US3793628A - Electroluminescent display device - Google Patents

Electroluminescent display device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3793628A
US3793628A US00285734A US3793628DA US3793628A US 3793628 A US3793628 A US 3793628A US 00285734 A US00285734 A US 00285734A US 3793628D A US3793628D A US 3793628DA US 3793628 A US3793628 A US 3793628A
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row
column
electroluminescent
bank
voltage source
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US00285734A
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J Gaur
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NCR Voyix Corp
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NCR Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
    • G09G3/288—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels
    • G09G3/296—Driving circuits for producing the waveforms applied to the driving electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
    • G09G3/288—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0238—Improving the black level

Definitions

  • G08b 5/36 of rows and columns- Means are Provided for connect- [58] Field of Search 340/324 M, 343, 344; ing Selected rows and columns to a Source Of voltage 315/169 R, 169 TV in a particular sequence whereby the cell positioned at the juncture of a selected column and row is caused to 56 References Cited luminesce during each selected period while all non- UNITED STATES PATENTS selected cells are inhibited to fire except only once 3 6 296 10,197 J h 340/166 during the entire period of operation of displaying a 0 nson 3,334,269 8/1967 Heureux 340 324 M x pattern on the devlce 3,614,739 l0/l971 Johnson 340/166 R 20 Claims, 17 Drawing Figures r ⁇ l VOLTAGE 30V 23 i 22 270 SOURCE a $2 A J COLUMN B .44 f a" 02 SELECTOR Q12 .Q L 2 f 29
  • FIG.2 . -ROW 2 COLUMN I I ROW 3 ROW 4 v J FIG.2
  • FIG. 3B I RELATIVE TIMING OF CLOCKS d a (02 '1] LI LI LI LI I LILF S PATENTEBFEBI 91974 SHEET 2 OF 4 M959 m 26m mQSQO 255 50 A. 266% E52 M wi ll 55: F
  • the present invention relates generally to display or data storage systems which are comprised of a matrix of electroluminescent cells. More particularly, the invention relates to a novel system for selectively lighting a particular cell in the matrix while minimizing the lighting of all non-selected cells.
  • a particular phenomenon is encountered when gas cells are used as the electroluminescent source. When an electric field of sufficient magnitude is applied to an electroluminescent cell of the gas type, ionization of the gas (gaseous discharge) occurs within the cell, which causes positive charges to be deposited on the dielectric material covering the cathode, and electrons to be deposited on the dielectric material covering the anode.
  • the charges deposited on the walls are trapped because of the capacitive coupling effect exerted by the cell walls and electrodes. Since positive ions are attached to the cathode wall and electrons are attached to the anode wall, the wall charge will be of a polarity opposite to that of the electric field which instigated the gas discharge. Therefore, after a discharge the total voltage impressed on the cell will be the algebraic sums of the voltage applied to the cell plus the voltage contributed by the wall charge. The gas discharge which occurs in the cell continues until the wall voltage builds to a value point where the applied voltage can no longer sustain ionization, and the cell turns off. In order to ignite the cell again using the same magnitude of applied voltage, it is necessary to reverse the polarity of the applied voltage.
  • the wall charge is trapped within the cell, the wall voltage will always oppose the voltage which initiated the gas discharge.
  • the major problem associated with the use of gas cells in a display matrix is the firing of the unselected cells due to the fact that a voltage is supplied to one side of the unselected cell.
  • the above prior art system uses a means for applying suppression pulses to the unselected rows of the matrix. This results in a potential difference at the cross-over point of the unselected row and selected column, which is insufficient to ignite the cell interposed at the particular cross-over point. That approach requires complex circuitry.
  • control is the half-select mode, in which one half of the necessary voltage is applied to one side of the gas cell and the other half is applied to the other side thereby effectively applying a full voltage across the selected cell.
  • a display device wherein a matrix is formed using crossed rows and columns'of conductors and a plurality of electroluminescent cells connecting the rows and columns at their crossover points.
  • a voltage source is provided for igniting the cells.
  • a first means is provided for cyclically connecting a selected column in circuit with the voltage source at a fixed frequency.
  • An additional means is provided for cyclically connecting a selected row and all non-selected columns in circuit with the voltage source at the fixed frequency, shifted in phase so as to minimize the luminescence of the non-selected cells to a level below human detection.
  • the first means for cycling connects a selected column in circuit with the voltage source at the fixed frequency while connecting all the non-selected columns to a reference potential, such as ground.
  • the additional means for cycling connects a selected row in circuit with the voltage source at the fixed frequency, shifted in phase while connecting all non-selected rows to the voltage source.
  • a principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved display matrix wherein only the electroluminescent cell chosen by row and column selection is visibly lit.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for selecting individual cells of a display matrix for illumination without visually illuminating any of the non-selected cells.
  • FIG. I is a sectional view of a plasma cell that can be utilized with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a plurality of cells connected to a common column
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b are clocked signals which are selectively applied to the plurality of cells shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 40 to 4e illustrate the proper application of the clock signals as per a first method of operation
  • FIGS. 5a to 5e illustrate the proper application of the clock signals as per a second method of operation
  • FIG. 6 illustrates in block diagram form one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a sub-block which may be substituted for a sub-block in the block diagram of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 illustrates in block diagram form another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents an electroluminescent cell, of the gas discharge type, which may be used with the present invention.
  • the cell 10 is comprised of two glass members 11 and 12 which are bonded together to form a chamber 13.
  • a gas 14 such as neon, is inserted into the chamber under pressure.
  • Electrodes l5 and 16 are positioned on either side of the chamber 14.
  • Terminals A and B are connected to the electrodes for applying a potential to the gas.
  • a potential of sufficient magnitude is applied across terminals A and B a discharge occurs in the gas 14.
  • the electrons and ions created by the discharge will attach to the anode and cathode sides of the glass members respectively, so as to produce a wall charge.
  • the voltage attributed to the wall charge has a polarity opposite to that of the applied voltage which caused the discharge. When the wall charge builds to a certain level the cell can no longer sustain the discharge and the cell turns off.
  • the cell of FIG. I is modified to contain a plurality of electrodes, with the group of electrodes positioned on one side of the cell being designated row electrodes and the group positioned on the opposite side being called the column electrodes.
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents a cross section of a cell wherein one column is shown as being common to four rows.
  • the use of four rows is by way of example only, and either more or less rows or columns may be used as desired.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate a continuous two phase clock signal which can be used with the present embodiments.
  • the signal shown corresponds to only one time slot T, and is identical for all remaining time slots.
  • the +V potential is of sufficient magnitude to cause the cell to fire if the wall charge is not opposed.
  • One phase of the clock signal is designated (1), with the out of phase signal having the designation Analog quadrative phased signals could also be used effectively in place of the digital clocks.
  • FIG. 40 there is shown the voltages which are applied to column 1 for one scan cycle.
  • the cycle is comprised of eight time slots, labeled T, to T inclusive.
  • T time slots
  • T time slot
  • T time slot
  • the very first pulse 4), or (b, on the column side fires the virgin cell once and deposits a positive charge on the column side and a negative charge on the row 1 side.
  • the polarity of this charge is such as to oppose the applied field during the time when 4), and 11 are applied to the column side and, therefore, this cell never fires again.
  • Row 2 is not selected during the selection time of this column (T,), but it is selected some other time (T, and T).
  • T the cell fires once with the very first pulse or 4: on the column side and when the row 2 is at +V.
  • the wall charge deposited by this firing always opposes the applied field, except when row 2 is selected. It should be noted that when row 2 is selected in some other columns, the applied voltages on the two sides of this cell are in phase so the wall charge is not destroyed. Therefore this cell remains always charged and inhibits any more firing during the rest of the time.
  • Case III Row 3 is full selected in this column (T,), never selected in other columns. In this case the selected cell fires back and forth starting with the first pulse, 42, or that occurs during the selection time.
  • the cell After the completion of the selection time the cell is left with positive charge on the row side and negative charge on the column side.
  • the very first pulse dz, on the column side after the selection time fires the cell once and this reverses the polarity of the charge, which prohibits further firing of the cell in the unselected time.
  • the polarity of this charge because of the polarity of this charge,
  • the cell does skip a firing with the first 4), pulse in the next selected time. Therefore the total number of times the selected cell fires remains unchanged.
  • Case Iv Row 4 is full selected in this column (T and is also selected in some or all other columns (T T and T As in Case III, during the selected time the cell fires back and forth. The last pulse in the selected time leaves the row side with a positive charge. If this row is selected by all other columns, then this charge polarity is not destroyed and the cell fires back with the first 4), pulse in the selected time. However, if this row is not selected in any one of the columns, the cell will fire once in that time duration, but skip one firing in its next selected time. Therefore the total number of times the selected cell fires remains unaltered.
  • Row 2 is not selected during the selection time (T of Column 1, but it is selected in other columns (T and T).
  • T the cell fires once when (1;, is applied to Column 1.
  • the field produced by this wall charge op poses the applied field except when 4: is applied to the row side. It should be noted that when o is applied to the row side, either there is no applied field or the applied field is opposite to that of the wall charge. So long as the equivalent voltage of the wall charge does not exceed the firing voltage, the cell cannot fire back when there is no applied field. Hence this cell remains charged and inhibits any more firing during the rest of the time.
  • the cell fires back and forth and after the selection time the cell fires once again when the. column is grounded. This leaves the cell charged such as to oppose the applied field during the rest of the cycle and thus prohibits further firing of the cell.
  • the cell skips one firing with the first (1), pulse on the column side at the beginning of the next cycle and then fires back and forth. Therefore, the total number of times the cell fires remains unchanged.
  • Case IV Row 4 is full selected in Column 1 as well as in some other columns.
  • the first grounding pulse after the selected time leaves the row side negatively charged and the column side positively charged.
  • the field due to the wall charge never adds to the applied field and the cell never fires back during the rest of the scan cycle.
  • the cell skips one firing in the selected time and the number of times the selected cell fires remains unaltered.
  • a matrix 20 is comprised of a plurality of row conductors 22, crossing a plurality of column conductors 21, with electroluminescent cells 10 connecting each of the crossing rows and columns at their juncture points.
  • a first bank of switches 26 operates to alternately connect each of the rows between a common point (ground) and the positive terminal of voltage supply 24.
  • the other terminal of voltage supply 24 is connected to the common point.
  • a two phase signal generator 29 provides two signals, (11, and (1, which are separated in phase by Other phase relationships may be used as long as an overlapping condition is avoided.
  • a row select or 28 passes the signal (1) to a corresponding row select switch in bank 26. The selected switch is then alternated at the frequency of signal 41 thereby alternately connecting the selected row to the +V source and to the common point. The non-selected switches remain in the +V position.
  • a second bank of switches 23 operates to alternately connect each of the columns to the common point and the +V source.
  • the column select or 30 receives as inputs the 4:, and signals from the two phase clock generator 29. When a column is selected the 4), signal is fed to the switch connected to the selected column while all nonselected columns are fed the i12 signal.
  • the selected columns in this case the one served by switch 25d) will have the waveform shown in FIG. 4a applied to it while the selected row will have the waveform shown in FIG. 4d applied to it.
  • FIG. 7 a first embodiment of the second scheme is shown, wherein, the column select or 31 can be substituted for the column select-or 30 in FIG. 6 by attaching its output leads to the corresponding switchlines labeled A, B, C or D.
  • Column select or 31 receives the signal and feeds this signal to any selected column. All non-selected columns are maintained in thecommen or ground position.
  • the switches shown in the first and second bank are shown with mechanical arms. It would be obvious to a person skilled in the art that electronic switches could be used to achieve greater speed.
  • the matrix is shown comprised of seven row conductors 22 and eight column conductors 21. One end of each column and row conductor is connected by an impedance means 32 to the positive terminal +V ofa two terminal supply 24..
  • Electroluminescent cells 10 interconnect column and row conductor at each crossover point.
  • a first bank 40 of driver switches 43 operates to connect selected rows to the negative terminal of supply 24.
  • Each switch 43 in bank 40 is an NPN transistor, the collector of which is connected to the end of the row conductor opposite the end connected to the impedance means, with the emitter being connected to the negative terminal of supply 24, and the base being connected to one of the outputs of a binary to seven row decoder 44. In operation a positive signal on the base of transistor 43 will turn it on, connecting the selected row in circuit with the supply 24.
  • An identical bank 41 of driver switches is provided for column selection.
  • input data is fed to a data timing control block 45 by means of a buffer circuit 46.
  • the input data can for example come from a card reader or manual key selector.
  • the data timing control circuit 45 and column selector 49 are provided with the same control signal from the binary counter 50 so as to load the desired data in the selected column.
  • the binary counter 50 receives as its input the signal 4), from the two phase generator 29.
  • the counters output is a repeating signal that is synchronized to the signal 4),.
  • the repeating signal causes the column selector to sequentially scan all of the columns periodically at a frequency less than the frequency of the two phase signals, but greater than a frequency that is visible to the human eye.
  • the ANDing circuit 48 feeds the signal dz, to the selected column driver, and the signal 4, to all the non-selected column drivers.
  • the binary to seven row decoder feeds the signal 95 to the selected row driver while maintaining all other driver switches in the off position.
  • the second embodiment of FIG. 8 can be modified for the second scheme by not feeding the 4),; signal to the ANDing circuit 48 so that the non-selected column drivers are maintained in an on condition, with the selected column driver receiving the second phase signal
  • a display device comprising in combination: a plurality of row conductors; a plurality of column conductors forming a matrix with said plurality of row conductors; a plurality of electroluminescent cells connecting rows to columns at their crossover points; a voltage source, the voltage level of which is sufficient to initially cause luminescence in a cell;
  • said voltage source is a two terminal source, one terminal of which is connected to one end of said column and row conductors, and the other terminal of which is connected to each of said means for cyclically connecting.
  • said electroluminescent cells are comprised of an insulating envelope containing an ionizable medium, and at least one pair of insulated electrodes positioned for ionizing the medium when a voltage level commensurate with the ionization voltage of said medium is applied across a pair of electrodes, such that the ionization of said medium causes a wall charge to be attached to the interior wall surfaces of said insulating envelope.
  • An electroluminescent display matrix comprising in combination:
  • a first bank of switches for individually connecting each row conductor alternately between the common point and the other terminal of said voltage source
  • a second bank of switches for individually connecting each column conductor alternately between the common point and the other terminal of said voltage source
  • said electroluminescent cells are comprised of an insulating envelope containing an ionizable medium, at least one pair of insulated electrodes positioned for ionizing the medium when a voltage level commensurate with the ionization voltage of said medium is applied across a pair of electrodes, such that the ionization of said medium causes a wall charge to be attached to the interior wall surfaces of said insulating envelope.
  • An electroluminescent display matrix comprising in combination:
  • a voltage source for providing a voltage level commensurate with the ignition voltage of said cells
  • impedance means connecting said voltage source to one end of each of said row and column conductors
  • electroluminescent display matrix wherein said electroluminescent cells are comprised of an insulating envelope containing an ionizable medium, and at least one pair of insulated electrodes positioned for ionizing the medium when a voltage level commensurate with the ionization voltage of said medium is applied across a pair of electrodes, such that the ionization of said medium causes a wall charge to be attached to the interior wall surfaces of said insulating envelope.
  • a display device comprising in combination:
  • a voltage source the voltage level of which is sufficient to initially cause luminescence in a cell
  • said electroluminescent cells are comprised of an insulating envelope containing an ionizable medium, and at least one pair of insulated electrodes positioned for ionizing the medium when a voltage level commensurate with the ionization voltage of said medium is applied across a pair of electrodes, such that the ionization of said medium causes a wall charge to be attached to the interior wall surfaces of said insulating envelope.
  • An electroluminescent display matrix comprising in combination:
  • a first bank of switches for individually connecting each row conductor alternately between the common point and the other terminal of said voltage source
  • a second bank of switches for individually connecting each column conductor alternately between the common point and the other terminal of said voltage source
  • electroluminescent display matrix wherein said electroluminescent cells are comprised of an insulating envelope containing an ionizable medium, and at least one pair of insulated electrodes positioned for ionizing the medium when a voltage level commensurate with the ionization voltage of said medium is applied across a pair of electrodes such that the ionization of said medium causes a wall charge to be attached to the interior wall surfaces of said insulating envelope.
  • An electroluminescent display matrix comprising in combination:
  • impedance means connecting the other terminal of said voltage source to one end of each of said row and column conductors
  • a first bank of switches for individually connecting the opposite end of each of said row conductors to the common point
  • electroluminescent display matrix wherein said electroluminescent cells are comprised of an insulating envelope containing an ionizable medium, and at least one pair of insulated electrodes positioned for ionizing the medium when a voltage level commensurate with the ionization voltage of said medium is applied across a pair of electrodes, such that the ionization of said medium causes a wall charge to be attached to the interior wall surfaces of said insulating envelope.
  • a display device comprising in combination:
  • a first pulsating voltage source the voltage level of which is sufficient to cause said bistable display element to change state
  • a second pulsating voltage source of the voltage level of which is sufficient to cause said bistable display elements to change state,said second source being out of phase with said first source;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
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US00285734A 1972-09-01 1972-09-01 Electroluminescent display device Expired - Lifetime US3793628A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4247854A (en) * 1979-05-09 1981-01-27 Ncr Corporation Gas panel with improved circuit for display operation
US4652872A (en) * 1983-07-07 1987-03-24 Nec Kansai, Ltd. Matrix display panel driving system
US4688030A (en) * 1983-08-26 1987-08-18 Ise Electronics Corporation Fluorescent display device
US5663742A (en) * 1995-08-21 1997-09-02 Micron Display Technology, Inc. Compressed field emission display
US5854615A (en) * 1996-10-03 1998-12-29 Micron Display Technology, Inc. Matrix addressable display with delay locked loop controller
US5982345A (en) * 1996-02-09 1999-11-09 Tdk Corporation Organic electroluminescent image display device
US20040155842A1 (en) * 1998-08-21 2004-08-12 Pioneer Corporation Light-emitting display device and driving method therefor

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5375450U (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1976-11-26 1978-06-23
JPS569918Y2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1978-05-29 1981-03-05

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US3334269A (en) * 1964-07-28 1967-08-01 Itt Character display panel having a plurality of glow discharge cavities including resistive ballast means exposed to the glow discharge therein
US3611296A (en) * 1969-12-29 1971-10-05 Owens Illinois Inc Driving circuitry for gas discharge panel
US3614739A (en) * 1969-05-02 1971-10-19 Owens Illinois Inc Integrated driving circuitry for gas discharge panel
US3668688A (en) * 1969-12-29 1972-06-06 Owens Illinois Inc Gas discharge display and memory panel having addressing and interface circuits integral therewith
US3673460A (en) * 1970-09-15 1972-06-27 Owens Illinois Inc Low voltage pulse system for addressing gas discharge display/memory panels

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BE754223A (fr) * 1969-08-04 1970-12-31 Ncr Co Dispositif d'affichage electroluminescent

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3334269A (en) * 1964-07-28 1967-08-01 Itt Character display panel having a plurality of glow discharge cavities including resistive ballast means exposed to the glow discharge therein
US3614739A (en) * 1969-05-02 1971-10-19 Owens Illinois Inc Integrated driving circuitry for gas discharge panel
US3611296A (en) * 1969-12-29 1971-10-05 Owens Illinois Inc Driving circuitry for gas discharge panel
US3668688A (en) * 1969-12-29 1972-06-06 Owens Illinois Inc Gas discharge display and memory panel having addressing and interface circuits integral therewith
US3673460A (en) * 1970-09-15 1972-06-27 Owens Illinois Inc Low voltage pulse system for addressing gas discharge display/memory panels

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4247854A (en) * 1979-05-09 1981-01-27 Ncr Corporation Gas panel with improved circuit for display operation
US4652872A (en) * 1983-07-07 1987-03-24 Nec Kansai, Ltd. Matrix display panel driving system
US4688030A (en) * 1983-08-26 1987-08-18 Ise Electronics Corporation Fluorescent display device
US5663742A (en) * 1995-08-21 1997-09-02 Micron Display Technology, Inc. Compressed field emission display
US5982345A (en) * 1996-02-09 1999-11-09 Tdk Corporation Organic electroluminescent image display device
US5854615A (en) * 1996-10-03 1998-12-29 Micron Display Technology, Inc. Matrix addressable display with delay locked loop controller
US20040155842A1 (en) * 1998-08-21 2004-08-12 Pioneer Corporation Light-emitting display device and driving method therefor

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IT993129B (it) 1975-09-30
JPS4968691A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-07-03
BE804266A (fr) 1973-12-17
GB1423873A (en) 1976-02-04
CA1005551A (en) 1977-02-15
NL7311646A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-03-05
AU473280B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1976-06-17
DE2342792C2 (de) 1984-03-29
JPS5918713B2 (ja) 1984-04-28
ZA735523B (en) 1974-07-31
CH578222A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1976-07-30
DE2342792A1 (de) 1974-03-14
FR2198251B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1978-09-08
AU5936673A (en) 1975-02-20
FR2198251A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-03-29

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