US3766441A - Controlling and monitoring combustible gases - Google Patents

Controlling and monitoring combustible gases Download PDF

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Publication number
US3766441A
US3766441A US00035852A US3585270A US3766441A US 3766441 A US3766441 A US 3766441A US 00035852 A US00035852 A US 00035852A US 3585270 A US3585270 A US 3585270A US 3766441 A US3766441 A US 3766441A
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United States
Prior art keywords
switch
supply
gas
transistor
capacitor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00035852A
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English (en)
Inventor
S Gray
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/36—Spark ignition, e.g. by means of a high voltage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/06—Fail safe for flame failures

Definitions

  • the solenoid is energized from an AC supply via a thyristor switch.
  • an ionization current flows through the flame and is monitored to control the trigger electrode of the thyristor.
  • the thyristor is not triggered so that it remains cut-off and deenergizes the solenoid. This closes the gas valve to cut off the gas flow.
  • Triggering may take place through a phase advance circuit.
  • Ignition sparks may be provided by means of a capacitor and a step-up transformer arrangement in which the capacitor is periodically discharged through the thyristor to produce sparkpulses via the transformer.
  • the present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for controlling and monitoring a combustible gas.
  • the invention also relates to a method of and apparatus for igniting the combustible gas.
  • the present invention provides a method of monitoring and controlling a combustible gas, in which method a solenoid operable gas valve is provided which, when opened, allows a stream of said gasto pass to a burner.
  • the solenoid is energisable by current flowing through a semiconductor switch when in its conductive state.
  • An ionisation current which flows through the flame of the gas when ignited at the burner allows the switch to be triggered to render it conductive whereas in the ab sence of the flame the switch is prevented from being triggered to hold it non-conducting thereby closing the gas valve to cut off the gas stream to the burner.
  • Such a method may also incorporate a method of igniting the gas at the burner, in which ignition method a previously charged capacitor is periodically discharged through the switch to produce a train of sparks at the burner.
  • the switch at these periods is rendered conductive thereby energising the solenoid to allow the gas stream to pass to the burner.
  • the train of sparks may only be produced for a limited period, after which, if the gas is ignited, flame ionisation current causes the switch to be triggered, or if the gas is not ignited, the switch is prevented from being triggered.
  • the invention also provides apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention.
  • the solenoid operable gas valve may be energisable from an alternating supply.
  • the switch When the gas is ignited, the switch is triggered, at or near the beginning of each cycle of the alternating supply. Triggering takes place through a phase advance circuit.
  • the solenoid of the gas valve and the switch may be connected in series across the alternating supply.
  • the semiconductor switch may be a thyristor and a diode may be provided in the series connection betwen the solenoid and the thyristor, the diode being poled for conduction in the same direction as the thyristor.
  • the semiconductor switch may alternatively be a triac, i.e. a bi-directional semiconductor switch, and a diode may be provided in I the series connection between the solenoid and the triac.
  • the flame ionisation current may be applied to the base of a first transistor to render that transistor nonconducting during at least a portion of each cycle of the alternating supply, at least a part of this portion coinciding with the beginning of each cycle when the switch is to be triggered.
  • the first transistor is rendered conductive to prevent the switch from being triggered when the first transistormay be rendered conductive by a bias applied to its base derived from the alternating supply.
  • the switch When the flame ionisation current is available, the switch may be triggered from a resistor-capacitor circuit connected between one side of the alternating supply and the collector of the third transistor, the collector also being connected to the trigger electrode of the switch.
  • the emitter of the third transistor may be connected to the other side of the alternating supply to which the electrode of the switch remote from the solenoid also is connected. In the absence of this flame ionisation current the third transistor is rendered conductive bypassing the triggering current from the trigger electrode of the switch.
  • the invention also provides apparatus for igniting a combustible gas in which a capacitor is serially connected with the primary of a transformer, the resulting series circuit being connected in parallel with the switch.
  • the capacitor is charged from the alternating supply from the commencement of each cycle of the supply for a period until the switch is triggered.
  • the switch when periodically triggered, discharges the capacitor through the primary of the transformer to produce atrain of sparks across a spark gap located at the burner and connected across the secondary winding of the transformer.
  • the thyristor is triggered at between 30 and after the commencement of each cycle.
  • the train of sparks may be produced during a period commencing at or just after the energisation of the apparatus from the alternating supply and ending when the charge on a second capacitor in the bias circuit for the base of the first transistor has reached a given level.
  • the switch may be triggered at or near the commencement of each cycle if the gas has ignited, or if the gas has not ignited, the switch may be prevented from being triggered. If the gas has not been ignited, the train of sparks may not be reproduced until the apparatus has been disconnected and subsequently reconnected to the alternating supply.
  • a, switch may be provided for discharging the second capacitor. After discharging the second capacitor, a second period maybe provided during which a further train of sparks may be produced and the solenoid reenergised.
  • Thyristor SCR is shunted by a series circuit formed by a capacitor C4 and the primary winding of a transformer T, the secondary winding of this transformer having its terminals connected to the gas burner B, which is at earth potential, and an ignition electrode 1 which forms a spark gap.
  • a further electrode M provided adjacent to the burner B is returned through a resistor R3 to the base of an npn transistor TRl whose emitter is directly connected to the supply line L.
  • the base of transistor TRl is also coupled to the supply line L through a capacitor C2 and is additionally connected to the junction of a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 through a further resistor R2.
  • the terminal of capacitor C1 remote from this junction is connected to the supply line L while the terminal of resistor R1 remote from the junction is connected through a diode D1 to the junction of a pair of serially connected resistors R6, R7.
  • the collector of transistor TRl is connected through a resistor R4 to the supply line N and is directly connected to the base of a further npn transistor TR2 and through a diode D2 to the supply line L.
  • the emitter electrode of transistor TR2 is directly connected to the supply line L while its collector electrode is connected through a resistor R5 to the junction of the serially connected resistors R6, R7.
  • transistor TR2 is connected to the line L through the diode D2 cutting off transistor TR2 and additionally preventing the collector of transistor TRl from going negative.
  • transistor TR3 is non-conducting causing the phase advanced triggering pulses to be applied to the trigger electrode of thyristor SCR.
  • thyristor SCR is not rendered conductive, a discharge path is not provided for the capacitor and sparks will not be produced at the spark gap.
  • the circuit will then be locked out and in orderto return it to the igniting condition it is necessary to disconnect the circuit arrangement from the alternating supply for a matter of several seconds.
  • a switch may be provided across capacitor C1 capable of discharging that.
  • diode D3 in the circuit is to provide a reverse current path for capacitor C3 and resistor R6,-
  • Apparatus for monitoring and controlling the flow of a combustible gas comprising, an alternating current supply, a gas'valve operated by a solenoid for controlling the flow of gas to a burner, a semiconductor thyristor switch having a control electrode, means connecting the switch in series circuit with the solenoid and the AC supply so that the switch controls the flow of current from the AC supply to the solenoid, means for monitoring the ionization current that flows through the burner gas flame when the gas is ignited, circuit means coupling said monitoring means to said control electrode and responsive thereto so as to trigget the switch into conduction when the gas is ignited and to inhibit the triggering thereof in the absence of a flame whereby-the solenoid is operated to close the gas valve and cut off the gas flow to the burner, and said circuit means includes a phase advance circuit connecting said control electrode to the AC supply thereby to trigger said thyristor switch from said AC supply.
  • circuit means further comprises a first transistor coupled to the control electrode of said thyristor switch to inhibit the triggering thereof whensaid first transistor is conductive, means for applying to the base of said first transistor a bias voltage derived from said AC supply and of a polarity to produce conduction in the transistor, means for applying the flame ionisation current to the base of said first transistor with a phase retardation relative to the AC supply so as to render that transistor non-conducting during at least a portion of each cycle of said alternating supply, at least a part of said portion coinciding with the beginning of each positive half cycle of the AC supply thereby allowing said switch to be triggered.
  • circuit means further comprises second and third transistors, means operatively connecting said first transistor in cascade with said second and third transistors so that said third transistor is rendered conductive when said v first transistor is conductive, and means connecting conduction in the absence of said flame ionization cursaid third transistor to the thyristor control electrode.
  • circuit means further comprises a resistor capacitor circuit connected between one side of said alternating supply and the collector of said third transistor so that, with the flame ionization current present, the thyristor switch is triggered via said RC circuit, the collector of said third transistor also being connected to the trigger electrode of said switch.
  • Apparatus for monitoring and controlling the flow of a combustible gas comprising, an alternating current supply, a gas valve operated by a solenoid for controlling the flow of gas to a burner, a semiconductor switch having a control electrode, means connecting the switchin series circuit with the solenoid and the AC supply so that the switch controls the flow of current from the AC supply to the solenoid, means for monitoring the ionization current that flows through the burner gas flame when the gas is ignited, circuit means coupling said monitoring means to said control electrode and and responsive thereto so as to trigger the switch into conduction when the gas is ignited and to inhibit the triggering thereof in the absence of a flame whereby the solenoid is operated to close the gas valve and cutoff the gas flow to the burner, a diode and a capacitor serially connected with the primary winding of a transformer across said AC supply, and means connecting the series circuit comprising said capacitor and primary winding in parallel with said switch so that said capacitor is charged from said'alternating supply from the commencement of each cycle of said AC supply for
  • Apparatus as claimed in'claim 1 further comprising a capacitor connected in series circuit with the primary winding of an ignition transformer across said AC supply so as to charge the capacitor at the start of each cycle of said AC supply until the switch is triggered into conduction, means connecting said series circuit in parallel with said switch so that the switch provides a discharge path for the capacitor through said primary winding,and wherein said circuit means includes electric delay means which, during a burner ignition period, delays the triggering of said switch to a period between 30 and subsequent to the start of each cycle of said AC supply, and means connecting the secondary winding of said transformer to an ignition electrode of the burner.
  • circuit means further comprises a first transistor coupled to the control electrode of said semiconductor switch so as to inhibit the triggering thereof when said first transistor is fully conductive, and a bias capacitor coupled to the base of the second transistor and to said AC supply and arranged to bias said first transistor into full rent.
  • circuit means includes means for coupling the flame ionization current, when present, from said monitoring means to the base of the first transistor so as cut-off said first transistor at the start of each cycle of said AC supply thereby to allow said semiconductor switch to be triggered into conduction at that time.
  • circuit means further comprises a phase delay circuit interposed between said monitoring means and said control electrode whereby the triggering of the switch is controlled jointly by the AC supply and the ionisation current at a time subsequent to ignition of the gas.
  • Flow control apparatus for a combustible gas comprising, input terminals adapted for connection to a source of AC supply current, a solenoid operated gas valve for controlling the gas flow, a semiconductor controlled switch connected in series circuit with the input terminals and the solenoid so that the switch controls the fiow of current from the input terminals to the solenoid, phase control means coupling an input terminal to a control electrode of said switch to supply a periodic trigger signal thereto in advance of the start of each cycle of the AC supply and independent of the state of the gas thereby to initiate conduction through said switch, means for monitoring the gas so as to derive an ionization current from the gas when the gas is burning, a first current control element with its output coupled to the control electrode of the switch and its input coupled to said monitoring'means so as to respond to said ionization current, when present, said control element being operative to apply a first control signal to said control electrode that will inhibit the triggering of the switch when said ionization current is absent at its input thereby to operate the solenoid
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 12 further. comprising a capacitor connected in series circuit with the primary winding of an ignition transformer, means connecting said series circuit in parallel with said switch so that the switch provides a path for selectively discharging the capacitor through said primary winding, a charge circuit coupling said series. circuit to the input terminals so that the capacitor is charged from said AC supply when the switch is cut-off, and means connecting the-secondary winding'of the transformer to an ignition electrode whereby sparks are produced at said electrode in synchronism with the discharge of the capacitor.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 14 further comprising a bias capacitor connected to the input of said first control element and to the input terminals via a DC charge circuit and operative when the charge thereon reaches a given level to apply a bias voltage to said control element which, in the absence of any ionization current, will cause said control element to derive said first inhibit control signal to prevent the triggering of the switch and hence prevent the generation of sparks.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 15 further comprising means for retarding the phase of said AC ionization current relative to the AC supply so as to overide said bias voltage near the start of each cycle of the AC supply whereby said control element becomes operative to derive and apply said second control signal to the switch to trigger same near the start of each cycle of the AC supply and thereby prevent the first capacitor from charging to a level sufficient to generate sparks.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 16 wherein said charge circuit includes a rectifier element, said switch comprises a thyristor, and said phase control means includes a capacitor for advancing the phase of the trigger signal relative to the AC supply.
  • Flow control apparatus for a combustible gas comprisingflnput terminals adapted for connection to a source of AC supply current, a solenoid operated gas valve for controlling the gas flow, a semiconductor controlled switch connected in series circuit with the solenoid-across the input terminals to control the current flow from said terminals to the solenoid, phase control means coupling an input terminal to a control electrode of said switch to supply a periodic trigger signal thereto in advance of the positive half cycle of the AC supply voltage applied to the anode of the switch, ignition means for igniting said gas and coupledto said switch, means for monitoring the gas so as to derive an electric signal therefrom when the gas is ignited, and circuit means responsive to said signal, when present, to apply a first control signal to said control electrode at or near the start of each positive half cycle of the AC supply which allows said trigger signal to trigger the switch into conduction and thereby inhibits the operation of I said ignition means, said circuit means being operative to delay the triggering of said switch for a given ignition period when said signal is absent
  • said ignition means comprises a capacitor and an ignition coil serially connected across the switch terminals and to the input terminals in a manner whereby said capacitor is allowed to charge up only when the switch is cutoff, and wherein said circuit means includes an amplifier with a control electrode coupled to said monitoring means and an output electrode coupled to the control electrode of the semiconductor switch.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
US00035852A 1969-05-09 1970-05-08 Controlling and monitoring combustible gases Expired - Lifetime US3766441A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2376369A GB1258327A (de) 1969-05-09 1969-05-09

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US3766441A true US3766441A (en) 1973-10-16

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US00035852A Expired - Lifetime US3766441A (en) 1969-05-09 1970-05-08 Controlling and monitoring combustible gases

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US (1) US3766441A (de)
CA (1) CA945243A (de)
CH (1) CH531209A (de)
DE (1) DE2022242A1 (de)
DK (1) DK127615B (de)
FR (1) FR2042532B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1258327A (de)
NL (1) NL7006416A (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4167767A (en) * 1976-07-15 1979-09-11 Bicosa Societe De Recherches Flame or spark detection system and combustible gas ignition device
US4334258A (en) * 1980-06-23 1982-06-08 Seeman Jeffrey L Explosion prevention control system for a fuel-gas burning automatic ignition appliance and associated gas distribution system
US4626192A (en) * 1984-07-02 1986-12-02 Robertshaw Controls Company Primary gas furnace control
US4680005A (en) * 1984-07-02 1987-07-14 Robertshaw Controls Company Primary gas furnace control
US4755133A (en) * 1984-07-02 1988-07-05 Robertshaw Control Company Primary gas furnace control
US4836770A (en) * 1984-07-02 1989-06-06 Robertshaw Controls Company Primary gas furnace control
US4865539A (en) * 1988-08-23 1989-09-12 Robertshaw Controls Company Fuel control unit for a gas furnace and method of making the same
US4915614A (en) * 1984-07-02 1990-04-10 Robertshaw Controls Company Primary gas furnace control
US4971549A (en) * 1988-08-23 1990-11-20 Robertshaw Controls Company Fuel control unit for a gas furnace and method of making the same
US5158447A (en) * 1984-07-02 1992-10-27 Robertshaw Controls Company Primary gas furnace control
US5618907A (en) * 1985-04-23 1997-04-08 The Boeing Company Thallium catalyzed multidimensional ester oligomers
US5703749A (en) * 1994-12-01 1997-12-30 Prasad; Romeo Safety control system responsive to carbon monoxide smoke and the like
US5999395A (en) * 1997-04-11 1999-12-07 Schneider Electric Sa Monitoring circuit for a constant monitoring of a plurality of signal inputs
DE10027846A1 (de) * 2000-05-25 2001-11-29 Siemens Building Tech Ag Signalgeber
US6676404B2 (en) * 2000-05-12 2004-01-13 Siemens Building Technologies Ag Measuring device for a flame
US20170138329A1 (en) * 2013-11-14 2017-05-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating an ignition system and a corresponding ignition system

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3270799A (en) * 1964-12-07 1966-09-06 Honeywell Inc Burner control apparatus
US3348104A (en) * 1964-12-14 1967-10-17 American Gas Ass Bias-controlled a. c.-operable voltage threshold circuit, and systems employing same
US3377125A (en) * 1966-06-16 1968-04-09 American Gas Ass Electrical ignition system for gaseous fuel burners and the like
US3445172A (en) * 1967-08-02 1969-05-20 American Gas Ass Fail-safe system
US3447880A (en) * 1966-09-29 1969-06-03 Liberty Combustion Corp Control system for fluid fuel burners
GB1181965A (en) * 1966-06-10 1970-02-18 Clark & Smith Ind Ltd Improvements in or relating to Electrical Apparatus for Controlling Gas Burners and the Like
US3520645A (en) * 1968-05-24 1970-07-14 Maytag Co Control system for a fuel burner

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3337792A (en) * 1963-07-09 1967-08-22 Loral Electronics Corp Firing angle control circuit for silicon controlled rectifiers
US3456095A (en) * 1965-10-06 1969-07-15 Sunbeam Corp Solid state temperature control circuit with anticipation and compensation features
FR1517522A (fr) * 1967-04-04 1968-03-15 Fenwal Inc Système électrique d'allumage du gaz et de contrôle de la flamme
US3441356A (en) * 1967-09-12 1969-04-29 Fenwal Inc Pulsed spark gas ignition and fuel control system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3270799A (en) * 1964-12-07 1966-09-06 Honeywell Inc Burner control apparatus
US3348104A (en) * 1964-12-14 1967-10-17 American Gas Ass Bias-controlled a. c.-operable voltage threshold circuit, and systems employing same
GB1181965A (en) * 1966-06-10 1970-02-18 Clark & Smith Ind Ltd Improvements in or relating to Electrical Apparatus for Controlling Gas Burners and the Like
US3377125A (en) * 1966-06-16 1968-04-09 American Gas Ass Electrical ignition system for gaseous fuel burners and the like
US3447880A (en) * 1966-09-29 1969-06-03 Liberty Combustion Corp Control system for fluid fuel burners
US3445172A (en) * 1967-08-02 1969-05-20 American Gas Ass Fail-safe system
US3520645A (en) * 1968-05-24 1970-07-14 Maytag Co Control system for a fuel burner

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4167767A (en) * 1976-07-15 1979-09-11 Bicosa Societe De Recherches Flame or spark detection system and combustible gas ignition device
US4334258A (en) * 1980-06-23 1982-06-08 Seeman Jeffrey L Explosion prevention control system for a fuel-gas burning automatic ignition appliance and associated gas distribution system
US4915614A (en) * 1984-07-02 1990-04-10 Robertshaw Controls Company Primary gas furnace control
US4680005A (en) * 1984-07-02 1987-07-14 Robertshaw Controls Company Primary gas furnace control
US4755133A (en) * 1984-07-02 1988-07-05 Robertshaw Control Company Primary gas furnace control
US4836770A (en) * 1984-07-02 1989-06-06 Robertshaw Controls Company Primary gas furnace control
US5158447A (en) * 1984-07-02 1992-10-27 Robertshaw Controls Company Primary gas furnace control
US4626192A (en) * 1984-07-02 1986-12-02 Robertshaw Controls Company Primary gas furnace control
US5618907A (en) * 1985-04-23 1997-04-08 The Boeing Company Thallium catalyzed multidimensional ester oligomers
US4971549A (en) * 1988-08-23 1990-11-20 Robertshaw Controls Company Fuel control unit for a gas furnace and method of making the same
WO1990002294A1 (en) * 1988-08-23 1990-03-08 Robertshaw Controls Company Fuel control unit for a gas furnace and method of making the same
US4865539A (en) * 1988-08-23 1989-09-12 Robertshaw Controls Company Fuel control unit for a gas furnace and method of making the same
US5703749A (en) * 1994-12-01 1997-12-30 Prasad; Romeo Safety control system responsive to carbon monoxide smoke and the like
US5999395A (en) * 1997-04-11 1999-12-07 Schneider Electric Sa Monitoring circuit for a constant monitoring of a plurality of signal inputs
US6676404B2 (en) * 2000-05-12 2004-01-13 Siemens Building Technologies Ag Measuring device for a flame
DE10027846A1 (de) * 2000-05-25 2001-11-29 Siemens Building Tech Ag Signalgeber
US20170138329A1 (en) * 2013-11-14 2017-05-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating an ignition system and a corresponding ignition system
US10018173B2 (en) * 2013-11-14 2018-07-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating an ignition system and a corresponding ignition system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1258327A (de) 1971-12-30
CA945243A (en) 1974-04-09
DE2022242A1 (de) 1970-11-12
FR2042532A1 (de) 1971-02-12
DK127615B (da) 1973-12-03
CH531209A (de) 1972-11-30
NL7006416A (de) 1970-11-11
FR2042532B1 (de) 1975-01-10

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