US3767391A - Tarnish resistant alloy - Google Patents

Tarnish resistant alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
US3767391A
US3767391A US00825943A US3767391DA US3767391A US 3767391 A US3767391 A US 3767391A US 00825943 A US00825943 A US 00825943A US 3767391D A US3767391D A US 3767391DA US 3767391 A US3767391 A US 3767391A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
alloy
tarnish
copper
silver
sulfur
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00825943A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Tuccillo
J Nielsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
J F JELENKO & Co 99 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE ARMONK NEW YORK 10504
Pennwalt Corp
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Pennwalt Corp
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Publication of US3767391A publication Critical patent/US3767391A/en
Assigned to J. F. JELENKO & CO. 99 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE, ARMONK, NEW YORK 10504 reassignment J. F. JELENKO & CO. 99 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE, ARMONK, NEW YORK 10504 ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: PENNWALT CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
    • A61K6/84—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising metals or alloys
    • A61K6/844—Noble metals

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT copper wherein the silver-to-copper weight ratio is from 1:1 to 15:1.
  • the good sulfur tarnish-resistance of the new alloy is demonstrated by the following examples in which the new alloy (specimens H to K) is compared to a high precious metal-content alloy (specimen G) as well as to alloys prepared in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 3,424,577 and alloys wherein the proportions of constituents are outside of the critical, claimed ranges (specimens A to F).
  • the term other metals refers to minor amounts of the non-essential constituents mentioned above.
  • Tarnishing is herein defined as the microscopic (100 X magnification) detectable discoloration of an alloy caused by a thin adherent layer of reaction products, such as oxide and sulfides, induced by chemical reaction between the metal constituents and substances in the environment in which it is placed.
  • reaction products such as oxide and sulfides
  • jewelry made from such a tarnish-prone alloy will eventually present an unattractive appearance when subjected to a somewhat moist atmosphere were sulfur oxides content is higher than normally encountered.
  • a tarnish-prone alloy used in the dental field is particularly subject to sulfur blemishment, especially when the wearer of the dental appliance enjoys a diet of sulfurrich foods such as fish products.
  • alloy composition that is unexpectedly very resistant to tarnishing in the presence of sulfur and sulfur containing compounds in the environments as set forth above, said alloy comprising 39 to 47% gold, 9 to 12% palladium, and the balance silver and copper wherein the silver to copper ratio is from 1:1 to 1.5 :l.
  • the gold content is about 40% to 42%
  • palladium is 9% to about 10%
  • the ratio of silver to copper about 1.2:1 to about 1.4: l.
  • the most preferred alloys have a silver-to-copper ratio of about 1.4:1 and a gold content of about 42%. It is essential, however, that the alloy contain at least 9% palladium to achieve the tarnish resistant properties desired.
  • the alloy may contain minor amounts, i.e., up to l or 2%, of other modifying but non-essential metals, such as zinc, nickel, indium, tin, iridium and others and combinations thereof.
  • the tarnish resistance of the alloys embodied in this invention is comparable to the very expensive alloys having high precious metal content, for example, in the The following test procedure is used to determine resistance to tarnishing. A cast specimen of the alloy to be tested is mounted in clear Lucite resin, then wet surface ground through 600 silicon carbide grit and polished with aluminum oxide on a rotating velvet cloth.
  • the tarnish test apparatus consists of a plastic, vertically rotating wheel with eight one-inch diameter holes along its periphery in which the standard metallographically mounted specimens are clamped.
  • the wheel is rotated at one revolution per minute with the lower third of the wheel submerged in anaqueous solution of 5% sodium sulfide, at room temperature.
  • the height of the aqueous solution is adjusted to allow each specimen to be alternately immersed and withdrawn for 15 seconds and 45 seconds per revolution, respectively.
  • the alloy specimens A through F are unacceptably tarnished.
  • the high precious metal-content alloy specimen G shows no incipient tarnish until 700 revolutions in the apparatus are completed.
  • the lower cost alloy of this invention also performs remarkably well; specimens H, l, J and K first show incipient tarnish after 700 revolutions.
  • thevalloy specimens A F show increased tarnish, whereas additional tarnish formation on the alloys of this invention is not significant.
  • An alloy resistant to surfur tarnish when placed in an environment in which said alloy is contacted by sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds said alloy consisting essentially of 39 to 47 weight percent gold, 9 to 12 weight percent palladium, and the balance silver and copper wherein the silver to copper weight ratio is in the range of 1:1 to 1.5:].

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)
US00825943A 1969-05-19 1969-05-19 Tarnish resistant alloy Expired - Lifetime US3767391A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US82594369A 1969-05-19 1969-05-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3767391A true US3767391A (en) 1973-10-23

Family

ID=25245289

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00825943A Expired - Lifetime US3767391A (en) 1969-05-19 1969-05-19 Tarnish resistant alloy

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3767391A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4946208B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2019790A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2047819A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1296879A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3925066A (en) * 1974-06-19 1975-12-09 Edward Louis Kohrn Gold/silver alloys
USB483256I5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-06-15 1976-02-10
US4008080A (en) * 1974-11-13 1977-02-15 Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler Copper free dental gold alloys
US4123262A (en) * 1977-07-06 1978-10-31 Pennwalt Corporation Dental gold alloy
US4266973A (en) * 1979-12-14 1981-05-12 The J. M. Ney Company Tarnish-resistant gold color alloy and dental restorations employing same
US4389370A (en) * 1981-05-06 1983-06-21 Skalabrin Nicholas J Low gold content dental alloy
US4459263A (en) * 1982-09-08 1984-07-10 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Cobalt-chromium dental alloys containing ruthenium and aluminum
US4530664A (en) * 1980-09-29 1985-07-23 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Cobalt-chromium alloys
US4557895A (en) * 1984-12-10 1985-12-10 Herff Jones, Inc. Yellow gold alloy
WO1999051363A1 (en) * 1998-04-03 1999-10-14 Olin Corporation Tin coatings incorporating selected elemental additions
US6071471A (en) * 1997-07-31 2000-06-06 Harry Winston Inc. Composition for jewelry
US6136460A (en) * 1998-04-03 2000-10-24 Olin Corporation Tin coatings incorporating selected elemental additions to reduce discoloration
US6835252B1 (en) 2004-04-21 2004-12-28 Martin Buchtenirch Gold colored alloy used for dentistry and jewelry
WO2008149886A1 (ja) 2007-06-06 2008-12-11 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. プローブピン用材料

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020105614A (ja) * 2018-12-28 2020-07-09 重靖 成瀬 宝飾用ｋ１０金合金

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1339009A (en) * 1918-09-21 1920-05-04 Baker & Co Inc Alloy
US1987452A (en) * 1934-11-26 1935-01-08 Spyco Smelting And Refining Co Precious metal alloy composition
US1987451A (en) * 1934-09-26 1935-01-08 Spyco Smelting And Refining Co Precious metal alloy composition
US2050040A (en) * 1934-09-27 1936-08-04 Richard L Coleman Dental alloy
US2050077A (en) * 1934-08-01 1936-08-04 Int Nickel Co Palladium dental alloy
GB508669A (en) * 1939-02-16 1939-07-04 Heraeus Gmbh W C Alloys for articles of jewellery and rings
US2200050A (en) * 1937-04-23 1940-05-07 W C Heracus G M B H Alloy
CH211340A (de) * 1937-11-05 1940-09-15 Degussa Lotlegierung.
US2216495A (en) * 1938-02-02 1940-10-01 Chemical Marketing Company Inc Manufacture of gold alloys
US2270594A (en) * 1937-11-05 1942-01-20 Chemical Marketing Company Inc Soldering alloy
CH219711A (de) * 1939-07-20 1942-02-28 Degussa Legierung für zahntechnische Zwecke.
US2274863A (en) * 1937-11-05 1942-03-03 Leuser Josef Soldering alloy
CH222301A (de) * 1939-07-28 1942-07-15 Degussa Dentallegierung.
US2298261A (en) * 1940-11-29 1942-10-06 Baker & Co Inc Pen
US2304416A (en) * 1939-08-25 1942-12-08 Chemical Marketing Company Inc Dental alloy
GB620031A (en) * 1944-06-26 1949-03-18 Joseph Reich Precious metal alloys for dental purposes and manner of making them
US2572377A (en) * 1949-12-06 1951-10-23 Columbus Dental Mfg Co Bimetallic backing for artificial teeth

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1339009A (en) * 1918-09-21 1920-05-04 Baker & Co Inc Alloy
US2050077A (en) * 1934-08-01 1936-08-04 Int Nickel Co Palladium dental alloy
US1987451A (en) * 1934-09-26 1935-01-08 Spyco Smelting And Refining Co Precious metal alloy composition
US2050040A (en) * 1934-09-27 1936-08-04 Richard L Coleman Dental alloy
US1987452A (en) * 1934-11-26 1935-01-08 Spyco Smelting And Refining Co Precious metal alloy composition
US2200050A (en) * 1937-04-23 1940-05-07 W C Heracus G M B H Alloy
US2270594A (en) * 1937-11-05 1942-01-20 Chemical Marketing Company Inc Soldering alloy
US2274863A (en) * 1937-11-05 1942-03-03 Leuser Josef Soldering alloy
CH211340A (de) * 1937-11-05 1940-09-15 Degussa Lotlegierung.
US2216495A (en) * 1938-02-02 1940-10-01 Chemical Marketing Company Inc Manufacture of gold alloys
GB508669A (en) * 1939-02-16 1939-07-04 Heraeus Gmbh W C Alloys for articles of jewellery and rings
CH219711A (de) * 1939-07-20 1942-02-28 Degussa Legierung für zahntechnische Zwecke.
CH222301A (de) * 1939-07-28 1942-07-15 Degussa Dentallegierung.
US2304416A (en) * 1939-08-25 1942-12-08 Chemical Marketing Company Inc Dental alloy
US2298261A (en) * 1940-11-29 1942-10-06 Baker & Co Inc Pen
GB620031A (en) * 1944-06-26 1949-03-18 Joseph Reich Precious metal alloys for dental purposes and manner of making them
US2572377A (en) * 1949-12-06 1951-10-23 Columbus Dental Mfg Co Bimetallic backing for artificial teeth

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USB483256I5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-06-15 1976-02-10
US3981723A (en) * 1973-06-15 1976-09-21 Pennwalt Corporation White gold alloy
US3925066A (en) * 1974-06-19 1975-12-09 Edward Louis Kohrn Gold/silver alloys
US4008080A (en) * 1974-11-13 1977-02-15 Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler Copper free dental gold alloys
US4123262A (en) * 1977-07-06 1978-10-31 Pennwalt Corporation Dental gold alloy
US4266973A (en) * 1979-12-14 1981-05-12 The J. M. Ney Company Tarnish-resistant gold color alloy and dental restorations employing same
US4530664A (en) * 1980-09-29 1985-07-23 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Cobalt-chromium alloys
US4389370A (en) * 1981-05-06 1983-06-21 Skalabrin Nicholas J Low gold content dental alloy
US4459263A (en) * 1982-09-08 1984-07-10 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Cobalt-chromium dental alloys containing ruthenium and aluminum
US4557895A (en) * 1984-12-10 1985-12-10 Herff Jones, Inc. Yellow gold alloy
US6071471A (en) * 1997-07-31 2000-06-06 Harry Winston Inc. Composition for jewelry
WO1999051363A1 (en) * 1998-04-03 1999-10-14 Olin Corporation Tin coatings incorporating selected elemental additions
US6136460A (en) * 1998-04-03 2000-10-24 Olin Corporation Tin coatings incorporating selected elemental additions to reduce discoloration
US6183886B1 (en) 1998-04-03 2001-02-06 Olin Corporation Tin coatings incorporating selected elemental additions to reduce discoloration
US6835252B1 (en) 2004-04-21 2004-12-28 Martin Buchtenirch Gold colored alloy used for dentistry and jewelry
WO2008149886A1 (ja) 2007-06-06 2008-12-11 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. プローブピン用材料
US20100176833A1 (en) * 2007-06-06 2010-07-15 Naoki Morita Probe pin
EP2159581A4 (en) * 2007-06-06 2011-06-29 Tanaka Precious Metal Ind MATERIAL FOR PROBE POINT
CN101715559B (zh) * 2007-06-06 2012-09-26 田中贵金属工业株式会社 探针
US8310254B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2012-11-13 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. Probe pin

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2047819A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-12
JPS4946208B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-09
GB1296879A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-22
DE2019790A1 (de) 1970-11-26

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AS Assignment

Owner name: J. F. JELENKO & CO. 99 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE, ARMONK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PENNWALT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004554/0267