are secured to the external surfaces of the inlet and discharge tube sheets.
- the set of trunnions that protrude from the discharge tube sheet rest in bearings that are free to move in a transverse line that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger.
- the set of trunnions secured to the outer surface of the inlet tube sheet moreover, are seated in trunnion bearings that restrict the heat exchanger to movement in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
- the trunnions are received in apertures that are formed in the rotation blocks.
- Bearing plates engage the sides of the individual blocks in order to give freedom of movement in one axial direction and restrict motion in the other directions.
- the trunnion rotation blocks move with the associated trunnions in response to the over-all motion of the heat exchanger that has been permitted at each of the respective sets of trunnion bearings. In this manner stresses caused by torque forces are relieved in the rotation blocks and axial forces are borne by the bearing plates that engage the blocks.
- the trunnion bearings are received on structural steel frameworks. These frameworks distribute the heat exchanger load to appropriate bearing surfaces, e.g. the secondary radiation shielding in a nuclear power plant.
- This system for load distribution establishes a basis for a more efficient support structure because the points of heat exchanger load application are fixed and thus do not shift in response to changes in seismic or heat exchanger thermal conditions.
- the invention and particularly the movable rotation block in the trunnion bearing overcome the need for massive ring girders and bothersome hydraulic suppressors that have characterized the prior art.
- FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a typical heat exchanger embodying principles of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a plan view in full section of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1 taken along the line 22 and looking in the direction of the arrows with trunnion bearings and a typical support framework added for descriptive purposes;
- FIG. 3 is a plan view in full section of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1 taken along the line 3-3 and looking in the direction of the arrows, also with trunnion bearings and a typical support framework added to the figure;
- FIG. 4 is a detail view in side elevation of a typical trunnion structure associated with the inlet tube sheet;
- FIG. 5 is a detail view in side elevation of a typical trunnion structure associated with the discharge tube sheet.
- FIG. 1 shows a typical heat exchanger for use in a nuclear power system that has a pressurized water reactor coolant.
- the heat exchanger 10 includes an inlet conduit 11 that channels the hot pressurized water from the nuclear reactor core (not shown) to an hemispherical inlet head 12.
- the inlet head 12 terminates in a flat inlet tube sheet 13 that secures the inlet ends of the individual tubes (not shown) in a bank or bundle within the heat exchanger.
- a wrapper 14 encloses the entire active volume of the heat exchanger 10 in order to establish a space in which a secondary coolant contacts the tubes in the bank that carries the pressurized water from the inlet head 12 to an hemispherical discharge head 15.
- the discharge end of these tubes are anchored in a flat discharge head tube sheet 16.
- tube sheets may accommodate as many as l5,000 tubes, each tube having an outside diameter of five-eighths of an inch. Tube sheets for installations of this sort often are on the order of 24 inches thick.
- the primary coolant or pressurized water is pumped from the discharge head 15 through a conduit 17 for recirculation back through the reactor.
- Heat carried by the primary coolant is absorbed in a secondary coolant that flows into the heat exchanger 10 through a main feedwater inlet 20.
- T. S. Sprague US. Pat. No. 3,447,509 granted on June 3, 1969 for Once-Through Vapor Generator" describes in more complete detail a typical feedwater circulation through the heat exchanger 10.
- the feedwater enters the heat exchanger and absorbs heat from the pressurized water. The absorbed heat causes the feedwater to rise into steam and flow out of the heat exchanger 10 through a steam outlet 21.
- a heat exchanger of the sort under consideration might weigh as much as 600 tons and be subject to temperatures that range from ordinary atmospheric to 2,000 F and more.
- small thermally initiated heat exchanger movements of not more than a few inches can produce substantial impact forces, if the temperature change is sufficiently swift.
- the trunnions 22, 23, 24, and 25 that are secured to the inlet head tube sheet 13 assist in accommodating the expansion of the heat exchanger 10 in the direction of a longitudinal heat exchanger axis 26, as described subsequently in more complete detail. Movements of the heat exchanger 10 in a direction that is transverse or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 26 are carried through trunnions 27, 30, and 31.
- a trunnion 32 is not shown in FIG. 1 because it is out of the plane of the drawing. This trunnion nevertheless is shown in plan view in FIG. 3. All of the trunnions 27, 30, 31 and 32 are preferably secured by bolts to the exterior surface of the discharge head tube sheet 16.
- FIG. 2 a plan view is shown of an illustrative trunnion bearing and structural support system for accommodating longitudinal movements of the heat exchanger 10.
- a structural steel framework 33 is anchored into the reinforced concrete in a secondary radiation shield (not shown) that is provided for the reactor system.
- the framework 33 distributes the entire heat exchanger load in all conditions of seismic and thermal stress to specific bearing points in the radiation shield. In this manner a more efficient and less expensive construction is possible because the shield does not have to be designed to cope with the shifting points of load application that have characterized prior heat exchanger supports.
- the framework 33 is a welded structure that is assembled from wide flange beams. Beams 34 and 35 in the framework 33, for instance, ultimately support the trunnion 23 that is attached to the inlet head tube sheet 13.
- the trunnion 23 has a cylindrical protruding member or pin 36 that is received in a rotation block 37 which has a cylindrical central aperture 40 for engaging the pin 36.
- a very precise fit at the local maximum heat exchanger temperature is provided between the surface of the aperture 40 and the mating cylindrical surface of the pin 36.
- the carbon steels from which the pin 36 and the block 37 are formed should have different hardnesses.
- a flat retainer plate 41 is bolted to the end of the trunnion pin 36 that is not secured to the inlet tube sheet 13.
- the retainer plate 41 has a flange that extends beyond the maximum diameter of the pin 36 in order to engage the external surface of the rotation block 37. It should be noted, moreover, that the length of the pin 36 is slightly greater than the corresponding thickness of the rotation block 37 to establish a clearance 42 that will permit the heat exchanger 10 to expand in a radial direction.
- FIG. 4 the bearing for the trunnion 23 is shown.
- This trunnion bearing enables the rotation block 37 to slide in the direction of the heat exchangers longitudinal axis 26.
- two longitudinally disposed bearing plates 43 and 44 engage the longitudinal sides of the rotation block 37.
- High temperature grease filled grooves can be formed in the plates 43 and 44 in order to reduce friction forces and lubricate the vertical movement of the rotation block 37.
- the plates 43 and 44 can be machined from a low friction material, e.g. Lubrite.
- the plates 43 and 44 are attached to edges on respective web members 45 and 46 by means of countersunk bolts 47.
- the longitudinal extent of the web members 45 and 46 is, however, significantly greater than the corresponding longitudinal dimension of the rotation block 37. This clearance enables the block 37 to move in a longitudinal direction in response to shifts in the size and position of the heat exchanger with respect to the axis 26, while restraining the trunnion 23 from all significant movement in a transverse direction.
- the block 37 prevents torsion rotation from being developed as a consequence of pin translation, while enabling the trunnion to move with relative ease in the longitudinal direction.
- the web members 45 and 46 are welded to transversely disposed and abutting flanges 48 and 49.
- the flanges 48 and 49 bridge the gap or clearance that was established between the two webs 45 and 46 to accommodate the rotation block 37.
- These flanges and webs abut and are fastened to a pair of longitudinal butt straps 50 and 51, the strap 50 being secured to the end of the web 45 and the strap 51 being secured to the end of the web 46.
- the butt straps 50 and 51 are, in turn, secured through bolts 52 to corresponding and matching butt straps 53 and 54, respectively, on the opposing ends of the beams 34 and 35. This assembly enables the trunnion 23, and the associated trunnion bearing to become an integral part of the framework 33.
- Shims 55 and 56 respectively are inserted between the opposing faces of the flanges 50 and 53 and the flanges 51 and 54 in order to compensate for minor inaccuracies and misalignments. All of the trunnion assemblies that are associated with the inlet tube sheet 13 (FIG. 1) are of similar construction.
- trunnion bearings 57, 60, 61, and 62 associated with the discharge head tube sheet 16 distribute a proportionate share of the load imposed by the heat exchanger to the secondary shield system through a structural steel framework 63.
- the trunnion system that is secured to the discharge head tube sheet 16 only accommodates movement in a line that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger. This accommodation, moreover, is limited to motion in the direction of transverse axis 64.
- the trunnions 31 and'27 which are in diametrical alignment with each other on the discharge tube sheet 16, are supported in the bearings 57 and 61 for sliding motion in directions that are parallel to the transverse axis 64. More specifically, the trunnion 31 transfers a proportionate share of the heat exchanger 10' load to the trunnion bearing 61 through a rotation block 65 which receives a cylindrical trunnion portion or pin 67. As described in connection with the trunnion 23 (FIG. 2), the trunnion 31 in FlG. 3 terminates in a retainer plate 70 that has a flange which overlaps the external surface of the rotation block 65.
- a clearance 71 is established between a shoulder 72 on the trunnion 31 and the inner surface of the rotation block 65 to provide for the thermal expansion of the heat exchanger 16% in a radial direction.
- FIG. 5 it can be seen that two parallel sides 73 and 74 of the generally square block 65 are in sliding engagement with matching surfaces on lubricated bearing plates 76 and 77 respectively.
- the bearing plates 76 and 77 are secured to transversely disposed flanges 86 and 81 respectively with counter-sunk bolts 82.
- the flanges 8t) and 81 are joined to longitudinally positioned web members 83 and 84.
- the web members are spaced from each other to form an oblong rectangular aperture, the longest dimension of which is parallel to the planes of the flanges and 61. This longest aperture dimension is greater than the corresponding dimension of the block 65 to establish clearances 90 and 91.
- the trunnion bearing assembly is secured to the steel framework 63 by means of longitudinally disposed butt straps 88 and 89. These butt straps 88 and 89 are bolted, or otherwise acceptably secured to cognate butt straps 85 and 86 that form a part of the support framework 63. Shims 87 can be interposed between the joined pairs of butt straps to provide an adjustment for minor misalignments, and the like. To further support the heat exchanger, a longitudinally disposed beam can be secured to the flange 81, if required.
- the movement of the heat exchanger inthe transverse plane is restricted to the axis 64 that is shown in FIG. 3. Accordingly, the trunnions 30 and 32 and the associated trunnion bearings 60 and 62 are provided with some clearance to accommodate the heat exchangers thermal expansion and contraction in a radial direction and motion along the transverse axis 64.
- rotation blocks in the trunnion bearings 60 and 62 are rigidly engaged within respective frameworks 68 and 69. These rotation blocks, immobile in transverse and longitudinal directions, thus only relieve rotational forces induced by torques that develop within the heat exchanger system.
- a system for supporting a heat exchanger having a longitudinal axis comprising trunnion means secured to one longitudinal end of the heat exchanger to enable the heat exchanger to move on an axis in a plane that is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger and restraining the heat exchanger from movement on other transverse axes, and further trunnion means secured to another longitudinal end of the heat exchanger to enable the heat exchanger to move on the longitudinal axis, all of said trunnion means having clearances to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction of the heat exchanger in transverse directions.
- all of said trunnion means further comprise rotation blocks each individual to a respective one of said pins, said rotation blocks enabling said pins to move pivotally and on said transverse and longitudinal axes.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
Priority Applications (13)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE792742D BE792742A (fr) | 1971-12-21 | Perfectionnements aux echangeurs de chaleur | |
US00210476A US3799251A (en) | 1971-12-21 | 1971-12-21 | Industrial technique |
NLAANVRAGE7215657,A NL170677C (nl) | 1971-12-21 | 1972-11-20 | Warmtewisselaar met een langgerekt verticaal opgesteld huis. |
GB5344472A GB1403056A (en) | 1971-12-21 | 1972-11-20 | Heat exchanger arrangements and support methods |
AU49163/72A AU450941B2 (en) | 1971-12-21 | 1972-11-22 | Heat exchanger mounting system |
CA158,259A CA964643A (en) | 1971-12-21 | 1972-12-05 | Heat exchanger support structure |
ES409639A ES409639A1 (es) | 1971-12-21 | 1972-12-15 | Sistema de soporte, y estructura correspondiente, para sostener un intercambiador de calor. |
JP47125353A JPS514708B2 (de) | 1971-12-21 | 1972-12-15 | |
LU66684A LU66684A1 (de) | 1971-12-21 | 1972-12-18 | |
IT9803/72A IT970632B (it) | 1971-12-21 | 1972-12-19 | Struttura di sostegno per scambia tori di calore in specie per impi antiad energia nucleare |
CH1854172A CH571697A5 (de) | 1971-12-21 | 1972-12-20 | |
FR7245380A FR2173914B1 (de) | 1971-12-21 | 1972-12-20 | |
DE2262563A DE2262563C3 (de) | 1971-12-21 | 1972-12-21 | Vorrichtung zur Halterung eines in einer Traganordnung senkrecht stehenden Wärmetauschers einer Kernkraftanlage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00210476A US3799251A (en) | 1971-12-21 | 1971-12-21 | Industrial technique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3799251A true US3799251A (en) | 1974-03-26 |
Family
ID=22783056
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00210476A Expired - Lifetime US3799251A (en) | 1971-12-21 | 1971-12-21 | Industrial technique |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3799251A (de) |
JP (1) | JPS514708B2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU450941B2 (de) |
BE (1) | BE792742A (de) |
CA (1) | CA964643A (de) |
CH (1) | CH571697A5 (de) |
DE (1) | DE2262563C3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES409639A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2173914B1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1403056A (de) |
IT (1) | IT970632B (de) |
LU (1) | LU66684A1 (de) |
NL (1) | NL170677C (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110038449A1 (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-02-17 | Korea Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd | Suspension type high-density storage rack for nuclear fuel assemblies |
CN114220565A (zh) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 | 一种高温气冷堆主设备支撑连接装置 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2434461A1 (fr) * | 1978-06-23 | 1980-03-21 | Bretagne Atel Chantiers | Nouveau dispositif de supportage et de protection pour chaudieres nucleaires |
FR2455694A1 (fr) * | 1979-05-04 | 1980-11-28 | Bretagne Atel Chantiers | Support de tourillon formant palier et chaudiere nucleaire utilisant un tel support |
GB2212602A (en) * | 1987-11-18 | 1989-07-26 | Nat Nuclear Corp Ltd | Heat exchanger plant particularly for generating steam |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3236295A (en) * | 1963-01-02 | 1966-02-22 | Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc | Heat exchanger mounting system |
US3587727A (en) * | 1968-08-17 | 1971-06-28 | Idemitsui Petrochemical Co Ltd | Supporting element for mounting heat exchanger for quenching thermally cracked gas |
US3622211A (en) * | 1969-11-10 | 1971-11-23 | Robert E Mitton | Linear roller bearing unit |
-
0
- BE BE792742D patent/BE792742A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1971
- 1971-12-21 US US00210476A patent/US3799251A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-11-20 GB GB5344472A patent/GB1403056A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-11-20 NL NLAANVRAGE7215657,A patent/NL170677C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-11-22 AU AU49163/72A patent/AU450941B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-05 CA CA158,259A patent/CA964643A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-15 JP JP47125353A patent/JPS514708B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-12-15 ES ES409639A patent/ES409639A1/es not_active Expired
- 1972-12-18 LU LU66684A patent/LU66684A1/xx unknown
- 1972-12-19 IT IT9803/72A patent/IT970632B/it active
- 1972-12-20 CH CH1854172A patent/CH571697A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-20 FR FR7245380A patent/FR2173914B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-12-21 DE DE2262563A patent/DE2262563C3/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3236295A (en) * | 1963-01-02 | 1966-02-22 | Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc | Heat exchanger mounting system |
US3587727A (en) * | 1968-08-17 | 1971-06-28 | Idemitsui Petrochemical Co Ltd | Supporting element for mounting heat exchanger for quenching thermally cracked gas |
US3622211A (en) * | 1969-11-10 | 1971-11-23 | Robert E Mitton | Linear roller bearing unit |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110038449A1 (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-02-17 | Korea Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd | Suspension type high-density storage rack for nuclear fuel assemblies |
US9183955B2 (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2015-11-10 | Korea Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd. | Suspension type high-density storage rack for nuclear fuel assemblies |
CN114220565A (zh) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 | 一种高温气冷堆主设备支撑连接装置 |
CN114220565B (zh) * | 2021-12-15 | 2024-04-26 | 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 | 一种高温气冷堆主设备支撑连接装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL7215657A (de) | 1973-06-25 |
NL170677C (nl) | 1982-12-01 |
DE2262563C3 (de) | 1978-06-01 |
AU4916372A (en) | 1974-05-23 |
CH571697A5 (de) | 1976-01-15 |
GB1403056A (en) | 1975-08-13 |
FR2173914A1 (de) | 1973-10-12 |
DE2262563A1 (de) | 1973-07-12 |
ES409639A1 (es) | 1976-01-01 |
NL170677B (nl) | 1982-07-01 |
LU66684A1 (de) | 1973-02-19 |
JPS4870140A (de) | 1973-09-22 |
BE792742A (fr) | 1973-06-14 |
FR2173914B1 (de) | 1977-04-08 |
IT970632B (it) | 1974-04-20 |
CA964643A (en) | 1975-03-18 |
JPS514708B2 (de) | 1976-02-13 |
DE2262563B2 (de) | 1974-09-05 |
AU450941B2 (en) | 1974-07-25 |
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