US3778698A - Integrated voltage stabilizer with negative internal resistance - Google Patents

Integrated voltage stabilizer with negative internal resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
US3778698A
US3778698A US00283423A US3778698DA US3778698A US 3778698 A US3778698 A US 3778698A US 00283423 A US00283423 A US 00283423A US 3778698D A US3778698D A US 3778698DA US 3778698 A US3778698 A US 3778698A
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current
terminal
output
voltage
transistor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00283423A
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English (en)
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A Romano
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STMicroelectronics SRL
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ATES Componenti Elettronici SpA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
    • G05F1/462—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC as a function of the requirements of the load, e.g. delay, temperature, specific voltage/current characteristic

Definitions

  • My present invention relates to a voltage stabilizer, particularly one of the integrated type, in which an internal negative resistance compensates for changes in the output voltage due to variations in load current.
  • Such voltage stabilizers are useful for the energization of low-power d-c motors employed, for example, to drive record players, tape or cassette recorders and similar devices in which the load changes but little during normal use and which can be operated by lowvoltage batteries of, say, 6 V or less.
  • the general object of my present invention is to provide a system of this character which is of simple construction and lends itself to inexpensive mass production.
  • a more particular object is to provide an integratedcircuit module of this description having but three live terminals (referred to hereinafter as input terminal, output terminal and reference terminal) to be connected between the current source and the load, thereby minimizing the number of external impedance elements required.
  • a voltage stabilizer comprises, essentially, a constant-voltage generator connected between the output and reference terminals, the latter terminal being tied to a tap on a voltage divider inserted between the output terminal and ground.
  • the reference terminal also receives a current component, proportional to the current emitted by the output terminal, from a current-sensing circuit which is connected between the input terminal on the one hand and the output and reference terminals on the other hand. As will be shownherein'after, this arrangement establishes a negative resistance of a magnitude proportional to the load current.
  • the constant-voltage generator supplies to the reference terminal a substantially constant reference current which supplements the proportional current component delivered by the sensing circuit.
  • the latter advantageously includes two main transistors connected in parallel branches between the input and output terminals for respectively controlling the magnitude of a first and a second component of the load current, the two transistors being so interconnected that these current components are identical or otherwise maintain a predetermined ratio.
  • a further transistor, in series with one of the two main transistors, is paired with an image transistor with draws a matching current and supplies it to the reference terminal as the current component proportional to the output current.
  • the constantvoltage generator is common to the base/emitter circuits of the two main transistors.
  • All the components referred to, with the possible exception of the voltage divider, may be incorporated in an integrated circuit whose substrate (e.g. a silicon wafer) may be grounded.
  • substrate e.g. a silicon wafer
  • FIG. I is a circuit diagram showing a voltage stabilizer embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a more detailed diagram of a component of the stabilizer shown in block form in FIG. 1.
  • the voltage stabilizer depicted in FIG. 1 comprises an integrated-circuit network CI with grounded substrate including a control circuit A and a currentsensing circuit B.
  • a supply voltage V, from a nonillustrated source of direct current is applied between ground and an input terminal 1; a load, shown as a d-c motor M, is energized by a current I at a voltage V on being connected between ground and an output terminal 2.
  • a reference terminal 3 is tied to a tap of a voltage divider inserted between output terminal 2 and ground, this voltage divider consisting of a resistor R, in series with a preferably adjustable resistor R
  • Terminals 1 and 2 are interconnected by two circuit branches 4, 5 including respective main NPN transistors T and T, along with associated emitter resistors R and R Transistor T though shown included in the control circuit A, may also be considered part of sensing circuit B along with its physically identical mate T,.
  • the sensing circuit includes a further transistor T with emitter resistor R in series with transistor T and an image transistor T lying with its emitter resistor R in the current path 6 between terminals 1 and 3; transistors T and T are of PNP type.
  • the two identical transistors T and T have their bases connected to the collector of transistor T so as to be traversed by identical currents I and 1 whose magnitude bears a predeter-v mined relationship with that of the output current I issuing from terminal 2.
  • This output current splits into the actual load current I and a branch current I traversing voltage divider R R
  • a constant-voltage generator CV has two output leads 7, 8 respectively connected to terminals 2 and 3.
  • equation (3) From equations (1) and (2) we obtain the following value for the load voltage V Under the assumed conditions, the first two terms of equation (3) are independent of input voltage V and load current 1 the amplitude of this constant voltage component being adjustable with the aid of resistor R,,.
  • KR I of equation (3) is a voltage component proportional to load and is the equivalent of the voltage drop generated by current I across a negative resistance of amplitude KR
  • the value of KR should be less than or at most equal to the effective load resistance R in order to avoid instability. Since the constant K is independent of the setting of resistor R,,, adjustment of the latter varies the load voltage V without affecting the negative resistance.
  • constant-voltage generator CV comprises a number of transistors T T and associated resistors R R
  • Transistors T and T T and T as well as T and T represent successive 2- transistor amplifier stages generating a modified replica of voltage V which is to be held constant, this voltage being fed bck from lead 7 to the base of transistor T in series with transistor T and to the base of the latter transistor by way of resistor R
  • the two transistors of each amplifier stage are connected in cascade, with the emitter of one transistor tied directly to the base of the other transistor.
  • Transistors T T whose base/emitter resistances are of large value compared with resistor R form part of a temperature-compensating chain which neutralizes the effect of temperature variations upon the base/emitter resistances of the circuit as far as their effect upon the input voltage of amplifier stage T T is concerned.
  • the output voltage of transistor T is developed across resistor R, which is also connected to lead 7 so as to carry the voltage V Transistor T connected as a diode, is inserted between'ground and the emitter of transistor T in series with resistor R whose magnitude may therefore be reduced.
  • the collector of final transistor T is connected to the base of transistor T and through resistor R to the emitter thereof which in turn is tied to a conductor 9 interconnecting the bases of transistors T and T (the latter not having been illustrated in FIG. 2); resistor R lies between conductors 4 and 9 so that the series combination of this resistor and transistor T shunts the transistor T and its emitter resistor R Any change in the voltage V is communicated by way of the feedback loop including transistors T T to the base of transistor T which is of PNP type, in contradistinction to all the other transistors shown in FIG.
  • a voltage stabilizer comprising:
  • current-sensing means connected between said input terminal on the one hand and said output and reference terminals on the other hand for supplying to said reference terminal a current component proportional to an output current issuing from said output terminal.
  • said current-sensing means includes a first and a second transistor connected in two parallel branches between said input and output terminals for respectively delivering a first and a second component of the output current bearing a predetermined relationship, and a matching circuit in the second of said branches for supplying said proportional current component as the image of said second component.
  • each of said first and second transistors has a base/emitter circuit connected across said generator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
US00283423A 1971-08-25 1972-08-24 Integrated voltage stabilizer with negative internal resistance Expired - Lifetime US3778698A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT27839/71A IT938775B (it) 1971-08-25 1971-08-25 Stabilizzatore di tensione inte grato a resistenza interna nega tiva

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3778698A true US3778698A (en) 1973-12-11

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ID=11222442

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US00283423A Expired - Lifetime US3778698A (en) 1971-08-25 1972-08-24 Integrated voltage stabilizer with negative internal resistance

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3778698A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4831443A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH558049A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2241621C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES398766A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2150273B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1380761A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IL (1) IL38202A0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT938775B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE390847B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2748575A1 (de) * 1976-10-28 1978-05-18 Sony Corp Stromsteuerschaltung
EP0087583A1 (en) * 1982-03-01 1983-09-07 International Business Machines Corporation Integrated power circuit with current sensing means
US5489874A (en) * 1992-12-28 1996-02-06 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Inverting amplifier having negative-resistance circuit
RU2439649C1 (ru) * 2010-10-25 2012-01-10 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Российский государственный университет экономики и сервиса" (ГОУ ВПО "ЮРГУЭС") Непрерывный стабилизатор отрицательного напряжения

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2502419A1 (fr) * 1981-03-20 1982-09-24 Radiotechnique Compelec Regulateur electronique de vitesse pour moteur a courant continu
DE10119858A1 (de) * 2001-04-24 2002-11-21 Infineon Technologies Ag Spannungsregler
CN107688364A (zh) * 2017-08-28 2018-02-13 广东明丰电源电器实业有限公司 一种实现恒流的简洁电路

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3445751A (en) * 1966-11-25 1969-05-20 Rca Corp Current limiting voltage regulator
US3509448A (en) * 1968-06-03 1970-04-28 Hewlett Packard Co Power supply voltage regulator having power sharing regulating transistors and current limiting means
US3617859A (en) * 1970-03-23 1971-11-02 Nat Semiconductor Corp Electrical regulator apparatus including a zero temperature coefficient voltage reference circuit

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1227670A (fr) * 1958-06-17 1960-08-22 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Perfectionnements apportés aux alimentations électriques pour la régulation des moteurs shunt
CH484521A (de) * 1968-07-06 1970-01-15 Foerderung Forschung Gmbh Elektronische Schaltungsanordnung mit mindestens einem integrierten Schaltkreis

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3445751A (en) * 1966-11-25 1969-05-20 Rca Corp Current limiting voltage regulator
US3509448A (en) * 1968-06-03 1970-04-28 Hewlett Packard Co Power supply voltage regulator having power sharing regulating transistors and current limiting means
US3617859A (en) * 1970-03-23 1971-11-02 Nat Semiconductor Corp Electrical regulator apparatus including a zero temperature coefficient voltage reference circuit

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2748575A1 (de) * 1976-10-28 1978-05-18 Sony Corp Stromsteuerschaltung
EP0087583A1 (en) * 1982-03-01 1983-09-07 International Business Machines Corporation Integrated power circuit with current sensing means
US4453194A (en) * 1982-03-01 1984-06-05 International Business Machines Corporation Integrated power circuit with current sensing means
US5489874A (en) * 1992-12-28 1996-02-06 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Inverting amplifier having negative-resistance circuit
US5498991A (en) * 1992-12-28 1996-03-12 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Level shifter circuit
US5504442A (en) * 1992-12-28 1996-04-02 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Sense circuit
US5510746A (en) * 1992-12-28 1996-04-23 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Load circuit tolerating large current and voltage swings
US5514986A (en) * 1992-12-28 1996-05-07 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Sense circuit, memory circuit, negative-resistance circuit, schmitt trigger, load circuit, level shifter, and amplifier
US5519348A (en) * 1992-12-28 1996-05-21 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Sense circuit, memory circuit, negative-resistance circuit, schmitt trigger, load circuit, level shifter, and amplifier
RU2439649C1 (ru) * 2010-10-25 2012-01-10 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Российский государственный университет экономики и сервиса" (ГОУ ВПО "ЮРГУЭС") Непрерывный стабилизатор отрицательного напряжения

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2150273B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-13
ES398766A1 (es) 1974-08-16
DE2241621A1 (de) 1973-03-01
GB1380761A (en) 1975-01-15
DE2241621B2 (de) 1977-01-27
SE390847B (sv) 1977-01-24
CH558049A (it) 1975-01-15
DE2241621C3 (de) 1983-11-03
IT938775B (it) 1973-02-10
JPS4831443A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-04-25
IL38202A0 (en) 1972-01-27
FR2150273A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-04-06

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