Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
  • G03C1/38—Dispersants; Agents facilitating spreading
  • G03C1/385—Dispersants; Agents facilitating spreading containing fluorine
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
  • G03C1/38—Dispersants; Agents facilitating spreading
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
  • G03C1/85—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antistatic additives or coatings

Definitions

• ABSTRACT A combination of improved coatability plus better control of staticelectricity can result from using a mixture of (a) a certain type of cationic perfluorinated alkyl surfactant such as perfluorooctylsulfonamido- (N-propyl-3-N,N,N-trimethyl) ammonium iodide plus (b) a certain type of alkylphenoxypoly-(propylene oxide) such as p-nonylphenoxy decaglycidol as a coating aid in the application of fluid coatings upon the surface(s) of radiation sensitive film elements.
• a polymeric binder such as gelatin in the coating composition is desirable. Synergistic coating results are obtained when a coating composition containing the mixture is applied to light sensitive layers that are troublesome to simultaneously overcoat because they contain materials that are extremely surface active.
• image-recording systems use image-forming materials comprising a support such as glass, metal, paper or plastic, overcoated with one or more layers comprising hydrophilic colloidal materials such as gelatin, at least some of which layers contain one or more materials that are sensitive to radiation.
• a support such as glass, metal, paper or plastic
• hydrophilic colloidal materials such as gelatin
• The. best known of the image-recording systems utilizes silver salt(s) as the sensitive material.
• a wide variety of other materials are sensitive to radiation (reacting in a desired manner upon exposure to radiation) including certain unsaturated polymers and non-silver photographic systems.
• the layer containing the radiation sensitive material is fre quently used in combination with several other layers which serve, for example, to provide reflective pigments, antihalation pigments or dyes, or filter dyes, or improved adhesion and/or abrasion resistance and the like.
• An example of a particularly troublesome case is that which results when a conventional coating composition comprising water, a photographic dye, silver halide, gelatin and an anionic surfactant such as a sodium alkylaryl sulfonate (in appropriate amounts) is applied to a conventional gelatin-subbed cellulose acetate photographic film support and one attempts to simultaneously overcoat a protective layer of gelatin, for example, from an aqueous coating composition upon such a highly surface active surface, a coated product having many surface defects results, even though one or more conventional surfactants are used in the aqueous overcoating composition in an attempt to solve the coating difficulties.
• a conventional coating composition comprising water, a photographic dye, silver halide, gelatin and an anionic surfactant such as a sodium alkylaryl sulfonate (in appropriate amounts) is applied to a conventional gelatin-subbed cellulose acetate photographic film support and one attempts to simultaneously overcoat a protective layer of gelatin, for example, from an aqueous coating composition upon such
• alkylphenoxy poly(propylene oxide) materials having the formula where R is alkyl and contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms and Q is a polyether group comprising an average of from about 3 to about 15 units derived from glycidol (hydroxypropylene oxide), and the polyether group comprises n-propenoxy and isopropenoxy moieties.
• the present invention comprises aqueous coating compositions containing the special surfactant combinations of the present invention (which coating compositions also preferably contain a compatible polymeric binder).
• This invention also includes coated elements (including radiation sensitive elements) on at least one of the outersurfaces of which appears one of the surfactant blends of the present invention.
• coated elements including radiation sensitive elements
• the presence of such blend at the surface of the element or substrate effectively reduces the propensity of that surface to generate undesirable static electricity when the surface is contacted by another surface.
• Such blend should appear in the surface layer in an amount equal to at least about 0.002, to about 2, and preferably from about 0.005 to about 0.5, mg per dm of treated surface.
• the synergistically acting combination of surfactants of the present invention comprises a mixture of (A) a first material having the formula wherein R. is alkyl and contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms and O is a polyether group comprising from about 3 to about 15 units of hydroxypropylene oxide; said polycther group comprising n-propenoxy and isopropenoxy moieties.
• Typical examples of cationic surfactants having the structure of formula 1, above, include perfluoroheptylsul-fonamido-(N-propyl-3-N,N dimethyl-N- ethyl)ammonium bromide, perfluorononylsulfonamido-(N-ethyl-Z-N,N,N-trimethyl)ammonium iodide, perfluoroheptylsulfonamido-(N-propyl-3-N,N,N-triethyl) ammonium iodide, perfluorooctylsulfonamido-(N- propyl-3-N,N,N-trimethyl)ammonium iodide, perfluorooctylsulfonamido-(N-propyl-3-N,N,N-trimethyl)ammonium chloride, perfluorohexyl-sulfonamido-(
• perfluorooctylsulfonamido-(N- propyl-3-N,N,N-trimethyl)ammonium iodide and perfluorooctylsulfonamido-(N-ethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl)ammonium iodide are preferred.
• useful nonionic surfactants having the structure of formula 11, above include the various products resulting from the conventional reaction of alkylphenols such as hexylphenol, octylphenols, nonylphenols, and dodecylphenols with an average of 3, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 15 moles of glycidol (per mole of the alkylphenol).
• octylphenoxy octaglycidol octylphenoxy decaglycidol, octylphenoxy dodecaglycidol, nonylphenoxy octaglycidol, nonylphenoxy nonaglycidol, nonylphenoxy decaglycidol, and nonylphenoxy dodecaglycidol are preferred, particularly preferred products. having isoalkyl groups.
• a particularly preferred combination of surfactants useful in the practice of this invention is a combination of (a) perfluorooctylsulfonamido -(N-propyl-3,N,N,N- trimethyl) ammonium iodide and (b) p-nonylphenoxy decaglycidol in a weight ratio of from about 2:1 to about 1:75, respectively.
• cationic materials as those designated 1, above, as charge control agents has been described and claimed in United States patent application Ser. No. 163,450, filed July 16, 1971, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference into the present patent application. Such materials can be readily prepared by conventional means.
• nonionic materials as those designated [1," above, as coating aids has been described and claimed in the aforementioned Knox patent (U.S. Pat. No. 3,514,293).
• Such nonionic materials can be prepared by reacting an appropriate alkylphenol with an appropriate amount of glycidol via a known method as described by Knox.
• compositions of this invention can readily be illustrated by the following examples, wherein a simulated conventional photographic layer (which is extremely surface active) containing 0.86 mg. of sodium triisopropyl naphthalene sulfonate per dm 24.4 mg. gelatin per dm and 1.3 mg. per dm of a nonwandering magenta dye was coated on a conventional cellulose acetate film support and simultaneously overcoated with a water dispersion containing weight percent of gelatin plus an appropriate amount of one or more surfactants, as set out in Table 1, below. The coating was applied so that 10 mg. gelatin per dm were applied to the treated surface.
• A perfluorooctylsulfonamido -(N-propyl-3-N,N,N-trimcthyl ammonium iodide.
• B p nonylphenoxy decaglycidol.
• the valuable benefits of the present invention can be obtained by application of the materials in admixture to the surface that is being treated, preferably by use of a coating composition containing at least water (preferably at least about 60 weight percent), at least about 0.005 and up to about 0.5 percent (and preferably from about 0.01 to about 0.2) weight percent (combined weight if more than one is used) of one or more 1" (cationic) materials, and enough of one or more ll (nonionic) materials to produce in the resulting aqueous coating composition the desired weight ratio of materials.
• a coating composition containing at least water (preferably at least about 60 weight percent), at least about 0.005 and up to about 0.5 percent (and preferably from about 0.01 to about 0.2) weight percent (combined weight if more than one is used) of one or more 1" (cationic) materials, and enough of one or more ll (nonionic) materials to produce in the resulting aqueous coating composition the desired weight ratio of materials.
• the aqueous coating compositions of this invention will contain a total of at least about 0.01 up to about 2 (and preferably from about 0.05 to about 0.5) weight percent of the nonionic surfactant material. It is also preferred that -the coating compositions of the present invention contain at least about 0.5 weight percent of one or more of the aforementioned polymeric binders and that the compositions be readily coatable by conventional means.
• the coating compositions of the present invention can contain dyes, lubricants, pigments, dispersing agents, matting agents, polymers, and the like, generally in minor amounts less than about 5 weight percent.
• a preferred embodiment of such composition includes an amount of at least one compatible polymeric binder material suffrcient to cause the resulting mixture to adhere together (and to the underlying layer) when the solvent portion of the coating composition has been removed therefrom (usually via evaporation).
• Useful compatible polymeric binder materials include all of those that can be dispersed or dissolved in the aqueous portion of the coating composition, which are film-formers when the coating is dried under conventional conditions, and which are compatible with the cationic and nonionic surfactants thereon.
• Typical non-limiting examples of such compatible polymeric binder materials are polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrollidone and gelatin. Of these, gelatin is preferred because of the contemporary large scale use of gelatin in radiation sensitive layers.
• the valuable coatings of the present invention can also be applied from non-aqueous coating compositionsif desired, the solvent portion of such compositions having to be readily volatile under conventional coating conditions.
• the preferred type of cationic material for use in the practice of this invention includes the perfluorinated sulfonamido materials having the sturcture (III) wherein P is perfluorinated and contains from 6 to carbon atoms; n is an integer from'2 to 4, D is wherein R R and R are alkyl groups containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and X is an anion selected from the group consisting of, chloride, bromide and iodide. Particularly preferred is perfluorooctyl-sulfonamido-N- propyl -3-N,N,N -trimethyl)ammonium iodide (presently commercially available from 3M Company under the trade designation PC-134. I
• nonionic material for use in the practice of this invention includes those having the formula fit can be readily appreciated when it is realized that the triboelectric charge for a layer consisting essentially of gelatin is esu (electro-static units per square centimeter) that of Example 3, above (containing the nonionic surfactant plus gelatin) is about +28 esu, while that of Example 8 is only +2 esu.
• esu electro-static units per square centimeter
• Example 8 is only +2 esu.
• the significance of this improvement becomes clear in view of the fact that dangerous, troublesome static discharge oc curs when a net triboelectric charge of 8 to 10 esu accumulates at a given part of the gelatin coating.
• the particular type of substrate or radiation sensitive layer(s) over which the present compositions are applied are generally not determinative of the operability of the present invention.
• the present coating compositions can be successfully used (and can even exhibit the synergism demonstrated above) when applied over an extremely surface active layer such as that used in preparing the coatings of the above Examples, because of the anionic nature of the surface lates to the protection of the resulting coated elements from the excessive formation of static electricity during the subsequent handling of the elements.
• This protection is due to the peculiar ability of the perfluorinated cationic surfactant portion of the present compositions to function as a charge control agent, thereby reducing significantly the triboelectric charging characteristics of that surface of the product element treated therewith.
• a radiation sensitive element comprising a substrate, at least one radiation sensitive layer adhered to a'surface of said substrate, and contiguous to at least one surface of (a) said substrate or (b) one of said radiation sensitive layers, a coating layer comprising a mixture of (i) a first material having the formula wherein P is a member selected from the group consisting of perfluorinated carbon chains containing from 6 to 10 carbon atoms per chain;
• n is an integer of from 1 to 6; I R R and R are either hydrogen or lower alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and X is a halide anion; with ii. a second material; said second material being an alkylphenoxypoly(hydroxypropylene oxide) compound having the structure wherein R, is alkyl and contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms and Q is a polyether group containing an average of from about 3 to about units of hydroxypropylene oxide; said polyether group comprising n-propeneoxy and isopropenoxy moieties; the weight ratio of said first material to said second material in said mixture being from about 2:1 to about 1:75, respectively.
• said first mate rial is perfluorooctylsulfonamido (N-propyl-3-N,N,N- trimethyl) ammonium iodide and said second material has the structure wherein Q is a polyether group comprising about 10 propenoxy units, and said weight ratio is from about 1.5:1 to about 1:50.
• said surface of said polymeric substrate is a solid linear polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, or a lower alkyl ester of cellu lose.
• a radiation sensitive photographic element comprising a solid transparent polymeric film substrate containing over at least one surface at least one radiation sensitive layer; said radiation sensitive layer being overcoated with a charge control layer comprising from about 0.01 to about 1 mg per dm of overcoated area of a blend of perfluorooctylsulfonamido (N-propyl-3-N,N,N-trimethyl) ammonium iodide, pisononylphenoxy decapropyleneoxide, and gelatin; the weight ratio of the cationic surfactant to nonionic surfactant in said blend being from about 1.5:1 to about 1:50, respectively.
• An aqueous coating composition comprising a fluid mixture comprising water, a first material having the formula wherein R is alkyl and contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms and Q is a polyether group comprising an average of from about 3 to about 15 combined units of hydroxypropylene oxide; said polyether group comprising n-propeneoxy and isopropenoxy moieties; said first material and said second material being present in said I composition in respective proportions, by weight, of
• a coating composition consisting essentially of a. at least about weight percent of water,
• n is an integer of from 1 to 6;
• R R and R are lower alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and X is an anion; and

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
• Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22865271

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (17)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 1972
  • 1972-02-29 US US00230450A patent/US3775126A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1973
  • 1973-01-09 CA CA160,881A patent/CA991469A/en not_active Expired
  • 1973-02-22 GB GB873873A patent/GB1415386A/en not_active Expired
  • 1973-02-23 DE DE2309076A patent/DE2309076C2/de not_active Expired
  • 1973-02-27 AU AU52645/73A patent/AU472979B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1973-02-28 BE BE128239A patent/BE796119A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1973-02-28 FR FR7307003A patent/FR2174111B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1973-03-27 BR BR731460A patent/BR7301460D0/pt unknown

Patent Citations (6)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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