US3766976A - Integral fin evaporator - Google Patents

Integral fin evaporator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3766976A
US3766976A US00194232A US3766976DA US3766976A US 3766976 A US3766976 A US 3766976A US 00194232 A US00194232 A US 00194232A US 3766976D A US3766976D A US 3766976DA US 3766976 A US3766976 A US 3766976A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coils
evaporator
fins
tubular member
adjacent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00194232A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Gelbard
N Haag
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
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Publication of US3766976A publication Critical patent/US3766976A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F25D17/062—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation in household refrigerators
    • F25D17/065—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation in household refrigerators with compartments at different temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/065—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air return
    • F25D2317/0653—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air return through the mullion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
    • F25D2400/04—Refrigerators with a horizontal mullion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/228—Heat exchange with fan or pump
    • Y10S165/302—Rotary gas pump
    • Y10S165/317—Axial impeller located at heat-exchange housing outlet

Definitions

  • the evaporators comprise continuous lengths of refrigerant tubing having oneor more longitudinal flanges extending outwardly from the tubing wall, these flanges being slit to provide a plurality of individual fins which may be alternately bent laterally from the original plane of the flange or twisted to induce a better heat exchange contact between the heat exchange surfaces and the surrounding air.
  • the tubing has been coiled or bent to form an evaporator structure in which the fins form an exterior surface of the final structure. Examples of such evaporator structures will be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,963,779 Mosgard-Jensen; 3,294,162-Loehlein et al. and 3,368,615Brown et al.
  • the frost tolerance may be low due to the lack of space in an evaporator chamber to properly arrange the tube and fin surfaces as compared with the older well known plate-on-tube evaporators in which the air passages through the evaporator are defined by the spaces between the plate-like fins.
  • the leading or upstream fins on such evaporators are rather quickly bridged by condensed and frozen moisture from the air being cooled with the resultant marked decrease in the heat transfer rate and in many cases a serious interference with the air flow through the evaporator.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an evaporator unit comprising an integal pin fin heat exchange surface characterized by the fact that the entire exterior surface of the unit is free of fins.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an evaporator unit in the form of a coiled tubular evaporator unit in which the pin fin heat exchange surfaces are so positioned that substantial accumulation of frost thereon will not interfere .withthe air flow through the evaporator structure.
  • a refrigerant evaporator unit comprising a helically coiled tubular member in which the coils thereof are spaced from one another.
  • the tubular member includes a longitudinally extending flange integral therewith which is divided into a plurality of pin fins, the member being coiled so that all of the fins extend radially inwardly from the coils whereby the tubular member defines a fin-free exterior surface of the evaporator.
  • the individual fins are laterally offset from one another but are spaced from the fins on adjacent coils.
  • the air to be cooled is circulated through the evaporator unit in a direction perpendicular to the axes of the coils so that even a substantial accumulation offrost on the fins will not significantly decrease the air flow.
  • FIG. 1 is avertical side elevational view through a portion of a refrigerator embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken generally along line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the evaporator tubing and fin structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a segmental view of adjacent coils of the evaporator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the finned tubular member employed in the practice of the present invention.
  • the llustrated refrigerato comprises an upper below-freezing or freezer compartment 1 and a lower above-freezing or fresh food storage compartment 2 separated by an insulated partition generally indicated by the numeral 3.
  • the partition 3 includes upper and lower walls 4 and 5 and opposed side walls 7 (FIG. 2) defining an evaporator chamber 6.
  • a fan 8 is provided for withdrawing air from the two storage compartments through passages 9 and 10, in the partition at the forward or inlet end of theevaporator chamber and returning cooled air to the compartments through passages 11 and 12 at the rear or outlet end of the evaporator chamber 6.
  • the evaporator of the present invention generally indicated by the numeral 14 in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing is positioned transversely of the evaporator chamber 6. It comprises a tubular member 15 forming the refrigerant conduit coiled to have a substantially helical form with adjacent coils l6 spaced from one another to form an open helix.
  • the extended heat transfer surface for transferring heat from a stream of air passed over the evaporator to the refrigerant flowing through the tubular member 15 comprises a plurality of pin fins 17 extending generally radially inwardly from the coils so that all of the fin structure is within the area or volume encompassed by the coils 16.
  • the pin fins 17 are preferably spaced apart as by angularly bending the fins in opposite lateral directions as illustrated in FIGS. 4, and 6 of the drawing to provide offset pins in the path of air flowing through the evaporator. For example, two adjacent fins are spread to form an angle of about with one another, while the next two adjacent fins are spread to a larger'angle of, for example, 30. However, as shown in FIG. 4 of the drawing the fins are notbent or laterally offset a distance such that they contact the fins on adjacent loops or coils but rather leave a space indicated by the numeral 18 between the adjacent coils or loops and their integral fin structures.
  • the heat exchanger is preferably made from an extruded aluminum tube stock having a single longitudinally extending flange which is then slit transversely using any suitable slitting means such as that shown in the aforementioned Mosgard-Jensen patent to leave a relatively narrow portion 19 of the original flange adjacent the tube surface as illustrated in FIG. 3 of the drawing.
  • the pin fins formed by the slitting operation are then offset after which the tubular member is formed into a helix with the fins extending radially inwardly.
  • the finished helical coil may then be partially flattened to an elliptical form as illustratedin FIG. 1 of the drawing. In either the truly circular or the elliptical form the fins on opposite sides of the coil terminate short of the center line or axis of the helix.
  • the evaporator 14 actually comprises two helically coiled portions extending parallel to one another and transversely of the chamber 6, one coiled section 20 of which is partially straightened and deformed to provide the connection between the two sections at one side of the evaporator.
  • a particular advantage of the evaporator of the present invention as compared with prior art evaporators is that in its finished form all of the fin structure is within the volume occupied by the tubular member or in other words the entire outer surface of the evaporator is defined by the smooth surfaces of the tubular member.
  • the evaporator can be readily handled during assembly thereof into the refrigerator.
  • the tubing portion of the evaporator does not have to be bent around as tight a radii as for example in the aforementioned Mosgard-Jensen structure in order that the evaporator be contained within a reasonable volume.
  • the evaporator preferably completely fills the chamber 6 insofar as its lateral dimensions are concerned.
  • the portions of the coil surfaces adjacent the walls 4 and 5 are substantially in contact therewith, thus providing for the placement of a maximum length of the tubular member within the volume of the evaporator chamber and at the same time providing adequate extended surface area.
  • the subject evaporator construction is not limited to a single heat exchanger size.
  • the evaporator width, depth and thickness can be varied through a large range by changing the number of coils, size of the coils, the number of rows of coils and the amount of coil flattening.
  • the heat transfer per cubic inch of evaporator envelope or displacement has been found to be substantially equal to the best refrigerator plate fin evaporators presently employed in the forced air circulation refrigerators of the type illustrated.
  • the coiled evaporator design of the present invention for most applications, has an advantage in material cost over the known coiled integral fin evapora tors in which the fins extend outwardly from the evaporator structure as well as over the known plate fin evaporator consturctions.
  • the evaporator is periodically defrosted by use of a radiant heater such as that described in Turner US. Pat. No. 3,280,581.
  • a radiant heater such as that described in Turner US. Pat. No. 3,280,581.
  • Such a heater indicated generally by the numeral 22 in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing, is positioned to one side of a coil section or when more than one section is employed is positioned between and parallel to the adjacent sections as illustrated in the drawing. Due to the open coil structure, heat from a radiant heater so placed will rapidly warm all portions of the evaporator to defrosting temperatures.
  • a refrigerator evaporator unit comprising a hellcally coiled tubular member comprising a plurality of spaced coils, said member having a longitudinally extending flange integral therewith divided into a plurality of pin fins, all of the fins on said member extending radially inwardly from said coils whereby said tubular member defines a fin-free exterior surface of said evaporator, and
  • a refrigerant evaporator unit comprising an evaporator including a tubular member coiled to form a plurality of subsantially co-axial, spaced coils, said tubular member having a plurality of spaced pin fins integral with said member and arranged substantially longitudinally thereof, all of the fins on said member extending substantially radially inward from said member and terminating short of the axes of said coils; and
  • a refrigerant evaporator according to claim 3 in which adjacent pin fins are laterally offset from one another without overlapping the fins on adjacent coils.
  • a refrigerant evaporator according to claim 3 in which said coils are of substantially elliptical shape.
  • a refrigerant evaporator unit comprising: I an evaporator including a tubular member bent to form at least two interconnected helically coiled portions, the longitudinal axes of which are substantially parallel and the individual coils of which are spaced from one another; said tubular member including a plurality of longitudinally aligned pin fins, all of the fins on said member extending radially inwardly of said individual coils whereby the tubular member defines a finfree exterior surface of said evaporator unit, and
  • a refrigerator evaporator unit in which said coils are substantially elliptical and the air stream flows parallel to the longer axis of said elliptical coils.
  • a refrigerator including an evaporator chamber and means for circulating a stream of air to be cooled through said chamber;
  • an evaporator in said chamber comprising a tubular member coiled to form a plurality of substantially co-axial coils, said tubular member having a plurality of spaced pin fins integral with said member and arranged longitudinally thereof, all of the fins on said member being within the confines of said coils and terminating short of the axes thereof;
  • said evaporator being positioned in said chamber with the axes of said coils substantially perpendicular to the path of said air stream.
  • a refrigerator including an evaporator chamber having an air inlet adjacent one end thereof and an air outlet adjacent the other end and an evaporator in said chamber;
  • said evaporator comprising a tubular member bent to form at least two interconnected spaced helically coiled portions, the longitudinal axes of which are sub-stantially parallel;
  • tubular member including a plurality of longitudinally aligned pin fins, all of the fins on said member extending substantially radially inwardly of said coils whereby the tubular member defines a finfree exterior surface of said heat exchanger;
  • said evaporator being positioned in said chamber with the axes of said coiled portions extending transversely of said chamber and the tubular member closely adjacent the adjacent walls of said chamber.
  • a refrigerator according to claim 9 in which at least some of said pin fins are laterally displaced from adjacent pin fins.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)
US00194232A 1971-11-01 1971-11-01 Integral fin evaporator Expired - Lifetime US3766976A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19423271A 1971-11-01 1971-11-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3766976A true US3766976A (en) 1973-10-23

Family

ID=22716805

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00194232A Expired - Lifetime US3766976A (en) 1971-11-01 1971-11-01 Integral fin evaporator

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3766976A (OSRAM)
JP (3) JPS5236311B2 (OSRAM)
AU (1) AU459346B2 (OSRAM)
BR (1) BR7207614D0 (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2252732C2 (OSRAM)
ES (1) ES408106A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2158283B1 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1407463A (OSRAM)
IT (1) IT970065B (OSRAM)
MX (1) MX147239A (OSRAM)
TR (1) TR17305A (OSRAM)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3939907A (en) * 1974-05-21 1976-02-24 Skvarenina John A Rotary compressor and condenser for refrigerating systems
JPS5393456A (en) * 1977-01-28 1978-08-16 Hitachi Ltd Heat exchanger
US4175617A (en) * 1977-12-27 1979-11-27 General Electric Company Skewed turn coiled tube heat exchanger for refrigerator evaporators
US4509335A (en) * 1984-06-25 1985-04-09 General Electric Company Pre-assembled cooling and air circulating module for a household refrigerator
US4543799A (en) * 1984-08-23 1985-10-01 General Electric Company Household refrigerator with air circulating and cooling arrangement
NL1005649C2 (nl) * 1997-03-26 1998-09-29 Fasto Nefit Bv Warmtewisselaar, en buis voor de vervaardiging van een dergelijke warmtewisselaar.
US6209342B1 (en) 1999-01-04 2001-04-03 Camco Inc. Refrigerator evaporator housing
US20070125528A1 (en) * 2003-12-30 2007-06-07 Ahmad Fakheri Finned helicoidal heat exchanger
US20080307818A1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2008-12-18 Lg Electronics Inc. Refrigerator
US20100071874A1 (en) * 2008-09-22 2010-03-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Food heat-exchange device and refrigerator having the same
CN110486987A (zh) * 2019-09-11 2019-11-22 武汉亚格光电技术股份有限公司 藕芯式制冷蒸发器

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53104455A (en) * 1977-02-23 1978-09-11 Hitachi Ltd Heat exhanger
DE3331186A1 (de) * 1983-08-30 1985-03-14 Spiro Research B.V., Helmond Heizungsrohr mit eckigem bedrahtungsprofil
US6185957B1 (en) * 1999-09-07 2001-02-13 Modine Manufacturing Company Combined evaporator/accumulator/suctionline heat exchanger
DE102014218411A1 (de) * 2014-09-15 2016-03-17 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Kältegerät mit mehreren Lagerkammern

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2962870A (en) * 1958-01-20 1960-12-06 Revco Inc Defrosting system and apparatus
US3343596A (en) * 1965-06-30 1967-09-26 Peerless Of America Heat exchanger and defroster therefor
US3368615A (en) * 1965-12-02 1968-02-13 Gen Motors Corp Heat exchanger construction

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2963779A (en) * 1958-06-30 1960-12-13 Gen Electric Method of making heat exchange structures
US3294162A (en) * 1963-12-23 1966-12-27 Reynolds Metals Co Heat exchanger construction and method for making the same
US3320761A (en) * 1965-05-12 1967-05-23 Gen Electric Single evaporator, single fan combination refrigerator
US3495657A (en) * 1968-11-01 1970-02-17 Olin Mathieson Finned tube

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2962870A (en) * 1958-01-20 1960-12-06 Revco Inc Defrosting system and apparatus
US3343596A (en) * 1965-06-30 1967-09-26 Peerless Of America Heat exchanger and defroster therefor
US3368615A (en) * 1965-12-02 1968-02-13 Gen Motors Corp Heat exchanger construction

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3939907A (en) * 1974-05-21 1976-02-24 Skvarenina John A Rotary compressor and condenser for refrigerating systems
JPS5393456A (en) * 1977-01-28 1978-08-16 Hitachi Ltd Heat exchanger
US4175617A (en) * 1977-12-27 1979-11-27 General Electric Company Skewed turn coiled tube heat exchanger for refrigerator evaporators
US4509335A (en) * 1984-06-25 1985-04-09 General Electric Company Pre-assembled cooling and air circulating module for a household refrigerator
US4543799A (en) * 1984-08-23 1985-10-01 General Electric Company Household refrigerator with air circulating and cooling arrangement
DE3529545A1 (de) * 1984-08-23 1986-02-27 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. Haushalts-kuehlgeraet mit einer luftumwaelz- und kuehlanordnung
NL1005649C2 (nl) * 1997-03-26 1998-09-29 Fasto Nefit Bv Warmtewisselaar, en buis voor de vervaardiging van een dergelijke warmtewisselaar.
EP0867666A1 (de) * 1997-03-26 1998-09-30 Nefit Fasto B.V. Wärmetauscher, und Rohr zur Herstellung eines solchen Wärmetauschers
US6209342B1 (en) 1999-01-04 2001-04-03 Camco Inc. Refrigerator evaporator housing
US20070125528A1 (en) * 2003-12-30 2007-06-07 Ahmad Fakheri Finned helicoidal heat exchanger
US20080307818A1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2008-12-18 Lg Electronics Inc. Refrigerator
US8813516B2 (en) * 2005-10-27 2014-08-26 Lg Electronics Inc. Refrigerator with visible light radiation
US20100071874A1 (en) * 2008-09-22 2010-03-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Food heat-exchange device and refrigerator having the same
US8261572B2 (en) * 2008-09-22 2012-09-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Food heat-exchange device and refrigerator having the same
CN110486987A (zh) * 2019-09-11 2019-11-22 武汉亚格光电技术股份有限公司 藕芯式制冷蒸发器
CN110486987B (zh) * 2019-09-11 2024-04-09 武汉亚格光电技术股份有限公司 藕芯式制冷蒸发器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4800572A (en) 1974-04-26
JPS5236311B2 (OSRAM) 1977-09-14
FR2158283B1 (OSRAM) 1976-10-29
JPS54136459A (en) 1979-10-23
JPS54132865U (OSRAM) 1979-09-14
FR2158283A1 (OSRAM) 1973-06-15
AU459346B2 (en) 1975-03-20
JPS4857253A (OSRAM) 1973-08-11
IT970065B (it) 1974-04-10
ES408106A1 (es) 1975-10-01
BR7207614D0 (pt) 1973-11-01
GB1407463A (en) 1975-09-24
DE2252732A1 (de) 1973-05-17
JPS5623663Y2 (OSRAM) 1981-06-03
MX147239A (es) 1982-10-28
TR17305A (tr) 1975-03-24
DE2252732C2 (de) 1985-11-14

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