US3772557A - Electric discharge lamps - Google Patents

Electric discharge lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
US3772557A
US3772557A US00252229A US3772557DA US3772557A US 3772557 A US3772557 A US 3772557A US 00252229 A US00252229 A US 00252229A US 3772557D A US3772557D A US 3772557DA US 3772557 A US3772557 A US 3772557A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gallium
iodine
halide
mercury
added
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00252229A
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English (en)
Inventor
Y Yoshida
K Kawai
H Namiki
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Iwasaki Denki KK
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Iwasaki Denki KK
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Application filed by Iwasaki Denki KK filed Critical Iwasaki Denki KK
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electric discharge lamps of mercury vapour added with usual inert-gas as well as gallium and a halogen such as iodine, bromine, and more particularly to an improvement of the lamps of such type to be made more suitable as the light source for photochemical reactions such as exposure of photosensitive agent for copier, photolithography and the like.
  • the photosensitive agents are particularly highly sensitive to the light of wave length band ranging from 380 to 420 mu, although it may be varied more or less depending on the kind of the agents.
  • mercury lamps above all of high pressure mercury vapour type, have been used as the light source for those purposes.
  • These mercury lamps have their highest light output in the range of 365 my. wave length so far as the band effective for photochemical reactions is concerned. Or in other words, a substantial portion of the radiation energy has been wasted.
  • These conventional discharge lamps thus, are not satisfactory in the efficiency of the exposure of the photosensitive papers and the like.
  • gallium iodide Ga to mercury and the inert-gas in the envelope, whereby the light output may be increased or strengthened in bands of 403 my. and and 417 my. which correspond to the particular spectra of gallium.
  • This recently developed lamp having an additional fill of gellium triiodide can radiate the light rich in the band approximately of 400 my. so that it is surely satisfactory as the light source for exposing the copier sensitive papers and the like. It is still not satisfactory, however, in that relatively high voltages are necessary for starting and reigniting and that the voltages are apt to be raised as the lamp is used, although this is inevitable more or less in case of using an additive in the form of a metal halide.
  • the cause has been acknowledged possibly due to impurities such as water and hydrogen inevitably mixedly introduced in the envelope together with the halogen or the metal halide as well as due to free halogen to be generated in the envelope.
  • impurities such as water and hydrogen inevitably mixedly introduced in the envelope together with the halogen or the metal halide as well as due to free halogen to be generated in the envelope.
  • it may be taken into consideration to decrease the amount of the halogen, above all iodine to be added, but it has been taken a strong hold of the persons skilled in the art that the halogen must be added in the amount of chemical equivalence relative to gal lium. Even if the manufacturers take account of the possible weighing error, thus, the halogen has been added in the amount slightly less than the chemical equivalent.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram in which the light output of the mercury lamp having the fill of mercury vapour and argon added with gallium and iodine is shown in percentage in the ordinate relative to 100 percent in the wave length band of 380 mp. to 420 mp. of the light output of the mercury lamp just same but involving no gallium nor iodine; and the gram-atom number ratio of gallium to iodine with varying the amount of the former relative to the fixed amount of the latter is taken in the abscissa;
  • FIG. 2 is'a diagram in which the light output of the two mercury lamps having filling additives of gallium and iodine, one in the gram-atom ratio of 1:3 while the other of 1:1 with holding the gallium amount to be the same, is taken in the ordinate in percentage relative to percent of the light output in the wave length band of 380 my. to 420 mg. of the mercury lamp just same but without said additional fill; and the amount of gallium filled in the radiation envelope is shown in the abscissa variously changed in gram-atom per 1 cc. of the inner capacity of said envelope;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a mercury discharge lamp embodying features of the invention.
  • a field envelope 10 is filled with mercury and an inert gas to which the components discussed have been added.
  • a pair of electrodes 12 and 14 project through the envelope 10.
  • the inventors made experiments to obtain the results illustrated in FIG. 1 with using the 2 KW mercury lamp having a radiation envelope of 15 mm diameter and 200 mm effective length filled with 60 mg mercury and 15 mg argon as well as iodine in the amount of 0.98 X 10 gram-atom per 1 cc. of the inner capacity of said envelope to which gallium was added in a varied amount.
  • point A represents the light output in case where gallium was added relative to iodine in the gram-atom number ratio of 1:3 according to the prior art or the common sence in this technical field.
  • Points B, C and D respectively show the light outputs of the mercury lamps having gallium filled in the respective amounts relative to iodine in 1.5, 3.0 and 9.0 times the chemical equivalence to form gallium triiodide.
  • gallium and iodine added respectively in the form of the element can contribute said improvement finally in the form of gallium triiodide in the envelope. If gallium should be useful merely in the form of said compound, addition or presence of such excessive amounts of gallium as 1.5, 3.0 and 9.0 times the chemical equivalent to iodine would at least not improve the light output characteristics or rather adversely affect thereon.
  • gallium and iodine filled in the lamp envelope act on the photochemically effective light radiation at least not only in the form of gallium triiodide but also in combination of the lesser amount of iodine with gallium, although correct explanation on the phenomenon can not be made regretfully at the present.
  • the output was fairly sharply decreased when gallium was added in further excessive amount.
  • the amount of gallium to be filled in the envelope of the discharge lamp of this type generally and preferably ranges from 0.4 X to 4.0 X 10 gram-atom per 1 cc. of the inner capacity of the envelope.
  • said limits are not of course critical, when gallium to be added is leasser than said lower limit the spectrum of gallium is apt to be considerably decremented during the operation, while when it is more than said upper limit the'discharge of the lamp is apt to be unstable.
  • the inventors carried out the other type of experiments in which the light outputs were determined in respect of the mercury lamps as referred to above, one of which had gallium and iodine filled in the gram-atom number ratio of 1:3 as in the recently developed lamp and the other of 1:1. When the amount of gallium was varied to obtain the respective curves representing light output characteristics of said two discharge lamps, it was found that said characteristic curves were substantially coincident with each other as illustrated in FIG.
  • the discharge lamp having the additional filling of gallium and iodine in the ratio of 1:1 according to the present invention is not inferior at all to the lamp according to the prior art of which envelope was filled additionally with gallium and halide in the relative amount to form gallium triiodide.
  • the voltage necessary for starting the discharge lamp of the invention was about 700 V in comparison with 1,400 V of the lamp according to the prior art.
  • the reigniting voltage was also made fairly lower. it was confirmed also that such voltages were not almost raised different from the lamp of the prior art having gallium and iodine filled in the ratio of 1:3.
  • Discharge lamps as claimed in claim 1 in which said gallium is added in the amount of from 0.4 X 10' to 4.0 X 10' gram-atom per cubic centimeter of the envelope inner capacity.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
US00252229A 1971-05-11 1972-05-11 Electric discharge lamps Expired - Lifetime US3772557A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP46030850A JPS52314B1 (de) 1971-05-11 1971-05-11

Publications (1)

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US3772557A true US3772557A (en) 1973-11-13

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US00252229A Expired - Lifetime US3772557A (en) 1971-05-11 1972-05-11 Electric discharge lamps

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US (1) US3772557A (de)
JP (1) JPS52314B1 (de)
DE (1) DE2222821B2 (de)
FR (1) FR2137695B1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3911308A (en) * 1974-02-07 1975-10-07 Matsushita Electronics Corp High-pressure metal-vapor discharge lamp
US4021696A (en) * 1975-02-14 1977-05-03 Itt Industries, Inc. Ultraviolet discharge lamp
EP0344732A1 (de) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-06 Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh Metallhalogenid-Entladungslampen
US5798612A (en) * 1994-10-26 1998-08-25 Dirks; Joachim Metal-halide discharge lamp for photo-optical purposes
US20050052140A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-10 Lg Electronics Inc. Plasma lamp system and bulb therefor
US20080258623A1 (en) * 2004-05-27 2008-10-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Low Pressure Discharge Lamp Comprising a Metal Halide

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3521111A (en) * 1965-10-01 1970-07-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Discharge lamp having a fill including mercury and gallium iodide

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3521111A (en) * 1965-10-01 1970-07-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Discharge lamp having a fill including mercury and gallium iodide

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3911308A (en) * 1974-02-07 1975-10-07 Matsushita Electronics Corp High-pressure metal-vapor discharge lamp
US4021696A (en) * 1975-02-14 1977-05-03 Itt Industries, Inc. Ultraviolet discharge lamp
EP0344732A1 (de) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-06 Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh Metallhalogenid-Entladungslampen
US5798612A (en) * 1994-10-26 1998-08-25 Dirks; Joachim Metal-halide discharge lamp for photo-optical purposes
US20050052140A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-10 Lg Electronics Inc. Plasma lamp system and bulb therefor
US7161303B2 (en) * 2003-09-08 2007-01-09 Lg Electronics, Inc. Plasma lighting system and bulb therefor
US20080258623A1 (en) * 2004-05-27 2008-10-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Low Pressure Discharge Lamp Comprising a Metal Halide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2137695B1 (de) 1980-02-15
JPS52314B1 (de) 1977-01-06
DE2222821B2 (de) 1973-11-22
DE2222821A1 (de) 1973-01-04
FR2137695A1 (de) 1972-12-29

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