US3766502A - Cooling device for superconducting coils - Google Patents

Cooling device for superconducting coils Download PDF

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Publication number
US3766502A
US3766502A US00144115A US3766502DA US3766502A US 3766502 A US3766502 A US 3766502A US 00144115 A US00144115 A US 00144115A US 3766502D A US3766502D A US 3766502DA US 3766502 A US3766502 A US 3766502A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
turns
coil
liquefied gas
metallic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00144115A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Bronca
C Lefrancois
I Hlasnik
J Poullange
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/02—Quenching; Protection arrangements during quenching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/884—Conductor
    • Y10S505/885—Cooling, or feeding, circulating, or distributing fluid; in superconductive apparatus

Definitions

  • the de- [22] Flled: May 1971 vice comprises an assembly of thin metallic filaments [2]] App ⁇ 15 which is mounted between the different turns of the coil.
  • the filaments are electrically insulated from each other and in thermal contact with the turns of the [30] Foreign Application Prlm'ity Data winding and with a bath of liquefied gas.
  • This invention relates to a cooling device for superconducting coils which are primarily intended to operate in the presence of variable magnetic fields.
  • T represents the critical temperature of the material at the value of induction B considered
  • J represents the critical density of superconducting current at a temperature T and at a value of induction B.
  • T is of a high order such as Nb sn, for example.
  • T is in the vicinity of 6 K in the case of niobium-titanium.
  • a temperature rise of 02 K therefore corresponds to a reduction of J of the order of 10 percent.
  • the losses per cubic centimeter and per cycle in the case of niobium-titanium filaments having a diameter of 10 microns and subjected to a pulsed induction having an amplitude of 6 Teslas are of the order of 6 X 10 joules.
  • the first method which permits construction of compact coils having good mechanical strength gives rise at the present time to excessive values of heat build-up as a result of insufficient apparent thermal conductivity of the coil.
  • the second method produces good results insofar as the system of ducts actually permits the circulation of the liquefied gas, which presupposes either a thermo-siphon effect entailing the need for a system of ducts which are oriented in a direction in the vicinity of the vertical or a forced circulation of gas.
  • the practical application of a method of this type is liable to involve heavy capital expenditure.
  • the thickness of the ducts must be greater than a few tenths of a millimeter, thereby substantially reducing the coefficient of filling of the coil with the turns of superconducting material. Moreover, this method is not conductive to mechanical strength of the coil.
  • This invention relates to a cooling device which is designed and arranged to increase the apparent thermal conductivity of a superconducting coil to a considerable extent while circumventing the disadvantages of arrangements of the prior art. More specifically, the invention applies to a superconducting coil which is subjected to a variable magnetic field and constituted by a multi-turn winding of a superconducting element and in which a thermal contact is established between all the turns of the coil and a bath of liquefied gas which surrounds said coil.
  • the device under consideration essentially comprises an assembly of thin metallic filaments which is mounted between the different turns of the coil, said filaments being electrically insulated from each other and in thermal contact on the one hand with the turns of the winding and on the other hand with a bath of liquefied gas.
  • transverse cross-section of the filaments as a surface for heat transfer with the liquefied gas.
  • This transverse cross-section is bared after impregnation by grinding the external surface of the coil,
  • FIG. 1 shows a multi-layer superconducting coil provided with a cooling device in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a wafer-type superconducting coil which constitutes an alternative form of construction
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged detail of a part of FIG. 2 showing gas circulation ducts in the beads.
  • the coil which is illustrated in FIG. 1 is made up of v a plurality of layersl of consecutive turns formed of superconducting wires or strips 2 and especially of niobium-titanium.
  • Each layer 1 of wires is separated from the adjacent layer by metallic filaments 3 having high thermal conductivity and formed, for example, of annealed copper having a very high degree of purity.
  • Said metallic filaments 3 have small transverse dimensions of the order of 100 microns and are electrically insulated by means of a material 2a such as polyester, polyvinylacetal or epoxy varnish filled with heat conducting powders.
  • the wires 2 may have a flattened shape in order to improve the thermal contact with the filaments which can also have a flattened shape.
  • One or both ends of the filaments 3 which are associated with each layer and stripped of their electric insulation are embedded in a metallic bead 4 which is immersed in a bath of liquefied gas, especially external liquid helium.
  • the filaments 3 are cut at 5 in order to prevent formation of closed conductive loops.
  • the device of FIG. 2 is an alternative embodiment in which the same reference numerals are employed to designatethe corresponding elements for the sake of enhanced clarity.
  • the turns constitute wafers such as those which are designated by the reference numerals 6 and 7, said wafers being separated by metallic filaments 3 which are insulated but disposed radially.
  • the outer extremities of these filaments 3 are also embedded in a metallic bead 4.
  • each filament can also be joined to a second bead if the internal diameter of the coil so permits, in which case the filaments are cut at 5.
  • the method of cooling superconducting coils which are subjected to a variable magnetic regime reconciles the advantages of the two methods at present in use (impregnation of the winding and system of ducts). These advantages lie in compactness of the coil, good mechanical strength and a high value of occupation by the superconductor, good cooling of the coil and simplification of the cryostat.
  • a cooling device for a superconducting coil constituted by a winding of continuous turns of a superconducting element, wherein said device comprises an assembly of thin metallic filaments which is mounted between the different turns of the coil, said filaments being electrically insulated from each other and in thermal contact with the turns of the winding and with a bath of liquefied gas.
  • a device wherein the surface which provides heat transfer between the metallic fila-' ments and the bath of liquefied gas is defined by metallic beads in which the ends of said filaments are embedded after said ends have previously been stripped of insulation.
  • a device wherein the ends of the metallic filaments which have been stripped of insulation are immersed in the bath of liquefied gas.
  • a device wherein the thermal contact between the filaments and the liquefied gas is established within ducts for the circulation of said gas.
  • thermo contact between the turns of the coil and the filaments is established by impregnating the turns with electric insulating material which is filled with heatconducting powders.
  • the metallic filaments are a metal having high purity selected from the group consisting of silver, aluminum and copper annealed after fabrication of said, filaments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US00144115A 1970-05-15 1971-05-17 Cooling device for superconducting coils Expired - Lifetime US3766502A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7017906A FR2088092B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-05-15 1970-05-15

Publications (1)

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US3766502A true US3766502A (en) 1973-10-16

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US00144115A Expired - Lifetime US3766502A (en) 1970-05-15 1971-05-17 Cooling device for superconducting coils

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3766502A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE765375A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH528161A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2123106B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES391216A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2088092B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1285844A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4623862A (en) 1984-12-27 1986-11-18 Ga Technologies Inc. Thermally stabilized superconductors
US4647888A (en) * 1985-05-09 1987-03-03 Ga Technologies Inc. High heat capacity composites for a superconductor
US4726199A (en) * 1984-09-17 1988-02-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Superconducting apparatus
US4969064A (en) * 1989-02-17 1990-11-06 Albert Shadowitz Apparatus with superconductors for producing intense magnetic fields
US6163241A (en) * 1999-08-31 2000-12-19 Stupak, Jr.; Joseph J. Coil and method for magnetizing an article
US20120088675A1 (en) * 2010-10-08 2012-04-12 David Pires Systems and devices for electrical filters
US20150145624A1 (en) * 2010-09-23 2015-05-28 Weinberg Medical Physics Llc Electromagnetic motor and other electromagnetic devices with integrated cooling
US11561269B2 (en) 2018-06-05 2023-01-24 D-Wave Systems Inc. Dynamical isolation of a cryogenic processor
US11730066B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2023-08-15 1372934 B.C. Ltd. Systems and methods for superconducting devices used in superconducting circuits and scalable computing
US11839164B2 (en) 2019-08-19 2023-12-05 D-Wave Systems Inc. Systems and methods for addressing devices in a superconducting circuit
US12373167B2 (en) * 2020-01-27 2025-07-29 1372934 B.C. Ltd. Systems and methods for variable bandwidth annealing
US12388452B2 (en) 2021-11-03 2025-08-12 1372934 B.C. Ltd. Systems and methods for duty cycle compensation of a digital to analog converter (DAC)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH552271A (de) * 1972-11-06 1974-07-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Impraegnierte wicklung aus supraleitendem leitermaterial und verfahren zur herstellung dieser wicklung mit mindestens einem kuehlkanal.
JPS59103548A (ja) * 1982-11-30 1984-06-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 超電導線輪

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3363207A (en) * 1966-09-19 1968-01-09 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Combined insulating and cryogen circulating means for a superconductive solenoid
US3444307A (en) * 1966-03-23 1969-05-13 Siemens Ag Cooling system for superconductive or cryogenic structures

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3444307A (en) * 1966-03-23 1969-05-13 Siemens Ag Cooling system for superconductive or cryogenic structures
US3363207A (en) * 1966-09-19 1968-01-09 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Combined insulating and cryogen circulating means for a superconductive solenoid

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4726199A (en) * 1984-09-17 1988-02-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Superconducting apparatus
US4623862A (en) 1984-12-27 1986-11-18 Ga Technologies Inc. Thermally stabilized superconductors
US4647888A (en) * 1985-05-09 1987-03-03 Ga Technologies Inc. High heat capacity composites for a superconductor
US4969064A (en) * 1989-02-17 1990-11-06 Albert Shadowitz Apparatus with superconductors for producing intense magnetic fields
US6163241A (en) * 1999-08-31 2000-12-19 Stupak, Jr.; Joseph J. Coil and method for magnetizing an article
US20150145624A1 (en) * 2010-09-23 2015-05-28 Weinberg Medical Physics Llc Electromagnetic motor and other electromagnetic devices with integrated cooling
US20120088675A1 (en) * 2010-10-08 2012-04-12 David Pires Systems and devices for electrical filters
US11730066B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2023-08-15 1372934 B.C. Ltd. Systems and methods for superconducting devices used in superconducting circuits and scalable computing
US11561269B2 (en) 2018-06-05 2023-01-24 D-Wave Systems Inc. Dynamical isolation of a cryogenic processor
US11874344B2 (en) 2018-06-05 2024-01-16 D-Wave Systems Inc. Dynamical isolation of a cryogenic processor
US11839164B2 (en) 2019-08-19 2023-12-05 D-Wave Systems Inc. Systems and methods for addressing devices in a superconducting circuit
US12373167B2 (en) * 2020-01-27 2025-07-29 1372934 B.C. Ltd. Systems and methods for variable bandwidth annealing
US12388452B2 (en) 2021-11-03 2025-08-12 1372934 B.C. Ltd. Systems and methods for duty cycle compensation of a digital to analog converter (DAC)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2123106A1 (de) 1971-11-25
BE765375A (fr) 1971-08-30
FR2088092B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-04-04
DE2123106B2 (de) 1979-11-08
FR2088092A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-01-07
GB1285844A (en) 1972-08-16
ES391216A1 (es) 1975-04-16
CH528161A (fr) 1972-09-15

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