US3786795A - Cylinder head - Google Patents
Cylinder head Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3786795A US3786795A US00306420A US3786795DA US3786795A US 3786795 A US3786795 A US 3786795A US 00306420 A US00306420 A US 00306420A US 3786795D A US3786795D A US 3786795DA US 3786795 A US3786795 A US 3786795A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder head
- refractory
- engine
- exhaust port
- casting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
- F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
- F02F1/38—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- F02B77/02—Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
- F02F2001/245—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0448—Steel
- F05C2201/046—Stainless steel or inox, e.g. 18-8
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved cylinder head for an internal combustion engine.
- Japanese Utility Model Publication No. SHO 46-25927 discloses an engine emission gas purifier and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. SHO 46-31290 shows a particular exhaust manifold.
- the former represents an engine emission gas purifier using a tubular sleeve made of a heat-resistant and relatively less heat-conductive material than the engine case.
- the purifier is equipped with a heat-insulation air chamber at the back of the sleeve.
- This device comprising a tubular sleeve within a purifier of prefabricated profile, cannot be applied to any complex part, and accordingly, high efficiency of purification is impossible.
- the sleeve must be fabricated of expensive material, such as stainless steel or nickel alloy with a considerable thickness. If it is made of ceramic material, it will be subject to breakage under mechanical vibration. Furthermore, regardless of the material from which. it is made, considerable engineering is required to assure sealing of the air chamber.
- the latter example represents an exhaust manifold provided with a ceramic lining. It is produced by preliminarily fabricating a manifold shell, providing the shell with a lining of compounded ceramic powder, and firing the entire assembly to consolidate the shell and lining. In the process of firing, however, the ceramic material contracts and often causes cracks to develop thereby resulting in an inferior product.
- This device is equally unfit for any complex part because it represents a prefabricated structure lined with heat-insulating material.
- the present invention comprises an improved cylinder head wherein the inner wall of the exhaust port is constructed in a double structure.
- the double structure may be a prefabricated refractory part placed in a casting mold and then enveloped in molten metal.
- FIGURE shows a longitudinal section of the exhaust port of a cylinder head fabricated according to the present invention.
- reference character 1 identifies a combustion chamber surrounded by a water-cooled jacket 2.
- An exhaust valve 3 is provided, and this valve cooperates with a valve seat 4.
- a guide 5 is provided for the stem of the exhaust valve 3.
- An exhaust port 6 comprises an aluminum casting 7 and a refractory part 8.
- Auto emission gases include harmful components such as unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. These harmful emissions are one source of air pollution.
- the present invention is directed to reducing these harmful auto emission gases, and it accomplishes its objective through partial modification of the structure of the emission exhaust system of the engine.
- the exhaust port of the cylinder head is lined with a refractory material thereby making the exhaust port a double structure.
- This construction contributes to reduction of the discharge of harmful auto emission gases, as explained more fully below.
- the inner wall of the exhaust port is coated with a refractory material having a very low heat conductivity so that the emission gases remain hot, and as the result, the unburnt substances are oxidized;
- the refractory part since the refractory part has a large thermal capacity, the temperature drop in the inner wall of the exhaust port is minimized even if the emission gases are cooled by a change in operating conditions, and in consequence, the oxidization reaction is maintained;
- the refractory lining contains pores, and when the hot emission gases pass through these pores, a hot spot occurs at the pores and the oxidization reaction takes place.
- the refractory materials available for the present invention include molten silica, high alumina, and
- the drawing shows a section of the exhaust system in a cylinder head equipped with a refractory part according to the present invention.
- a refractory part 8 about 45 mm thick is provided on the inside of the exhaust port 6.
- This refractory part is composed of SiO and A1 0,, at a 1:1 ratio. Its porosity is about 20 percent, its compressive strength 600 kglcm its specific heat 0.25 cal/g, and its heat conductivity is A cylinder head with such a refractory wall can be produced by placing a prefabricated refractory part in a cylinder casting mold, and then enveloping the refractory part in a molten metal for casting.
- the emission gases burned in the combustion chamber 1 are discharged through an opening between the exhaust valve 3 and the valve seat 4.
- the emission gases introduced into the exhaust port are partly oxidized and burned while passing through the port whereby the volume of harmful unburnt emission gases is drastically reduced.
- EXAMPLE 2 Utilizing the same procedure as in Example 1, a cylinder head was constructed for a 1,900 cc four-cycle gasoline engine. The exhaust port in the cylinder head was lined with a refractory wall 50 mm thick. The wall was fabricated of a high alumina substance with Al O over 98 percent characterized by a porosity of 1.8 percent, compressive strength 550 kg/cm specific heat 0.24 cal/g, and heat conductivity 0.60 Kcal/m.hr. C. The cylinder head was made of gray cast iron. Comparison with the conventional cylinder head under the same conditions as in Example 1 showed that the emission gases are reduced to about 40 percent.
- test condition was that the test should be conducted during 50 hours setting 6,000 r.p.m. full loaded l minutes after minutes idling as one cycle.
- the device with the stainless pipe fitted to the inner wall of the exhaust duct has the disadvantage of low efpipe fitted to inner wall pipe was damaged.
- one advantage of the present invention is that the porous portion of the refractory product produces a hot spot so that the oxidization reaction may occur.
- the device with ceramic material lined on the inner wall of the exhaust duct has the disadvantage of poor durability and remarkable lowering of exhaust gas purification after long use.
- the improved cylinder head of the present invention is characterized by improving the durability by enveloping the refractory product itself with the engine casting without lowering the purification performance.
- the structure according to the present invention is equally advantageous with any internal combustion engine, for example, a rotary engine.
- any internal combustion engine for example, a rotary engine.
- the improvement comprising a cylinder head wherein the inner wall of the exhaust port of the head includes a prefabricated refractory insert in intimate engagement with the metal cylinder casting and around which the metal cylinder is cast whereby the refractory insert is under the compression of the surrounding metal.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP46096428A JPS4861817A (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png) | 1971-11-30 | 1971-11-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3786795A true US3786795A (en) | 1974-01-22 |
Family
ID=14164706
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00306420A Expired - Lifetime US3786795A (en) | 1971-11-30 | 1972-11-14 | Cylinder head |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3786795A (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png) |
JP (1) | JPS4861817A (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png) |
CA (1) | CA964148A (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3919755A (en) * | 1973-03-06 | 1975-11-18 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Method of making a high-strength heat-insulating casting |
US3949552A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1976-04-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat insulating castings |
US3987143A (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1976-10-19 | Chrysler Corporation | Method of decreasing heat loss from exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine |
DE2655154A1 (de) * | 1976-12-06 | 1978-06-08 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Zylinderkopf fuer luftgekuehlte, luftverdichtende hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschinen |
US4120154A (en) * | 1975-04-22 | 1978-10-17 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Internal combustion engine |
FR2408557A1 (fr) * | 1977-11-10 | 1979-06-08 | Rosenthal Technik Ag | Article refractaire et corps composite metal-ceramique en titanate d'aluminium silicate |
US4254621A (en) * | 1978-03-27 | 1981-03-10 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Heat-insulating layer to prevent temperature drop of combustion gas in internal combustion engine |
DE3337364A1 (de) * | 1982-10-22 | 1984-04-26 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo K.K., Shizuoka | Verbundbauteil aus metall und keramik und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
US4873952A (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1989-10-17 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Engine cylinder head with precombustion chambers using porous ceramics insert |
US4899707A (en) * | 1987-02-23 | 1990-02-13 | Ngk Spark Plug Company, Limited | Engine cylinder head with precombustion chambers using ceramics insert |
US5137789A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1992-08-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Composite ceramic and metal article |
US5239956A (en) * | 1991-06-07 | 1993-08-31 | Detroit Diesel Corporation | Internal combustion engine cylinder heads and similar articles of manufacture and methods of manufacturing same |
US8672018B2 (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-03-18 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Cylinder head and method |
US20160348609A1 (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2016-12-01 | Nemak, S.A.B. De C.V. | Cast Part and Insert for Such a Cast Part |
US20170058823A1 (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Cylinder head with blended inlet valve seat for high tumble inlet port |
US11486293B2 (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-11-01 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Exhaust structure of internal combustion engine |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS561946Y2 (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png) * | 1976-03-31 | 1981-01-17 | ||
JPS52147812U (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png) * | 1976-05-07 | 1977-11-09 | ||
DE102010030499A1 (de) * | 2010-06-24 | 2011-12-29 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Zylinderkopf und damit ausgerüstete Brennkraftmaschine |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1559439A (en) * | 1925-01-16 | 1925-10-27 | Edward W Kapraun | Internal-combustion engine |
US1755578A (en) * | 1926-02-15 | 1930-04-22 | Doherty Res Co | Reciprocating engine |
US1812870A (en) * | 1928-04-14 | 1931-07-07 | Doherty Res Co | Valve to control high temperature high pressure fluids |
US2075388A (en) * | 1934-01-25 | 1937-03-30 | Cloud Joseph Poissant De | Heat insulating metal body |
US2154717A (en) * | 1936-06-22 | 1939-04-18 | Campbell Wyant & Cannon Co | Cylinder head |
GB665330A (en) * | 1949-08-16 | 1952-01-23 | Alliance Europ | Improvements in or relating to the combustion chambers and pistons of internal combustion engines |
US3408995A (en) * | 1967-05-22 | 1968-11-05 | Thomas A. Johnson | Combustion chamber design and material for internal combustion cylinders and engines |
-
1971
- 1971-11-30 JP JP46096428A patent/JPS4861817A/ja active Pending
-
1972
- 1972-11-14 US US00306420A patent/US3786795A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-11-21 CA CA157,124A patent/CA964148A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1559439A (en) * | 1925-01-16 | 1925-10-27 | Edward W Kapraun | Internal-combustion engine |
US1755578A (en) * | 1926-02-15 | 1930-04-22 | Doherty Res Co | Reciprocating engine |
US1812870A (en) * | 1928-04-14 | 1931-07-07 | Doherty Res Co | Valve to control high temperature high pressure fluids |
US2075388A (en) * | 1934-01-25 | 1937-03-30 | Cloud Joseph Poissant De | Heat insulating metal body |
US2154717A (en) * | 1936-06-22 | 1939-04-18 | Campbell Wyant & Cannon Co | Cylinder head |
GB665330A (en) * | 1949-08-16 | 1952-01-23 | Alliance Europ | Improvements in or relating to the combustion chambers and pistons of internal combustion engines |
US3408995A (en) * | 1967-05-22 | 1968-11-05 | Thomas A. Johnson | Combustion chamber design and material for internal combustion cylinders and engines |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3919755A (en) * | 1973-03-06 | 1975-11-18 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Method of making a high-strength heat-insulating casting |
US3949552A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1976-04-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat insulating castings |
US4120154A (en) * | 1975-04-22 | 1978-10-17 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Internal combustion engine |
US3987143A (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1976-10-19 | Chrysler Corporation | Method of decreasing heat loss from exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine |
DE2655154A1 (de) * | 1976-12-06 | 1978-06-08 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Zylinderkopf fuer luftgekuehlte, luftverdichtende hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschinen |
FR2408557A1 (fr) * | 1977-11-10 | 1979-06-08 | Rosenthal Technik Ag | Article refractaire et corps composite metal-ceramique en titanate d'aluminium silicate |
US4254621A (en) * | 1978-03-27 | 1981-03-10 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Heat-insulating layer to prevent temperature drop of combustion gas in internal combustion engine |
US4523554A (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1985-06-18 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Metal and ceramic assembly |
DE3337364A1 (de) * | 1982-10-22 | 1984-04-26 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo K.K., Shizuoka | Verbundbauteil aus metall und keramik und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
US4899707A (en) * | 1987-02-23 | 1990-02-13 | Ngk Spark Plug Company, Limited | Engine cylinder head with precombustion chambers using ceramics insert |
US4873952A (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1989-10-17 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Engine cylinder head with precombustion chambers using porous ceramics insert |
US5137789A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1992-08-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Composite ceramic and metal article |
US5239956A (en) * | 1991-06-07 | 1993-08-31 | Detroit Diesel Corporation | Internal combustion engine cylinder heads and similar articles of manufacture and methods of manufacturing same |
US5354608A (en) * | 1991-06-07 | 1994-10-11 | Detroit Diesel Corporation | Internal combustion engine cylinder heads and similar articles of manufacture and methods of manufacturing same |
US5705266A (en) * | 1991-06-07 | 1998-01-06 | Detroit Diesel Corporation | Core material for the casting of articles and related process |
US8672018B2 (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-03-18 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Cylinder head and method |
US20160348609A1 (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2016-12-01 | Nemak, S.A.B. De C.V. | Cast Part and Insert for Such a Cast Part |
US20170058823A1 (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Cylinder head with blended inlet valve seat for high tumble inlet port |
US11486293B2 (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-11-01 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Exhaust structure of internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA964148A (en) | 1975-03-11 |
JPS4861817A (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png) | 1973-08-29 |
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