US3793472A - Systems for correcting of processing so-called diagnostic tests of multiple choice type - Google Patents

Systems for correcting of processing so-called diagnostic tests of multiple choice type Download PDF

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Publication number
US3793472A
US3793472A US00171557A US3793472DA US3793472A US 3793472 A US3793472 A US 3793472A US 00171557 A US00171557 A US 00171557A US 3793472D A US3793472D A US 3793472DA US 3793472 A US3793472 A US 3793472A
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markings
coded
areas
information
copy
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H Samuelson
S Wallin
I Sternberg
L Gustafsson
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STUDENTLITTERATUR AB
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STUDENTLITTERATUR AB
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • G06K17/0032—Apparatus for automatic testing and analysing marked record carriers, used for examinations of the multiple choice answer type

Definitions

  • 600000 1900000 6600000 121 sElD
  • PATENTED 1 9 974 sum 01 0F.13
  • the present invention relates to a system for correcting or processing so-called diagnostic tests of multiple choice type, in which the students answers are given on answer forms having different markings for answer alternatives to each question and comprising an original and at least one copy.
  • test results must be processes statistically and the results must be arranged in different tables. As the number of students of the various courses often are 600-700, the rapidity in collecting and processing the information must be very high.
  • the optical reader should be able to transfer the information read from the students answer form to a punched tape and that it should be possible for e.g., a porter or a secretary to handle the optical reader.
  • this tape is sent to a computing centre where the computer is provided with a correction program which is adapted to the information collecting method used.
  • the above objects are realized by means of a system of the type described above, wherein the original is detached from the copy and fed to a reading device reading the informatiori on the original and recording this information on a recording medium and/or feeding the information to a computer directly or via the recording medium for processing and writing out the processed information in a suitable format, and the copy is fed to an answer key in the form of a device for marking the correct answers on the copy.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a form for use in the system of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an electronic circuit means for a reading device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a time diagram illustrating the mode of operation of the circuit means shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing an amplifier for the circuit means of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5A shows an input pulse to the amplifier of FIG.
  • FIG. 5B shows an output pulse from the amplifier of FIG. 5
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a comparator for the circuit means of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6A shows an output pulse from the comparator of FIG. 6
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a register for the circuit means of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a delay circuit for the circuit means of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 8A shows the symbol used in FIG. 3 for the circuit of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a pulse generating circuit for the circuit means of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 9A shows the symbol used in FIG. 3 for the circuit of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing an indicator for the circuit means of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 10A shows the symbol used in FIG. 3 for the circuit of FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a decoding circuit for the circuit means of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a parity generator for the circuit means of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 12A is a circuit diagram showing the symbo used in FIG. 3 for the circuit of FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a control network for the circuit means shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 14 is a view showing a feed table for the reading device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic side view of the table of FIG. 14;
  • FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a reading head for the reading device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a bottom view of the reading head
  • FIG. 18 is a partial perspective view of an answer key or a device for marking the correct answers on a form according to the invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a partial perspective view of another part of the device of FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 20 is a side view of the device of FIG. 18,
  • FIG. 21 is a partial sectional view of the device of FIG. 18.
  • FIG. 22 is a further partial sectional view of the device of FIG. 18.
  • the students answer consists of a form comprising an original 1 and a copy 2.
  • the original 1 and the copy 2 should preferably be attached to each other, and at the end of the written test or when the student is to hand in his answer he detaches the original from the copy 2.
  • the original is handed over to a porter or other person taking care of the original for further processing.
  • the student is allowed to keep the copy 2 and takes this with him to an answer key 3 or a device marking the correct answers on the students form copy 2, which device will be described more in detail later on.
  • the original '1 is fed into an optical reader 4 which first reads the information on the original and processes it in a suitable way so that the information can be fed to a recording device 5, preferably in the form of a tape punch.
  • the original 1 is fed to the archives 6.
  • the punched tape received from the recording device 5 is transferred to a computer 7 which is provided with a suitable program for handling the information on the punched tape.
  • This information is processed in a suitable manner in the computer 7 and the result of this processing operation is written out on one form 8 for a course designer, one form 9 for a teacher and a duplicate 10 for the student.
  • the students duplicate enables him to check the information the teacher has received 'from the computer 7.
  • FIG. 2 An example of an answer form is shown in more detail in FIG. 2.
  • the form is divided into different fields ll, 12, 13 and 14.
  • the field 11 is in the form ofa head and is intended for identification of the student by stating, for instance, name, personal number, test, etc., not coded.
  • the field 12 is intended for reproduction of the text not coded in coded form and, if desired, for control information to the computer in coded form.
  • the field 13 is intended for the students answer in the form of a sign in one of the alternative markings for each question. This sign may in principle consist of anything, e.g., a cross, a ring, a point, a filling, etc., in one of the square markings. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the field 14 is divided into two fields positioned on either side of fields ll, 12 and 13.
  • the field 14 is intended for control information to the reading device 4.
  • the fields 12 and 13 are provided with a number of markings in the form of squares 15. These squares 15 are arranged in groups having five squares in each group. These groups of markings are arranged in three columns. The distance between the columns is greater than that between the square of one group. The square within each group are aligned and also the groups in the different columns are aligned with each other.
  • the right-hand part of field 14 shown in FIG. 2 there is a column of clock-pulse generating markings K1 1 which are filled.
  • the markings K11 are situated at the same distance from each other throughout the column in the right-hand part of the field 14.
  • these markings K12 are situated at the same distance from each other along the entire column except along the field l l and the last marking in the column which is situated more closely to the preceding marking.
  • the markings K12 in the left-hand part of the field 14 are positioned right between the markings K11 in the right-hand part of field 14. The reason therefor will be described in more detail in connection with the description of the mode of operation of the reading device.
  • the form shown in FIG. 2 is so arranged that it can be put into a machine without confusion.
  • the square markings 15 are arranged unsymmetrically on the form. This is illustrated by means of the system of coordinates indicated at the top to the left. This coordinate system is illustrated by means of a horizontal axis X and a vertical axis Y intersecting each other at the beginning of the first square marking on the form. This intersectional point is also considered to coincide with the corner of the form.
  • the first squares in the coordinate system have been numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and it appears that square markings are to be found only in the odd squares in the coordinate system.
  • the fact that the form is rectangular makes it impossible to place it in a machine in more than one way if a marking is to be made in the squares. If the form is turned wrong when it is put into the machine, the marking produced by the machine will not fall within any of the squares 15 but outside these squares, whereupon the form can be turned into its correct position so that the marking will fall within the squares. Thus, the form will not either be destroyed if it should be turned wrong when being put into the machine.
  • the square markings K11 have a dimension of 3 X 4 mm, the width being 4 mm and the height 3 mm. It should be noted, however, that the first K11 marking .on the form has a height of 4 mm and that the distance between the K11 markings is 5 mm throughout the column, and that both the first pulse and the last pulse in the column are situated adjacent the edge portion on the respective short side.
  • the markings K12 in the left-hand column have a height of 1.5 mm and are positioned at levels right between the markings K11. It should also be noted that the markings K12 start at one of the short sides of the form with a marking having a height of 2 mm.
  • the last marking K12 is placed adjacent the other short side of the form and has a height of 3 mm.
  • the invention should of course not be considered restricted to the above mentioned dimensions.
  • FIG. 2 shows various examples of how a student can deliver his answer to questions 1-5.
  • the type of signs is of no importance
  • the student or a porter should detach the original 1 which should be kept as a document of the students answer while the student may keep the copy 2 and take it with him from the written test.
  • the porter has collected all the original he will have to pass them on to the station where the reading device 4 and the recording device 5 are placed.
  • FIGS. 3-17 illustrate the reading device 4 according to the present invention.
  • the reading device comprises a feed table 16 which is clamped between side pieces 17 and 18 at an angle of about 30 to the horizontal plane, as seen from the side.
  • the feed table Provided on the feed table are two guide rails 19, 20 between which an original 1 is to be guided so as to reach a feed roller 21 which is rotatably mounted on a shaft which is driven by a suitable driving means.
  • the feed roller 21 carries the original 1 past a reading head 22 to a pair of feed rollers 23.
  • These feed rollers 23 are mounted on the same shaft which is driven by a suitable driving means.
  • the feed roller 21 is to be driven at a slightly lower speed than the feed rollers 23, which results in the original 1 being stretched in the zone below the reading head 22.
  • the speed of the feed roller 21 may be, say, 95 percent of the speed of the feed rollers 23.
  • the reading head 22 is of the optical type and is shown in more detail in FIGS. 16 and 17. Quite close to the form is a diaphragm 24 having an aperture 25 for each square marking and an aperture for each of the clock-pulse generating marking columns K11 and K12. Thus, for the form shown in FIG. 2 there are seventeen apertures 25 in the diaphragm 24.
  • each of the apertures 25 in the diaphragm 24 there is a photoelectric cell 26.
  • These cells 26 are arranged in apertures in a light conductor 27, and the apertures in the light conductor 27 are aligned with the apertures 25 in the diaphragm 24.
  • each clock-pulse marking K11 and K12 always results in a signal change because the clock-pulse markings are filled. Consequently, when the original 1 is fed past the reading head 22, signal changes are obtained from at least five of the cells 26, viz., the outer clock-pulse cells and at least one cell in each column.
  • each of the photo-electric cells 26 is coupled to a register via one amplifier and one comparator, respectively.
  • the cell corresponding to the clock-pulse markings K11 is coupled via an amplifier and a comparator to the register and a control network while the cell corresponding to the clock-pulse markings K12 is coupled via an amplifier and a comparator to the control network.
  • the control network is coupled to the register via two conductors, a resetting signal appearing on one conductor and a read order appearing on the other conductor.
  • the read order conductor from the control network is also coupled to a parity generator.
  • the register is coupled to a decoding circuit which, in its turn, is coupled to the parity generator.
  • Two conductors lead from the control network to the decoding device, and a start signal P for a punching device appears on one of said conductors and decoding phase signals F appear on the other.
  • the decoding device, the parity generator and the control network are coupled to a per se known tape punch 5 which only is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the decoding device is connected with the punch 5 via five conductors each representing one of the different answer alternatives to a question and being designed A, B, C, D, E and Ch], Ch2, Ch3, Ch4 and Ch6, respectively.
  • the parity generator is connected with the punch via a conductor Ch5 and the control network is connected with the punch via three conductors Ch7, P1 and PR.
  • a start signal for the punch appears on the conductor Pl-and a ready signal from the punch appears on the conductor PR.
  • FIG. 3 also shows a network voltage unit suitable for feeding the different circuits and converting an alternate voltage of 220 V and 50 Hz into direct voltages of +5V and +15V.
  • FIGS. 5-13 show in more detail the circuits included in the block diagram according to FIG. 3. No doubt the circuit diagrams shown in FIGS. 5-13 are so illustrative to anyone skilled in the art that no further description appears necessary for the understanding of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 contains in the right-hand part of field 14 reference symbols A-E.
  • A-E all the circuits are set to zero because both a K11-pulse and a K12- pulse appear at the same time.
  • B five K11-pulses have been obtained, which generates the signal fresh form which appears on the conductor Ch7 from the control network and the signal P1 which is the starting signal for the punch 5.
  • the register and the phase flip-flops are set to zero and the reading condition is obtained.
  • the reading take place in the zone C.
  • the decoding phases are passed through and information stored in the register is punched.
  • the register and the phase flip-flops are set to zero.
  • the same thing as in zone C takes place at D except that also the reading condition is set to zero.
  • E all the circuits are set to zero.
  • the form must have been fed askew below the reading head. This results in an error signal immediately interrupting the punching operation and lighting a red lamp. The lamp calls the operators attention to the error and the operator must feed the form through the reading device once more. After such an indication manual resetting must take place before a punching operation can be carried out. If the counter records more than forty K11 markings or signals, for instance due to dirt, erasure chips or the like, an error signal is also obtained preventing punching according to the above. An error signal is also obtained if a form is fed too early into the reading device.
  • the fresh form comes to rest on the preceding form, its control markings appear in the zone C of the preceding form, which results in an error signal and interruption of the punching operation. If the fresh form comes below the preceding form, the first part of the fresh form is cut off and when the coinciding markings at E at its end are read, the counter will not have recorded forty K11- markings, which results in an error signal preventing the punching operation.
  • the time diagram in FIG. 4 illustrates the various decoding phases Fl-F3.
  • the first decoding phase begins and during this phase the answer to the question in the first group of markings on a line is punched out.
  • this decoding phase there is another recovering period C of 75 pis. This recovering period is followed by the decoding phase F3 during which the answer to the question in the last group of markings on the line is punched out and at the end of which resetting to zero takes place, whereupon reading of the next line begins at B.
  • the reading device not only assures reading of the information on the form but also permits the use of a conventional punch. This is due to the fact that a line on the form is read in parallel and after that the reading of the register and the punching of the information therein take place in series in three different decoding phases.
  • an anser key 3 or a device for marking the correct answers on the form or copy 2 of the form has been provided according to the present invention.
  • This device is shown in more detail in FIGS. 18-22. It comprises a plate of some suitable material 30 in which there are holes corresponding to the markings in the fields 12 and 13 on the form.
  • This plate 30 is placed on a suitable support 31 andv may be attached to this support 31 by means of a hinge so that it can be swung upwardly from the support 31.
  • Pins 32 are introduced from the underside of the plate 30 which faces the support 31. A pin 32 is introduced into the plate 30 for each correct answer alternative.
  • the point of the pins 32 is preferably cup-shaped so that a sharp edge 32A is formed on each pin.
  • guide-rails 33 (FIG. 19) which serve to guide a roller 34 which is movable over the unit 30- 32 and preferably rotatably mounted on a shaft 35.
  • roller 34 When the roller 34 is carried along the guide-rails 33 (FIG. 22) its coating will be depressed, as shown at 36 in FIG. 22, when it passes a pin 32.
  • Also provided on the plate 30 are guiding members 37 whereby the copy 2 of the form can be placed in correct position on the plate 30.
  • a carbon paper sheet 38 with its carbon side facing the copy 2 is inserted between the unit 30-32 and the copy 2.
  • each pin 32 will thus make a round ring on the copy 2. Consequently, if the copy 2 is in a correct position on the unit 30-32, each correct answer marking will be provided with a round ring whereby the student can read his test result.
  • the pins may be formed as punches and holes may be punched in the copy 2 by means of another member than the roller 34.
  • a device for processing multiple choice type diagnostic testing information comprising an original form and at least one duplicate form attached to said original form, each of said forms comprising a plurality of fields aligned with each other, said fields providing means for the adding and reading out of coded and uncoded information to said device, said plurality of fields comprising a first coded field having areas positioned relative to a system of coordinate axes coinciding with intersecting boundaries of said first coded field, the areas of said first coded field providing an arrangement for markings representing said diagnostic information by positioning said markings in predetermined area positions at distances along said coordinate areas, the widths of said markings and the spaces between said markings along any one axis being equal to each other, thereby preventing confusion resulting from the incorrect positioning of said device during processing, and a second coded field having areas abutting the boundaries of said first coded field, said second coded areas providing markings for controlling reading out of said information from said device, said markings in said second coded areas comprising clock-pulse generating markings divided into at

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrically Operated Instructional Devices (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Conveying Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
US00171557A 1970-08-17 1971-08-13 Systems for correcting of processing so-called diagnostic tests of multiple choice type Expired - Lifetime US3793472A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3900961A (en) * 1972-05-04 1975-08-26 Scan Tron Corp Test scoring apparatus
US4033050A (en) * 1975-04-01 1977-07-05 Charles Edward Kaprelian Teaching machine having response dependent programming
US4857715A (en) * 1988-04-01 1989-08-15 National Computer Systems, Inc. Overprint registration system for printing a customized survey form and scannable form therefor
US4937439A (en) * 1988-05-13 1990-06-26 National Computer Systems, Inc. Method and system for creating and scanning a customized survey form
US5004896A (en) * 1989-07-26 1991-04-02 Educational Testing Service Optical document scanning and mark sensing
WO1991008550A1 (en) * 1989-12-04 1991-06-13 National Computer Systems, Inc. Scannable form having a control mark column with encoded data marks
US5046005A (en) * 1989-05-15 1991-09-03 Versatile Suppliers, Inc. Test scoring machine
US5085587A (en) * 1990-08-07 1992-02-04 Scantron Corporation Scannable form and system
US5184003A (en) * 1989-12-04 1993-02-02 National Computer Systems, Inc. Scannable form having a control mark column with encoded data marks
US20020127521A1 (en) * 2001-02-16 2002-09-12 Fegan Paul John Computer-based system and method for providing multiple choice examination
US20050001032A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2005-01-06 Taek-Jin Kim Reading unit and marking card for optical mark reader
US6986664B1 (en) * 1997-03-03 2006-01-17 Robolaw Corporation Method and apparatus for improving performance on multiple-choice exams
US7593685B1 (en) * 2006-06-06 2009-09-22 Zip-Scan, Inc. Optical mark recognition tabulation device

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2614338A (en) * 1949-06-25 1952-10-21 California Test Bureau Self-scoring test device
US2977689A (en) * 1958-10-30 1961-04-04 Gerhard T Rugland Multiple choice response device
US3201569A (en) * 1961-06-12 1965-08-17 United Aircraft Corp Mark selection circuit
US3257545A (en) * 1958-07-24 1966-06-21 Nederlanden Staat Method of recording marks and method and device for scanning these marks
US3487561A (en) * 1967-03-07 1970-01-06 Automata Corp Test grading and marking method and apparatus
US3643348A (en) * 1969-08-18 1972-02-22 Automata Corp System and method for individually programmed automatic test grading and scoring

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2614338A (en) * 1949-06-25 1952-10-21 California Test Bureau Self-scoring test device
US3257545A (en) * 1958-07-24 1966-06-21 Nederlanden Staat Method of recording marks and method and device for scanning these marks
US2977689A (en) * 1958-10-30 1961-04-04 Gerhard T Rugland Multiple choice response device
US3201569A (en) * 1961-06-12 1965-08-17 United Aircraft Corp Mark selection circuit
US3487561A (en) * 1967-03-07 1970-01-06 Automata Corp Test grading and marking method and apparatus
US3643348A (en) * 1969-08-18 1972-02-22 Automata Corp System and method for individually programmed automatic test grading and scoring

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3900961A (en) * 1972-05-04 1975-08-26 Scan Tron Corp Test scoring apparatus
US4033050A (en) * 1975-04-01 1977-07-05 Charles Edward Kaprelian Teaching machine having response dependent programming
US4857715A (en) * 1988-04-01 1989-08-15 National Computer Systems, Inc. Overprint registration system for printing a customized survey form and scannable form therefor
US4937439A (en) * 1988-05-13 1990-06-26 National Computer Systems, Inc. Method and system for creating and scanning a customized survey form
US5046005A (en) * 1989-05-15 1991-09-03 Versatile Suppliers, Inc. Test scoring machine
US5004896A (en) * 1989-07-26 1991-04-02 Educational Testing Service Optical document scanning and mark sensing
WO1991008550A1 (en) * 1989-12-04 1991-06-13 National Computer Systems, Inc. Scannable form having a control mark column with encoded data marks
US5184003A (en) * 1989-12-04 1993-02-02 National Computer Systems, Inc. Scannable form having a control mark column with encoded data marks
AU643638B2 (en) * 1989-12-04 1993-11-18 National Computer Systems, Inc. Scannable form having a control mark column with encoded data marks
US5085587A (en) * 1990-08-07 1992-02-04 Scantron Corporation Scannable form and system
US6986664B1 (en) * 1997-03-03 2006-01-17 Robolaw Corporation Method and apparatus for improving performance on multiple-choice exams
US20020127521A1 (en) * 2001-02-16 2002-09-12 Fegan Paul John Computer-based system and method for providing multiple choice examination
US20050001032A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2005-01-06 Taek-Jin Kim Reading unit and marking card for optical mark reader
US7124945B2 (en) * 2001-07-26 2006-10-24 Easy Test Co., Ltd. Reading unit and marking card for optical mark reader
US7593685B1 (en) * 2006-06-06 2009-09-22 Zip-Scan, Inc. Optical mark recognition tabulation device

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NO132008B (no) 1975-05-26
GB1370127A (en) 1974-10-09
SE348577B (no) 1972-09-04
DE2140909A1 (de) 1972-03-02
NO132008C (no) 1975-09-03

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