US3780704A - Boiler - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3780704A
US3780704A US00323862A US3780704DA US3780704A US 3780704 A US3780704 A US 3780704A US 00323862 A US00323862 A US 00323862A US 3780704D A US3780704D A US 3780704DA US 3780704 A US3780704 A US 3780704A
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Prior art keywords
water
cylinder
combustion
cylinders
smaller
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00323862A
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English (en)
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H Ozaltay
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B7/00—Steam boilers of furnace-tube type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed inside one or more furnace tubes built-in in the boiler body
    • F22B7/12—Steam boilers of furnace-tube type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed inside one or more furnace tubes built-in in the boiler body with auxiliary fire tubes; Arrangement of header boxes providing for return diversion of flue gas flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/44—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups F24H1/24 - F24H1/40 , e.g. boilers having a combination of features covered by F24H1/24 - F24H1/40

Definitions

  • a smaller cylinder located inside the inner of the two concentric cylinders in the upper half thereof, contains a plurality of tubes each having turbulator means.
  • Two more water-filled cylinders still smaller in diameter, are connected to the water jacket and are arranged on both sides of the smaller cylinder in the upper half of the inner cylinder, in contact therewith and spaced from said inner cylinder by narrow passages.
  • the combustion chamber is in the inner main cylinder, below said smaller cylinder and water-filled cylinders and bounded partly thereby.
  • a convection chamber in the inner main cylinder is connected to said combustion chamber by the narrow passages.
  • the tubes have an entrance end spaced back from the front closure of the main cylinders, so that the combustion gases from the combustion chamber first pass into the convection chamber and flow toward the front closure and then enter and flow through the tubes, heating the water in the water jacket and in the water-filled cylinders.
  • the flue gases produced by the combustion return without any considerable pressure loss and at the same time decrease their temperature by transferring their enthalphy through convection, and the smaller cylinder and water-filled cylinders protect the flue gases produced by the combustion from the radiation effect of 5 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures BOILER BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention relates to oil and gas-operating boilers for central heating and steam generating.
  • Over-pressure or super-pressure combustion in boilers has the advantages that the boilers may be made smaller with less material without their efficiency being decreased or their life shortened, and combustion is independent of the draught so that chimneys with smaller sections can be built.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to make good use of the advantages of over-pressure combustion and at the same time reduce its disadvantages.
  • the main advantage of over-pressure combustion is its ability to reduce the dimensions and the cost of boilers. Due to the over-pressure combustion it is possible to reduce considerably the convective surfaces of the boilers, because by over-pressure the flue gas velocities are increased and so are the heat transfer ratios. Although it is possible also to reduce the radiation surfaces by over-pressure combustion, this reduction is not of great use because it is comparatively small, it increases the heat transfer ratio, and it disturbs the formation of a full flame. Therefore, the reduction of size of the boiler is basically the reduction of convective surfaces and, as mentioned above, this can be done because of the velocity of flue gases over these surfaces. To this end, there is a need for a pressure potential over these surfaces. If used in the combustion chamber, the pressure is not as functional, and it increases further the total inner resistance of the boiler.
  • the heat is mainly transferred through radiation.
  • the gases leaving the chamber are under the radiation effect of the flame and therefore cannot be under a certain high temperature. If the convective area is directly connected with the combustion chamber, as is the case in most up-to-date boiler constructions, the gases enter this pass at a high temperature. In order to reduce this high entrance temperature down to an acceptable flue gas exit temperature in the last pass, the pressure potential needed is excessive. For this reason, the gases have to be freed of the radiation effect of the flame before entering the last flue gas pass.
  • a boiler of this invention comprises two concentric cylinders 1 and 2, a smaller cylinder 3 containing a plurality of tubes 4 (e.g., seven tubes 4), and two more cylinders 5 and 5 arranged on opposite sides of the cylinder 3. All of the cylinders 3, 4, and 5 lie within the cylinder 2, and the space between the cylinders 1 and 2 is filled with water and forms a water jacket. The cylinders 5 and 5 are filled with water, as is the cylinder 3 outside the cylinder 7. The whole may be enclosed in a housing 17 having heat-insulating walls' In the lower portions of the cylinder 2, below the cylinders 3, 5, and 5' is a combustion chamber C, the burning fuel entering from a burner 16.
  • Turbulators 11 which may be steel bars coiled into helices, are disposed in the tubes 4 and the main part of the inner resistance of the boiler is in the tubes 4. In other words, the main part of the pressure is necessary in the pass through the tubes 4.
  • the flue gases leave the radiation area of the combustion chamber C through the narrow spaces 6 and 6' freed from the radiation effect of the flame and, subject to convective heat transfer in the convection areas 7 and 7 enter the tubes 4 at lower temperatures. At this end it is possible to push out the flue gases at a small pressure loss and to obtain the lowest permissible flue gas exit temperatures out of the said seven turbulating tubes 4 in the last pass around 200 C. Since the entrance temperature into the tubes 4 is withinvacceptable limits the t-urbulator 11 need not be made of special heat-resistant material.
  • the water being heated or boiled enters at an inlet 8,
  • the invention enables the manufacture of small boilers which make full use of the main advantage of overpressure combustion with an over-pressure that may be provided by normal burners without special measures, thus avoiding to a large degree the disadvantages of a full over-pressure combustion.
  • the combustion chamber surface 12 is shown by the dotted area in FIG. 2.
  • the areas 13 and 14, which are directly in the path of the flame, are of refractory brick.
  • An explosion flap 15 may be provided for safety.
  • a burner 16 provides the flame.
  • the whole may be housed in refractory walls 17.
  • the combustion chamber C is bordered by the stack cylinder 3 and the cylinders 5 and 5'.
  • the dotted surfaces of these cylinders 3, 5, and 5' are almost equal in area to the undotted part of the inner cylinder 2, so that the surface of the combustion chamber C is almost as large as the inner surface of the cylinder 2. Therefore, compared with the outer dimensions of the boiler, the combustion chamber C is extremely large. This enables the manufacture of small boilers as well, due to the large size of the combustion chamber C, as smaller heat transfer ratios (kcallhlm and also smaller heat transfer ratio difference in different parts of the boiler, which is decisive for the longer life of this construction.
  • the flue gases arrive at and enter the seven tubes 4 last after passing through'the-spaces 7 and 7 of the second pass, transferring convective heat while free from the radiation effect of the flame, at a moderate temperature without pressure loss.
  • the flue gas temperature is further reduced down to a permissible limit in the turbulators 11 mounted in the seven tubes 4 through convective heat transfer using fully the necessary moderate pressure potential.
  • a warm heater boiler comprising two main concentric cylinders defining a water jacket between them and front and rear closure means,
  • said tubes having an entrance end spaced back from .the front closure of said main cylinders, so that the combustion gases from said combustion chamber first pass into said convection chamber and flow toward said front closure means and then enter and flow through said tubes, heating the water in said water jacket and in said water-filled cylinders,
  • a boiler as claimed in claim 1 comprising seven tubes, each containing turbulator means.
  • a boiler as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the turbulator means are made of steel bars formed into helical coils.
  • the boiler of claim 1 having a water inlet into said smaller cylinder and a water outlet from said water jacket.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
US00323862A 1972-01-19 1973-01-15 Boiler Expired - Lifetime US3780704A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR322272 1972-01-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3780704A true US3780704A (en) 1973-12-25

Family

ID=21619246

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00323862A Expired - Lifetime US3780704A (en) 1972-01-19 1973-01-15 Boiler

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3780704A (de)
JP (1) JPS4882441A (de)
AT (1) AT324623B (de)
BE (1) BE792716A (de)
CA (1) CA968654A (de)
DE (1) DE2245967A1 (de)
DK (1) DK131914C (de)
FR (1) FR2174470A5 (de)
IT (1) IT973647B (de)
LU (1) LU66854A1 (de)
NL (1) NL7216171A (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2559243B1 (fr) * 1984-02-07 1986-12-19 Perge Ets Chaudiere de chauffage d'un fluide caloporteur
CN113513742A (zh) * 2021-04-17 2021-10-19 蔚来热能科技(台州)有限公司 一种节能减排蒸汽发生器及其使用方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US762893A (en) * 1903-05-05 1904-06-21 Guillermo Farrel Steam-generator.
US889388A (en) * 1906-08-10 1908-06-02 William Moran Return-flue boiler.
US2062033A (en) * 1936-01-31 1936-11-24 John Bos Boiler
US2080404A (en) * 1935-05-02 1937-05-18 Nat Radiator Corp Boiler
US2207162A (en) * 1938-01-04 1940-07-09 James A Ross Boiler
US2892451A (en) * 1954-12-02 1959-06-30 Brown Fintube Co Boiler

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US762893A (en) * 1903-05-05 1904-06-21 Guillermo Farrel Steam-generator.
US889388A (en) * 1906-08-10 1908-06-02 William Moran Return-flue boiler.
US2080404A (en) * 1935-05-02 1937-05-18 Nat Radiator Corp Boiler
US2062033A (en) * 1936-01-31 1936-11-24 John Bos Boiler
US2207162A (en) * 1938-01-04 1940-07-09 James A Ross Boiler
US2892451A (en) * 1954-12-02 1959-06-30 Brown Fintube Co Boiler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE792716A (fr) 1973-03-30
FR2174470A5 (de) 1973-10-12
NL7216171A (de) 1973-07-23
CA968654A (en) 1975-06-03
DK131914B (da) 1975-09-22
LU66854A1 (de) 1973-03-19
IT973647B (it) 1974-06-10
DK131914C (da) 1976-02-23
DE2245967A1 (de) 1973-08-02
JPS4882441A (de) 1973-11-05
AT324623B (de) 1975-09-10

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