US3773629A - Method of enameling strips and sheets of steel - Google Patents
Method of enameling strips and sheets of steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3773629A US3773629A US00132195A US3773629DA US3773629A US 3773629 A US3773629 A US 3773629A US 00132195 A US00132195 A US 00132195A US 3773629D A US3773629D A US 3773629DA US 3773629 A US3773629 A US 3773629A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- work piece
- combination according
- acid
- volume
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000004534 enameling Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 benzene dicarboxylic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-dicarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 14
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- JTAXUBKTCAOMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietinol Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2C=CC3C(C)(CO)CCCC3(C)C2CC1 JTAXUBKTCAOMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GQRUHVMVWNKUFW-LWYYNNOASA-N abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol Chemical compound OC[C@]1(C)CCC[C@]2(C)[C@@H](CCC(C(C)C)=C3)C3=CC[C@H]21 GQRUHVMVWNKUFW-LWYYNNOASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930001565 abietol Natural products 0.000 description 3
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D3/00—Chemical treatment of the metal surfaces prior to coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multi-stage method of one-layer enameling steel bands and steel sheets according to which the bands, strips or sheets are degreased, are rinsed in cold water between each method step and after an intermediate treatment are enameled.
- the metal sheet to be enameled is first electrolytically degreased and after a rinsing in water is chemically or electrolytically pickled in sulfuric acid or in a mixture of formic acid and nitric acid and is again rinsed. Following the pickling step, the metal sheet is plated electrolytically in a nickel bath with nickel and subsequently is enameled. If the enameling is not carried out shortly after the nickel plating step, the nickel-plated metal sheet is electrolytically coated with a zinc coat which is removed prior to the enameling step. However, this method does not yield a sufficient adherence of the enamel coat to the steel sheet.
- the band, strip or sheet is descaled chemically or anodically in a 3 to 8 volume percent nitric acid, and is furthermore characterized in that upon the thus prepared band, strip or sheet there is deposited a metallic layer of iron and one or two of r the metals nickel, cobalt and manganese which layer is cathodically electrodeposited from one or more electrolytic baths at a temperature within the range of from room temperature to 80C, said layer being adapted in wet condition to be wiped off.
- the method according to the present invention is furthermore characterized in that one or two of the metals nickel, cobalt, manganese are added to the electrolyte up to a total concentration of 50 grams per liter of these foreign metals.
- the band, strip or sheet is chemically or anodically posttreated in an acid over a period of from 10 to a maximum of seconds. Subsequently, the thus treated material is a rectilinear or branch linked aliphatic hydrocarbon residue with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and- /or bb. a methacrylate the ester group of which consists of an aliphatic straight linked or branch linked hydrocarbon residue with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
- said lacquer or enamel following the stoving being deformable and at the temperatures employed during the enameling step depolymerizes completely and without residues by volatilization while the enamel frits melt into a unitary coat or cover on the band or sheet.
- the lacquer or enamel with reference to the solid body comprises as essential ingredientsthe following components:
- nitric acid for the abovereferred to descaling treatment, it is advantageous, depending on the successive method steps, chemically to descale the strip, band or sheet in' nitric acid of from 3 to 8 percent by volume at room temperature for a period of from 30 to 60 seconds, or to descale the strip, band or sheet anodically in nitric acid of from 3 to 8 percent by volume at a current density of from 10 amperes per square decimeter at room temperature for a period of about 10 seconds.
- a quantity of from 10 percent by volume of sulfuric acid may be added to the bath, or the bath may during an anodic descaling at a temperature of from 40 to C consist merely of a sulfuric acid of 10 percent by volume.
- the metallic layer adapted to be wiped off For purposes of applying the metallic layer adapted to be wiped off, various embodiments are possible. According to a preferred manner, following the descaling step, upon the strip, band or sheet there is from an electrolyte containing a bivalent iron, iron electrodeposited at a current density of from 5 to amperes per square decimeter within a period of from 10 to 30 seconds. Subsequently, from a nickel electrolyte, for instance of the Watt type or the citric acid type, nickel is cathodically electrodepositedat a current density of from 3 to l0 amperes per square decimeter in a period of from 6 to seconds.
- an electrolyte containing a bivalent iron, iron electrodeposited at a current density of from 5 to amperes per square decimeter within a period of from 10 to 30 seconds Subsequently, from a nickel electrolyte, for instance of the Watt type or the citric acid type, nickel is cathodically electrodepositedat a current density of
- a cobalt containing sulfate electrolyte instead of employing a nickel electrolyte, also a cobalt containing sulfate electrolyte may be employed in which instance the cobalt is electrodeposited onto the strip, band or sheet at a current density of from 3 to 10 amperes per square decimeter in a period of from 6 to 15 seconds.
- the said metals be electrodeposited upon the strip, band or sheet at a current density of from 5 to 20 amperes per square decimeter in a period of from 10 to 30 seconds.
- the respective strip, band or sheet is advantageously immersed in a nitric acid of from 3 to 8 percent by volume at room terperature for a period of from 5 to 20 seconds whereas, with an anodic posttreatment in a sulfuric acid of 10 percent by volume, a current density of 10 amperes per square decimeter at a room temperature of from 40 to 80C and a treatment time of approximately 10 seconds will be required.
- EXAMPLE ll 1. Anodic degreasing in soda lye at a temperature of C., a current density of 15 amperes per square decimeter in a time period of six seconds,
- Anode material soft carbon steel
- EXAMPLE Ill 1. Anodic degreasing in soda lye at a temperature of 80 C. and a current density of 15 amperes per square decimeter in a time period of six seconds,
- cathodic electrodeposition of zinc from an electrolyte of the composition 320 grams per liter zinc sulfate 20 grams per liter ammonium chloride, the pH-value of which is by means of sulfuric acid adjusted to 2.0 at a current density of 30 amperes 'per square decimeter and at a temperature of 60 C. in a time period of 10 seconds, l0. rinsing and drying,
- EXAMPLE IV A sheet strip belt or the like treated and dried in conformity with the method steps 1 to 8 of the preceding EXAMPLES l-lli has applied thereto in any standard manner for instance by painting, immersing, spraying, or rolling a lacquer having worked thereinto white or colored pigmented enamel frits in a quantity of from 50 to 80 percent by weight.
- the lacquer is applied in the form of a liquid mixture in organic solvent and with regard to the solid body contains as essential ingredients:
- aa an acrylate the ester group of which consists of a rectilinear or branch-linked aliphatic hydrocarbon residue with from one to six carbon atoms, and/or bb. a methacrylate the ester group of which consists of an aliphatic straight-linked or branch-linked hydrocarbon residue with from one to six carbon atoms.
- the coat of lacquer is subsequently at a temperature of from 150 to 350 C., preferably from 160 to 300 C., burned or stoved into the sheet strip or belt in a time period of from 30 minutes to seconds while at the mentioned lower temperatures, longer burning or stoving times and at the higher temperatures correspondinglyshorter burning or stoving times are to be employed.
- the subsequent depolymerization of the lacquer components occurs over a range of temperature,"and that therefore the burning orstoving temperatures which preferably are by about 20 C. higher thanithemelting point of the inserted frits can'- not be increased at will.
- the lacquer film burned into the strip sheet or belt has a smooth, dull or mat, or nonglossy appearance while the color-"tone depends on the enamel frit worked into thefla cjquer.
- Theiburn'ed-in or stoved lacquer film is hard arid mechanic'ally resistant, especially against scratches, impacts and blows.
- the belt strip or sheet provided with the coat of lacquer is deformable and can be deep drawn so that no difficulties will be encountered in shaping the sheet strip or belttreated in the above mentioned manner in conformity with the desires of the respective manufacturer.
- the lacquer film is heated to a temperature of over approximately 500 C., preferably ata temperature over 700 C. on, depolymerized completely in a furnace and without residues while the lacquer ingredients are volatilized and the enamel frits melt to a uniform flawless enamel coat.
- a method in combination according to claim 10, in which said lacquer with regard to the solid body comprises:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2016989A DE2016989C3 (de) | 1970-04-09 | 1970-04-09 | Verfahren zum Einschichtemaillieren von Bändern und Blechen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3773629A true US3773629A (en) | 1973-11-20 |
Family
ID=5767573
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00132195A Expired - Lifetime US3773629A (en) | 1970-04-09 | 1971-04-07 | Method of enameling strips and sheets of steel |
Country Status (11)
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3923611A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1975-12-02 | Ferro Corp | Direct-on ceramic coating of carbon-rich iron |
| US3971120A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1976-07-27 | Ferro Corporation | Direct-on ceramic coating of carbon-rich iron |
| US4828662A (en) * | 1987-05-12 | 1989-05-09 | Mb Group Plc | Electrolytic stripping of cobalt |
| US4910096A (en) * | 1987-08-10 | 1990-03-20 | Hille & Muller | Cold-rolled steel strip with electrodeposited nickel coating exhibiting a great diffusion depth |
| CN112877751A (zh) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-06-01 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | 一种体积压裂用弯管内表面复合涂层及其制备方法和应用 |
-
1970
- 1970-04-09 DE DE2016989A patent/DE2016989C3/de not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-02-16 AT AT133071A patent/AT316257B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-03-11 ES ES389127A patent/ES389127A1/es not_active Expired
- 1971-04-07 NL NL7104638A patent/NL7104638A/xx unknown
- 1971-04-07 NO NO1349/71A patent/NO130692C/no unknown
- 1971-04-07 CA CA109,833A patent/CA974923A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-04-07 US US00132195A patent/US3773629A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-04-08 SE SE04657/71A patent/SE368033B/xx unknown
- 1971-04-08 BE BE765510A patent/BE765510A/xx unknown
- 1971-04-09 FR FR7112799A patent/FR2089510A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-04-19 GB GB2339471*A patent/GB1316890A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3923611A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1975-12-02 | Ferro Corp | Direct-on ceramic coating of carbon-rich iron |
| US3971120A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1976-07-27 | Ferro Corporation | Direct-on ceramic coating of carbon-rich iron |
| US4828662A (en) * | 1987-05-12 | 1989-05-09 | Mb Group Plc | Electrolytic stripping of cobalt |
| US4910096A (en) * | 1987-08-10 | 1990-03-20 | Hille & Muller | Cold-rolled steel strip with electrodeposited nickel coating exhibiting a great diffusion depth |
| CN112877751A (zh) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-06-01 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | 一种体积压裂用弯管内表面复合涂层及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2016989C3 (de) | 1974-08-08 |
| BE765510A (fr) | 1971-10-08 |
| NO130692C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-01-22 |
| NO130692B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-10-14 |
| NL7104638A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-10-12 |
| DE2016989B2 (de) | 1973-12-20 |
| ES389127A1 (es) | 1974-04-01 |
| DE2016989A1 (de) | 1971-10-28 |
| AT316257B (de) | 1974-07-10 |
| FR2089510A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-01-07 |
| SE368033B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-06-17 |
| GB1316890A (en) | 1973-05-16 |
| CA974923A (en) | 1975-09-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3915811A (en) | Method and composition for electroplating aluminum alloys | |
| JPH04297595A (ja) | アルミニウム帯への亜鉛系電気めっき方法 | |
| US1971761A (en) | Protection of metals | |
| US3773629A (en) | Method of enameling strips and sheets of steel | |
| US3296100A (en) | Process for producing anticorrosive surface treated steel sheets and product thereof | |
| US3064337A (en) | Composite metal article | |
| US3207679A (en) | Method for electroplating on titanium | |
| US2970090A (en) | Plating nickel on aluminum | |
| US3421986A (en) | Method of electroplating a bright adherent chromium coating onto cast-iron | |
| US3515650A (en) | Method of electroplating nickel on an aluminum article | |
| US2021592A (en) | Method of brightening metals electronegative to iron | |
| US3880727A (en) | Method of pretreating bands and sheets of steel for one-layer enameling, and electrolytic bath for use in connection therewith | |
| US2092130A (en) | Anodic cleaning process | |
| JPS57177998A (en) | Production of tin-free steel plate | |
| US2791553A (en) | Method of electroplating aluminum | |
| DE1802182A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Vorbehandlung von Stahlblechen fuer Emaillierungen | |
| US2994126A (en) | Ferrous metal body with alloyed zinc coating | |
| US3725218A (en) | Process for pretreating decarbonized steel to be directly enamelled | |
| US3063918A (en) | Method of making electric conduit with alloyed coating | |
| US2755242A (en) | Treatment for chromium plated aluminum | |
| US3909371A (en) | Process for producing a protective film on an aluminum surface | |
| US3414492A (en) | Chromium plating process | |
| US3075894A (en) | Method of electroplating on aluminum surfaces | |
| US2855348A (en) | Chromium plating | |
| US2918414A (en) | Antimony plating process |