US3798609A - Dynamic shift register for staggered printing head - Google Patents

Dynamic shift register for staggered printing head Download PDF

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Publication number
US3798609A
US3798609A US00311490A US3798609DA US3798609A US 3798609 A US3798609 A US 3798609A US 00311490 A US00311490 A US 00311490A US 3798609D A US3798609D A US 3798609DA US 3798609 A US3798609 A US 3798609A
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United States
Prior art keywords
register
bits
electrodes
shift register
group
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00311490A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Frohbach
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RAPIFAX CO
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RAPIFAX CO
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/385—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective supply of electric current or selective application of magnetism to a printing or impression-transfer material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • the printing head In response to the bits the printing head produces lines or rows of dots on the record medium. In order to achieve good reproduction, it is important that the dots be relatively dense. For example, good reproduction results when two hundred dots per inch are produced on a given line.
  • the density of electrodes which can be provided on the recording head is limited by electrical breakdown between adjacent electrodes of styli. As a practical matter, if the electrodes have a diameter of five mils, only about one hundred electrodes per inch can be provided on the recording head if electrical breakdown is to be avoided.
  • a recording head be provided with two staggered rows of styli or electrodes.
  • two rows of one hundred styli per inch each are employed.
  • the rows are staggered five mils with respect to each other so that the styli of each row traverse different areas of the paper.
  • the rows are spaced ten mils apart.
  • the source of information may stop putting out data at any element and wait. That is, it may put out a series of zeros which are not to be printed. This occurs for precisely mn element periods where m is an integer. It is indicated by the data source on a different channel from the channel which carries the output data.
  • My system provides a relatively inexpensive arrangement utilizing a staggered printing head.
  • My system is capable of retaining information during a wait" period without the use of a static shift register.
  • My arrangement produces the equivalent of a two hundred dot per inch line in a relatively simple and expeditious manner.
  • One object of my invention is to a provide a dynamic shift register for a staggered printing head.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide an electrostatic printing system employing a staggered printing head which system is relatively inexpensive.
  • a further object of my invention is to provide the equivalent of a two hundred dot per inch printed line in a simple and expeditious manner.
  • my invention contemplates the provision of a system for applying groups of data bits to an electrostatic writing head having two staggered lines of electrodes or styli in which the odd bits of a group from a data source are serially fed directly to the electrodes of one line and in which even bits of a group are fed to the electrodes or styli of the other line through a dynamic shift register having a number of places n equal to the number of bits in a group and in which means is provided for recirculating the stored bits through the shift register in response to a wait signal provided by the data source on a separate line.
  • FIGURE is a schematic view of my dynamic shift register for staggered printing head.
  • a record medium 10 is adapted to be printed with lines of dots to make up the information coming from the input source to be described hereinbelow.
  • the writing head includes two spaced lines or rows of styli or electrodes 12 and 14 the electrodes 12 of which can be considered even electrodes and the electrodes 14 of which can be considered to be odd electrodes.
  • the electrodes of a row may be spaced by a distance of about 10 mils and the distance between the two rows is about l0 mils.
  • we have shown five electrodes in each of the two lines whereas in a practical embodiment there will be one hundred electrodes or styli in each line and each group of information bits contains 200 bits.
  • the record medium 10 is adapted to be stepped relative to the head having electrodes 12 and 14 through a distance corresponding to the distance between successive lines to be printed on the record medium in the direction of the arrow A in the drawing to bring lines of the record medium successively into registry with the row of electrodes 14 and the row of electrodes 12.
  • each step is five mils.
  • An even pin selector 16 such as an n12 commutator is adapted to be indexed in response to a signal applied to an indexing section 18 successively to apply bits to the electrodes of the line of electrodes 12.
  • an odd pin selector 20 or commutator is adapted to be stepped in response to a signal at an indexing section 22 successively to apply bits to the electrodes of the row of electrodes 14.
  • the data source 24 of any suitable type known to the art is adapted to put out information bits on line 28 and synchronizing pulses on a line 26 at a rate of about 1,000 pulses per second.
  • the data source also includes a section 42 which carries a normal" signal so long as the data source 24 is putting out information. When no information is being put out by the source 24 the signal from section 42 is not present.
  • a divide-by-two network 30 is adapted to receive the synchronizing pulses from line 26 and to put out a pulse every second synchronizing pulse. 1 apply the output of network 30 directly to the indexing section 22 of the selector 20 to step the selector 20 on every odd synchronizing pulse.
  • a two-input AND circuit 32 receives the input data from line 28 and the output of circuit 30 to apply every odd bit of information from the data source to the selector 20. In this way, odd bits are directly sequentially applied to the electrodes or styli 14 by the odd pin selector or commutator 20.
  • I also apply the output of the circuit 30 to the inhibiting terminal 64 of an amplifier 62 to provide an input for the indexing section 18 of the even pin selector 16 on every even synchronizing pulse.
  • 1 further apply the output of the circuit 30 to an inhibiting input terminal 38 of a two-input AND circuit 36 and the other input of which is supplied by line 28.
  • every even bit of information is passed by the circuit 36 to one input terminal of a two-input AND circuit 44.
  • 1 apply the output from the section 42 data source to the other input terminal of AND circuit 44.
  • every even bit of information is passed to the input of a bit dynamic shift register 40, so long as the normal signal exists at the output of section 42.
  • Data source section 42 and network 30 provide the inputs for a two-input AND circuit 56 which provides a shifting signal to the shift section 58 of the register 40 so long as the normal signal exists.
  • a two-input AND circuit 56 which provides a shifting signal to the shift section 58 of the register 40 so long as the normal signal exists.
  • register 40 is full after two lines of bits have been produced by the source 24.
  • the first bit which moved into the register moves out of the register to one input terminal ofa two-input AND circuit 52, the other input of which is supplied by the data source section 42. From this point onward, the circuit 52 passes the even bits to a line 54 leading to the even pin selector 16.
  • I connect the output from section 42 to the inhibiting terminal 48 of a two-input AND circuit 46 the other input of which is provided by the output from the shift register 40.
  • I apply the output from source section 42 to an inhibiting input terminal of a two-input AND circuit 60 the other input of which is provided by the clock pulse line 26.
  • AND circuit 60 provides shift pulses for stepping the shift register 40 to preserve the data contained therein.
  • the shift register 40 contains the same information in the same order when the wait period began.
  • the head and record medium are stepped relative to each other through a distance equal to the distance between successive lines to be printed which is half the distance between the rows of electrodes 12 and 14 so that the styli 14 are aligned with line 2.
  • the odd pulses are again applied directly to the electrodes of the line 14 and the even pulses of the group are fed into shift register 40 to fill the register.
  • the head and record medium are again stepped relative to each other so that the line of electrodes 14 is aligned with line 3.
  • the row of electrodes 12 is aligned with line 1. It will be remembered that this time the register 40 is full.
  • register 40 should have a bit capacity for a row spacing of three lines. Furthermore during any "wait" period, where ten clock pulses or an integral multiple thereof are provided on line 26, register 40 must be shifted fifteen times or some integral multiple thereof.
  • frequency tripler 72 tuned to the third harmonic of the lock pulse frequency. If desired the output of frequency tripler 72 may be directly connected to the enabling input of AND circuit 60.
  • register 40 would be indexed thirty times; and its entire contents would be recirculated twice.
  • frequency tripler 72 is coupled to a divide-by-two flip-flop pulses, register 40 will be indexed 15 times; and its entire contents will be recirculated once.
  • a dynamic shift register is of simpler and less expensive construction than a static shift register.
  • a dynamic shift register can not retain stored data indefinitely as can a static shift register.
  • I may effectively achieve an indefinite storage period for a dynamic shift register by continually indexing the register at a minimum rate the period of which is somewhat less than the static storage period of the dynamic shift register. For example, if the clock rate on line 26 is 5,000 pulses per second and the information rate on line 28 is correspondingly 5,000 bits per sec ond, register 40 will be indexed at a minimum rate of 2,500 times per second by flip-flop 30 through AND circuit 56. Accordingly the static storage period of dynamic register 40 must be at least 0.4 millisecond and is preferably not less than 0.6 to 0.8 millisecond. During a wait period, register 40 will be indexed 5,000 times per second for a two-line row spacing with switch in the position shown and 7,500 times per second for a three'line row spacing with switch 70 in the alternate position.
  • Printing apparatus including in combination a data source providing information in the form of data bit groups each representing a portion of a line to be printed, a printing head having two staggered rows of electrodes, means for applying alternate bits of each group to the electrodes of one row, and means including a dynamic shift register for applying the other bits of each group to the electrodes of the other row.
  • Apparatus as in claim 1 further including means for selectively recirculating the contents of said register.
  • Apparatus as in claim 1 further including means for selectively recirculating the entire contents of the register an integral number of times.
  • Apparatus as in claim 1 further including means for normally indexing the shift register at a predetermined rate and means for selectively indexing the shift register at K times said rate, where K is an integer not less than two.
  • Printing apparatus including in combination a data source providing data bits representing a portion of a line to be printed, a printing head having a row of electrodes, a dynamic shift register having a certain static storage time, means selectively coupling the source to the register, means selectively coupling the register to the electrodes, means selectively recirculating the contents of the register, and means continually indexing the shift register at rates greater than the reciprocal of its static storage time.

Landscapes

  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
  • Paper Feeding For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Dot-Matrix Printers And Others (AREA)
  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
US00311490A 1972-12-04 1972-12-04 Dynamic shift register for staggered printing head Expired - Lifetime US3798609A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US31149072A 1972-12-04 1972-12-04

Publications (1)

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US3798609A true US3798609A (en) 1974-03-19

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US00311490A Expired - Lifetime US3798609A (en) 1972-12-04 1972-12-04 Dynamic shift register for staggered printing head

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3798609A (it)
JP (1) JPS5237939B2 (it)
CA (1) CA983861A (it)
DE (1) DE2359395C3 (it)
FR (1) FR2209168B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1455690A (it)
NL (1) NL7316507A (it)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4258373A (en) * 1979-02-15 1981-03-24 Burroughs Corporation Electrostatic recording apparatus and method
US4262294A (en) * 1977-08-09 1981-04-14 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Electrostatic printing apparatus comprising improved electrode drive means
US4419679A (en) * 1980-06-03 1983-12-06 Benson, Inc. Guadrascan styli for use in staggered recording head
US4864331A (en) * 1986-10-22 1989-09-05 Markem Corporation Offset electrostatic imaging process

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2306831C3 (de) * 1973-02-12 1975-12-11 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Aufzeichnung veränderlicher Strom- oder Spannungswerte
JPS5415414B2 (it) * 1974-11-15 1979-06-14

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2898468A (en) * 1956-06-29 1959-08-04 Gen Dynamics Corp Recording apparatus
US2930847A (en) * 1956-11-01 1960-03-29 Rca Corp Printer
US2951121A (en) * 1954-04-26 1960-08-30 Conrad Ivan Willard High speed telegraph system
US2955894A (en) * 1957-04-05 1960-10-11 Burroughs Corp Page printing apparatus
US3023731A (en) * 1957-06-06 1962-03-06 Haloid Co Electrostatic alphanumerical printer with image transfer mechanism
US3072046A (en) * 1959-05-27 1963-01-08 Shull Stanley Arthur High-speed printer for computers
US3503063A (en) * 1964-05-07 1970-03-24 Rank Precision Ind Ltd Electric discharge tubes
US3624661A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-11-30 Honeywell Inc Electrographic printing system with plural staggered electrode rows

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS545256B1 (it) * 1970-05-21 1979-03-15
GB1274607A (en) * 1971-03-23 1972-05-17 Creed & Co Ltd Data displays

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2951121A (en) * 1954-04-26 1960-08-30 Conrad Ivan Willard High speed telegraph system
US2898468A (en) * 1956-06-29 1959-08-04 Gen Dynamics Corp Recording apparatus
US2930847A (en) * 1956-11-01 1960-03-29 Rca Corp Printer
US2955894A (en) * 1957-04-05 1960-10-11 Burroughs Corp Page printing apparatus
US3023731A (en) * 1957-06-06 1962-03-06 Haloid Co Electrostatic alphanumerical printer with image transfer mechanism
US3072046A (en) * 1959-05-27 1963-01-08 Shull Stanley Arthur High-speed printer for computers
US3503063A (en) * 1964-05-07 1970-03-24 Rank Precision Ind Ltd Electric discharge tubes
US3624661A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-11-30 Honeywell Inc Electrographic printing system with plural staggered electrode rows

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4262294A (en) * 1977-08-09 1981-04-14 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Electrostatic printing apparatus comprising improved electrode drive means
US4258373A (en) * 1979-02-15 1981-03-24 Burroughs Corporation Electrostatic recording apparatus and method
US4419679A (en) * 1980-06-03 1983-12-06 Benson, Inc. Guadrascan styli for use in staggered recording head
US4864331A (en) * 1986-10-22 1989-09-05 Markem Corporation Offset electrostatic imaging process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7316507A (it) 1974-06-06
JPS5237939B2 (it) 1977-09-26
CA983861A (en) 1976-02-17
DE2359395C3 (de) 1980-10-02
FR2209168B1 (it) 1976-11-19
FR2209168A1 (it) 1974-06-28
DE2359395B2 (de) 1980-01-31
DE2359395A1 (de) 1974-06-27
JPS4989445A (it) 1974-08-27
GB1455690A (en) 1976-11-17

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