US3777446A - Method and apparatus for wrapping a load with heat-shrinkable film - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for wrapping a load with heat-shrinkable film Download PDF

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Publication number
US3777446A
US3777446A US00223997A US3777446DA US3777446A US 3777446 A US3777446 A US 3777446A US 00223997 A US00223997 A US 00223997A US 3777446D A US3777446D A US 3777446DA US 3777446 A US3777446 A US 3777446A
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United States
Prior art keywords
air
load
film
tunnel
envelope
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00223997A
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English (en)
Inventor
O Graver
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FERNHOLT AND GIERSTEN AS
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FERNHOLT AND GIERSTEN AS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B53/00—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging
    • B65B53/02—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat
    • B65B53/06—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat supplied by gases, e.g. hot-air jets
    • B65B53/063—Tunnels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/04—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/04—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam
    • B29C35/045—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam using gas or flames

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Method and apparatus for wrapping a load with heatshrinkable film comprising the steps of initially providing the load with an open-bottomed envelope of heatshrinkable film, positioning the load in a shrink tunnel, withdrawing air from the lower open end of the envelope in order to create a sub-pressure therein and simultaneously withdrawal of air from the tunnel space passing the lower side edges of the load, heat the air withdrawn from the tunnel space and the inside of the envelope, re-circulate the air into the tunnel space towards the top side of the load where the air currents will turn around and move downwards along the outside of the film envelope to the lower side edges of the load from where the air a-new is withdrawn from the tunnel space and fulfills a closed circulation loop.
  • the present invention relates to a new method and apparatus for wrapping loads, especially pallet loads, with heat-shrinkable plastic film, in the technique today usually called shrink film packing.
  • This technique is based on using thermoplastic film material which during the making has been incorporated'with tensions which are releasable upon heating of the film simultaneously as the film shrinks.
  • the load may constitute a separate piece of good or a number of pieces of good which shall be wrapped as a unit load, for instance a number of boxes placed on a pallet.
  • a pallet may constitute part of the load when wrapped with film or may be used only for positioning and stacking purposes.
  • Shrink tunnels are made both as stationary and as moveable units.
  • the tunnel is made as a box-shaped heat-insulated housing provided with one or two doors closeable with a curtain or the like in order to trap the heat therein.
  • the tunnel comprises a stationary unit, the load is charged into the tunnel on a trolley, on a belt conveyor or the like, for instance such that the load is feeded in on one side and is discharged on the opposite side of the tunnel.
  • the heating means constitutes currents of hot air
  • the hot air aggregate is usually mounted on the outside of the tunnel, and it comprises usually electrical heating elements and a fan mounted in an air duct system
  • the tunnel is provided with a number of ducts having ports directed into the tunnel space such that hot air currents can be blown directly against all sides of the load with the cover of plastic film in order to heat and shrink same.
  • a well known special difficulty in connection with the heating of the film, particularly when currents of hot air are used as heating means is that the film attains a propensity to flap and billow, particularly at the moment when the supply of hot air currents is initiated.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for wrapping a load with a heat-shrinkable film.
  • a particular object of the invention is to provide a method which renders itself especially well for wrapping a load on a pallet with a heat-shrinkable film.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method which eliminates the problems in connection with the flapping and billowing of the film and thereby opens possibilities to utilize the available interior space of the tunnel in a more effective manner without causing a risk for that the film shall stick to the inside wall of the tunnel.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a method which makes it possible to design and construct shrink tunnels at a lower price and which still are more efficient than known apparatus of this kind.
  • the method in accordance with the invention comprises the steps of initially providing the load with an open-bottomed envelope of heat-shrinkable film, positioning the load in a shrink tunnel, withdrawing air from the lower open end of the envelope in order to create a sub-pressure therein and simultaneously withdrawing air from the tunnel space passing the lower side edges of the load, heating the air withdrawn from the tunnel space and the inside envelope, recirculating same into the tunnel space in the form of upwardly directed air currents along the inside walls of the tunnel towards the top side of the load where the air currents will turn around and move downwards along the outside of the film envelope to the lower side edges of the load from where the air a-new is withdrawn from the tunnel space and fulfills a closed circulation loop.
  • the method is in the preferred mode of practice carried out such that the withdrawal of air in the film envelope will take place somewhat prior to that the heating and shrinking of the film takes place thus insuring that flapping and billowing of the film is avoided.
  • An improved embodiment of an apparatus to practice the invention comprises:a shrink tunnel, a support for a load therein, said support leaving lateral air openings there-between, an air conduit system beneath said support, said air conduit system including an upwardly open central shaft, initially laterally directed air conveying means leading from said shaft and ending in spaced port openings in the shrink tunnel, a fan means and an air-heating means positioned in said air conduct system able to simultaneously withdraw the air from the film envelope and from the shrink tunnel space through said lateral openings between the support and the lower side edges of the load, operative to move the air as upward air currents out through said port openings into the shrink tunnel space and down again into the shafts etc., establishing a closed air circulation system.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view through a shrink wrapping apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view along the plane II-II shown in FIG. 1.
  • the reference number 2 designates the shrink tunnel housing, the hot air and fan assembly are generally designated with the number 4, the load with the number 6 and the floor in the tunnel space is designated with the number 8.
  • the shrink tunnel housing 2 can be of in per se known type.
  • the hot air current assembly 4 is designated as a stationary unit which is mounted in a recess in the floor 8 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the shrink tunnel housing 2 may be moveable and comprises walls and a closed ceiling 7. As shown in FIG. 2 two opposed walls in the tunnel are provided with doors or ports 9 which may be closed I by means of curtains 14 or the like.
  • the hot air current assembly comprises a separate unit with a supporting structure 10 and the air duct system comprises a centrally located duct or shaft 12 which as shown is open upwards but closed downwards. From the lowermost part of the shaft extends a number of laterally and upwardly directed air ducts 16, which end in slit-shaped discharge ports 18 which, as best shown in FIG. 2, are positioned such that they are located just inside the wall 20 of the shrink tunnel housing 2.
  • a downwardly sucking fan 22 having a drive spindle 24 which is rotated by means of an electrical motor 26 which is mounted in the supporting structure 10 of the assembly.
  • an electrical motor 26 which is mounted in the supporting structure 10 of the assembly.
  • electrical heating elements 28 preferably in connection with a heat exchange unit in the shape of plate ribs 29 or the like.
  • the load 6 which shall be wrapped is positioned in the shrink tunnel housing on top of the duct system etc. as above described, preferably positioned upon a support pallet 34 or the like, such that there exists laterally directed air passages 36 between the underside of the load and the support or top surface of the hot air assembly.
  • the load 6 is positioned in the shrink tunnel 2 on top of the hot air assembly 4.
  • the load is provided or covered with a bag-like enclosure 50 of heat-shrinkable film such that the film covers the load but for the bottom side.
  • the electrical heating means is preferably switched on one hour or two before the apparatus shall be utilized such that the hot air system is heated up and the fan 22 may during the preheating time period be put into operation.
  • the fan now is switched on, air is sucked down through the shaft 12 from the upper opening with the result that a sub-pressure is created in the inverted bag enveloping the load.
  • air is simultaneously sucked in through the spacing or openings 36 between the bottom edge 21 of the load and the film and the top side of the support, i.e., the top side of the hot air assembly.
  • the air currents flow through the heating means and therefrom down the shaft and thereafter laterally out through the ducts 16 and therefrom upwards through the ports 18 and up into the shrink tunnel along the inside walls of same.
  • the hot air currents turn around and flow downwards generally along the outside of the bag such that the film is heated from the top and downwards.
  • the air is thereafter sucked in below the bottom edges of the film and a-new arrives into the shaft 12 and thereby closes the air current circuit.
  • the air current flow pattern is illustrated with arrows in FIG. 1.
  • the film is thus generally subjected to a suction force simultaneously as it is heated.
  • the method in accordance with the invention can be accomplished in several fashions. In some cases it may thus be desirable to carry out the withdrawal of air from the inverted bag prior to the time that the hot air currents are supplied such that the certain sub-pressure is established in the bag prior to the shrinking process. In other cases the opposite may be preferred, and can easily be arranged with implements such as baffles or the like in the air duct system.
  • a substantial further advantage of the method in accordance with the invention is that the hot air fan as sembly and the shrink tunnel can be constructed as independent units. This fact simplifies the fabrication as well as the operation of a shrink packing plant in accordance with the invention. This implies further that the hot air assembly, since it is made independent of the shrink tunnel, can be given the particular design which is found most purposely in order to be adapted to various needs.
  • the bag can be realized in different fasions.
  • the shape and form of the bag will among others depend upon what kind of goods or loads which shall be wrapped, and the dimensions of the loads. In most cases it will be most suitable to utilize plastic bags which are preformed and threaded over each separate load successively during the packing, which bag may be available readily made or one can utilize film in the shape of hoselike, web-shaped blanks. It shall, however, be understood that in order to practice the invention it is not necessary to utilize bags as such since one may with about the same result utilize web-shaped plas tic film which is wrapped around the load, preferably from above such that the film is folded downwards the side faces of the load.
  • a further substantial advantage by the method in accordance with the invention arising from the fact that the difficulties with the flapping and billowing of the film are eliminated, is that the shrink tunnel to a larger degree than hitherto can be filled with goods since the minimum distance from the outside of the goods or the load to the inside wall of the shrinking tunnel can be reduced radically.
  • the clearance from the load to the wall may when utilizing the method in accordance with the invention, be reduced from 30-50 cm which is usually in shrink tunnels today, to approximately 5-10 cm.
  • a shrink packing apparatus having a rated capacity and which operates on basis of the method in accordance with the invention will have substantially larger capacity and is able to wrap larger units, for instance -30 percent larger units compared with a conventional apparatus with otherwise comparable dimensions. This condition together with the fact that the entire hot air current and fan assembly is positioned below the floor in the tunnel results in a reduced requirement to space.
  • a method of wrapping a load with heat-shrinkable film that comprises the steps of initially providing the load with an open-bottom envelope of heat-shrinkable film, positioning the load in a shrink tunnel, withdrawing air from the lower open end of the envelope in order to create a sub-pressure therein and simultaneously withdrawing air from the tunnel space past the lower side edges of the load, heating the air withdrawn from the tunnel space and the inside of the envelope, re-circulating same into the tunnel space in the form of upwardly directed air currents along the inside walls of the tunnel toward the top side of the load, causing the air currents to turn around and move downwards along the outside of the film envelope to the lower side edges of the load to provide a closed circulation loop.
  • An apparatus for wrapping a load with heatshrinkable film which comprises: a shrink tunnel in the form of a closed top open bottom insulated box, a support for a load therein, said support providing lateral air openings between said support and the lower side edges of the load, an air conduit system beneath said support, said air conduit system including an upwardly open central shaft, initially laterally directed air conveying means leading from said shaft and ending in spaced port openings at the open bottom of the shrink tunnel, a fan means and an air-heating means positioned in said air conduit system, said fan means being arranged to simultaneously withdraw air from the film envelope and from the shrink tunnel space through said lateral openings between the support and the lower side edges of the load to move the air as upward air currents out through said port openings and along the inside walls of the shrink tunnel and back over the outside of the load to establish a closed air circulation system, wherein said support including said port openings, said air conduit system, said fan means and said heating means are built as an integral self-contained unit structurally independent of said shrink tunnel.
  • FIG. 3 An apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the laterally directed air conveying means from said shaft comprises a plurality of air ducts ending in air port openings circumferentially arranged in the support adjacent the inside walls of the shrink tunnel.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
US00223997A 1971-02-10 1972-02-07 Method and apparatus for wrapping a load with heat-shrinkable film Expired - Lifetime US3777446A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO493/71A NO127044C (fr) 1971-02-10 1971-02-10

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US00223997A Expired - Lifetime US3777446A (en) 1971-02-10 1972-02-07 Method and apparatus for wrapping a load with heat-shrinkable film

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US (1) US3777446A (fr)
DE (1) DE2205975A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1311828A (fr)
IT (1) IT948469B (fr)
NL (1) NL7201708A (fr)
NO (1) NO127044C (fr)
SE (1) SE389851B (fr)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3897671A (en) * 1973-08-31 1975-08-05 Comptex Apparatus and method for covering a load on a pallet
US4164111A (en) * 1976-11-19 1979-08-14 Pietro Di Bernardo Vacuum-packing method and apparatus
US4555895A (en) * 1982-12-13 1985-12-03 Francesco Torre Machine for packaging products in heat-shrinkable film
US4597193A (en) * 1983-10-01 1986-07-01 Kallfass Verpackungsmaschinen Gmbh Shrinking tunnel
US5029519A (en) * 1988-05-17 1991-07-09 Itt Industries Belgium S.A. Food cooking utensil with lid-cooling means
US5111528A (en) * 1989-03-10 1992-05-05 Msk-Verpackungs-Systems Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Apparatus for heat shrinking wrapping using electrical air heating
US5155799A (en) * 1989-11-27 1992-10-13 Tetra Alfa Holdings S.A. Heating apparatus for packaging materials utilizing heated air recirculation
US5502947A (en) * 1993-10-26 1996-04-02 Maschinenfabrik Mollers Gmbh U. Co. Method of and apparatus for shrinking a shrink film cover
US5546677A (en) * 1995-03-28 1996-08-20 Ossid Corporation Apparatus and method for shrinking film wrapped around a product
US5701388A (en) * 1994-12-22 1997-12-23 Kohler Co. Combined heater and pump
DE19920057A1 (de) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-09 Kallfass Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verpackung von Gegenständen in Schrumpffolie
US6321513B1 (en) * 1996-10-17 2001-11-27 Pi-Patente Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung (Gmbh) Entwicklung Und Verwertung Method for packing articles in an elastic packing material and device to carry out said method
US6577922B2 (en) 2001-07-30 2003-06-10 The Coca-Cola Company Point of sale product personalization system
US6837031B1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2005-01-04 MSK-Verpackungss-Systeme Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Device for shrinking a shrink-wrap film
US20050252174A1 (en) * 2004-05-12 2005-11-17 Tamko Roofing Products, Inc. System for sealing a packaging wrapper
US20060091139A1 (en) * 2004-11-01 2006-05-04 Sca Packaging North America, Inc. Thermally insulated containers
US20100077702A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2010-04-01 Lelie Thomas Shrink tunnel for shrinking shrink films onto packages, such as boxes, bottles, cans, or similar containers, or packaging units, and a method of operating a shrink tunnel to shrink wrap packages or packaging units
WO2011017755A1 (fr) * 2009-08-14 2011-02-17 Diego Barbaro Machine d'emballage à rétraction dans une chambre
US20120018035A1 (en) * 2010-07-20 2012-01-26 Krones Ag Arrangement and method for coupling several groups of machine assemblies of a container processing device
BE1023137B1 (nl) * 2015-05-27 2016-11-29 Mivas, Vereniging Zonder Winstoogmerk Inrichting voor het verpakken van een product in een krimpfolie.
WO2023147271A1 (fr) * 2022-01-26 2023-08-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Fardelage de produits par enveloppe thermorétractable assisté par infrarouges

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3014369A1 (de) * 1980-04-15 1981-10-22 Ing. Paul Joosten Verpackungstechnik, 4180 Goch Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufschrumpen einer folienhuelle
DE3262894D1 (en) * 1981-10-16 1985-05-09 Msk Verpackung Syst Gmbh Method and device for packaging goods stacked on a pallet
SE8300277L (sv) * 1983-01-20 1984-07-21 Norden Packaging Mach Forseglingsanordning

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3399506A (en) * 1965-04-01 1968-09-03 Grace W R & Co Process and apparatus for simultaneously heat sealing and heat shrinking film
US3621588A (en) * 1968-10-10 1971-11-23 Nuetro Hirsch & Co Device for packaging piece goods on a base frame
US3668817A (en) * 1966-11-18 1972-06-13 Grace W R & Co Shrink tunnel and method of shrinking film on articles

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3399506A (en) * 1965-04-01 1968-09-03 Grace W R & Co Process and apparatus for simultaneously heat sealing and heat shrinking film
US3668817A (en) * 1966-11-18 1972-06-13 Grace W R & Co Shrink tunnel and method of shrinking film on articles
US3621588A (en) * 1968-10-10 1971-11-23 Nuetro Hirsch & Co Device for packaging piece goods on a base frame

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3897671A (en) * 1973-08-31 1975-08-05 Comptex Apparatus and method for covering a load on a pallet
US4164111A (en) * 1976-11-19 1979-08-14 Pietro Di Bernardo Vacuum-packing method and apparatus
US4555895A (en) * 1982-12-13 1985-12-03 Francesco Torre Machine for packaging products in heat-shrinkable film
US4597193A (en) * 1983-10-01 1986-07-01 Kallfass Verpackungsmaschinen Gmbh Shrinking tunnel
US5029519A (en) * 1988-05-17 1991-07-09 Itt Industries Belgium S.A. Food cooking utensil with lid-cooling means
US5111528A (en) * 1989-03-10 1992-05-05 Msk-Verpackungs-Systems Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Apparatus for heat shrinking wrapping using electrical air heating
US5155799A (en) * 1989-11-27 1992-10-13 Tetra Alfa Holdings S.A. Heating apparatus for packaging materials utilizing heated air recirculation
US5502947A (en) * 1993-10-26 1996-04-02 Maschinenfabrik Mollers Gmbh U. Co. Method of and apparatus for shrinking a shrink film cover
US5701388A (en) * 1994-12-22 1997-12-23 Kohler Co. Combined heater and pump
US5546677A (en) * 1995-03-28 1996-08-20 Ossid Corporation Apparatus and method for shrinking film wrapped around a product
US6321513B1 (en) * 1996-10-17 2001-11-27 Pi-Patente Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung (Gmbh) Entwicklung Und Verwertung Method for packing articles in an elastic packing material and device to carry out said method
US6837031B1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2005-01-04 MSK-Verpackungss-Systeme Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Device for shrinking a shrink-wrap film
DE19920057A1 (de) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-09 Kallfass Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verpackung von Gegenständen in Schrumpffolie
US6577922B2 (en) 2001-07-30 2003-06-10 The Coca-Cola Company Point of sale product personalization system
US20050252174A1 (en) * 2004-05-12 2005-11-17 Tamko Roofing Products, Inc. System for sealing a packaging wrapper
US20060032194A1 (en) * 2004-05-12 2006-02-16 Steve Johnson System for sealing a packaging wrapper
US7472529B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2009-01-06 Tamko Roofing Products, Inc. System for sealing a packaging wrapper
US20050274090A1 (en) * 2004-05-12 2005-12-15 Steve Johnson System for sealing a packaging wrapper
US20060091139A1 (en) * 2004-11-01 2006-05-04 Sca Packaging North America, Inc. Thermally insulated containers
US11958646B2 (en) * 2007-03-30 2024-04-16 Khs Gmbh Shrink tunnel for shrinking shrink films onto packages, such as boxes, bottles, cans, or similar containers, or packaging units, and a method of operating a shrink tunnel to shrink wrap packages or packaging units
US20100077702A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2010-04-01 Lelie Thomas Shrink tunnel for shrinking shrink films onto packages, such as boxes, bottles, cans, or similar containers, or packaging units, and a method of operating a shrink tunnel to shrink wrap packages or packaging units
WO2011017755A1 (fr) * 2009-08-14 2011-02-17 Diego Barbaro Machine d'emballage à rétraction dans une chambre
CN102639401A (zh) * 2009-08-14 2012-08-15 迪耶戈·巴尔巴罗 腔室收缩包装机
US20120018035A1 (en) * 2010-07-20 2012-01-26 Krones Ag Arrangement and method for coupling several groups of machine assemblies of a container processing device
US9284083B2 (en) * 2010-07-20 2016-03-15 Krones Ag Arrangement and method for coupling several groups of machine assemblies of a container processing device
BE1023137B1 (nl) * 2015-05-27 2016-11-29 Mivas, Vereniging Zonder Winstoogmerk Inrichting voor het verpakken van een product in een krimpfolie.
WO2023147271A1 (fr) * 2022-01-26 2023-08-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Fardelage de produits par enveloppe thermorétractable assisté par infrarouges
US11970303B2 (en) 2022-01-26 2024-04-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Infrared-assisted shrink wrap product bundling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1311828A (en) 1973-03-28
IT948469B (it) 1973-05-30
NO127044C (fr) 1975-04-22
NL7201708A (fr) 1972-08-14
DE2205975A1 (de) 1972-08-31
NO127044B (fr) 1973-04-30
SE389851B (sv) 1976-11-22

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